QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joiner and Ironmongery Page 1

Part 01: General

1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 2

1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................. 2

1.1.1 Scope 2
1.1.2 References 2
1.1.3 Definitions 3
1.2 TIMBER TYPES ...................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 General Description 3
1.3 QUALITY ................................................................................................................. 3
1.3.1 General Description 3
1.4 MOISTURE CONTENT ........................................................................................... 5
1.4.1 General Description 5

m
1.5 STORAGE OF MATERIALS .................................................................................... 6

u
1.5.1 General Requirements 6

rti
so
on
C
n
ig
es
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joiner and Ironmongery Page 2
Part 01: General

1 GENERAL

1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1.1 Scope

1 Section 9 specifies materials, accessories, and workmanship for the use of wood in building
construction. Part 1 of Section 18 defines general specifications as applicable.

2 Related Sections are as follows:

This Section:
Part 2 Wood Treatment
Part 3 Structural Timber
Part 4 Architectural Timber

um
Part 5 Joinery
Part 6 Fasteners and Adhesives

rti
Part 7 Ironmongery
1.1.2 References

1 The following standards are referred to in this Section:

so
on
BS 476 ........................Fire tests on building materials and structures
C

BS 729 ........................Hot dip galvanised coatings on iron and steel articles

BS 1088 ......................Plywood for marine craft
n

BS 1142 ......................Specification for fibre building boards

ig

BS 1186 ......................Quality of timber and workmanship in joinery

es

BS 1202 ......................Nails
BS 1203 ......................Synthetic resin adhesive for plywood
D

BS 1204 ......................Synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and aminoplastic) for wood

ar

BS 1210 ......................Wood screws

BS 1282 ......................Guide to the choice, use and application of wood preservatives
at

BS 2572 ......................Phenolic laminated sheet and expoxy cotton fabric laminated sheet
Q

BS 3444 ......................Specification for blackboard and lamination board

BS 3621 ......................Thief resistant locks
BS 3794 ......................Decorative laminated plastic sheet
BS 4072 ......................Wood preservation by means of copper/chromium/arsenic
BS 4079 ......................Compositions
BS 4756 ......................Ready mixed aluminium priming paints for woodwork
BS 4965 ......................Decorative laminated plastic sheet veneeral boards and panels
BS 5268 ......................Preservative Treatments for Constructional timbers Part 5
BS 5358 ......................Plywood for marine craft
BS 5589 ......................CP for preservation of timbers
BS 5666 ......................Wood preservatives and treated timber
BS 5707 ......................Solutions of wood preservatives in organic solvents
BS 6459 ......................Door closers, mechanical performance
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joiner and Ironmongery Page 3
Part 01: General

BS 6462 ......................Casement stays, mechanical performance

BS 6566 ......................Plywood
BS 7036 ......................CP for installation of safety devices for automatic power operated
pedestrian door systems
BS 7352 ......................Strength and durability performance of metal hinges
BS 8201 ......................Timber flooring
BS EN 635 ..................Plywood, clarification by surface appearance
BS EN 1014 ................Wood preservatives, creosote and creosoted timber methods of
sampling and analysis
TRADA .......................Wood information sheets

1.1.3 Definitions

1 Concealed surfaces: Surfaces which after installation in the building will be concealed by the

m
surrounding work, not merely by decoration.

u
2 Semi-concealed surfaces: Surfaces such as the internal parts of cupboards or fittings which

rti
are not visible when the fittings are closed.

3 so
Class 1 finish: Refers to the exposed surfaces of joinery which are selected for clear finish.
on
4 Class 2 finish: Refers to the exposed surfaces of joinery which are selected for painting.
C

1.2 TIMBER TYPES

n
ig

1.2.1 General Description

es

1 Softwood is to comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1186, Part 1.

rD

2 Hardwood is to comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1186, Part 1. Planed representative
samples of each hardwood species specified are to be submitted to
the Engineer before the manufacture of any joinery work.
a
at

3 The following hardwoods are approved for use:

Q

(a) Iroko
(b) Afrormosia
(c) Dark Red Meranti
(d) Opepe

4 Under no circumstances shall Light Red Meranti be used.

5 Where Teak is specified no alternative hardwood will be acceptable.

1.3 QUALITY

1.3.1 General Description

1 Timber should comply with the requirements of Table 1.1 and should be free of the following
defects:
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joiner and Ironmongery Page 4
Part 01: General

(a) unsound knots, dead knots, loose knots and knot holes.
(b) sapwood on any external hardwood or Class 1 finish surface.
(c) splits extending through the piece from one surface to another and ring shakes.
(d) decay and insect attack other than pinholes as defined in Tables 1.1 and 1.2.

2 Except in Class 1 finish work, defects arising from manufacture and knots may be cut or
bored out and replaced with a plug or inserts of the same species, well glued in. The plug is
to be the full depth of the hole and the grain to be in the direction of the grain of the piece into
which it is inserted. The width of any plug or insert should not be more than 6 mm greater
than the maximum limit of the knot size.

3 In jointed panels each piece is to be of the same species and in Class 1 finish work all the
exposed surfaces of each piece are to have the same character of grain and are to be
matched.

u m
Table 1.1

rti
Quality of Timber
Features Exposed Surfaces
Class 1 Finish so Class 2 Finish
on
Knots Pin knots up to 6 mm Up to 25mm width - one half of timber
diameter only unless 25-50mm width - 15mm
C

the knots are specified 50-100mm width - one quarter

as a feature. Over 100mm width - 25mm
n

Checks, Width splits 0.3 mm 1.5 mm (filled if over 0.5 mm)

ig

Length and Depths 300 mm 300 mm

Shakes One quarter of timber One Quarter of timber
es

Pitch pockets Not Permitted Not Permitted unless cut out and filled
rD

Plugs and inserts Not Permitted Width not to be 6mm greater than maximum
limit of permitted knot size
Joints and Lamination None Not unduly conspicuous
a

Glue Lines
at

Rate of Growth Not fewer than 8 growth rings per 25 mm at any point on any cross section
Q

Slope of grain Not greater than 1 in 10 in softwoods and 1 in 8 in hardwoods

Boxed Heart Permitted in softwoods only if there is no shake on exposed surfaces
Pitch Not permitted Permitted if hard
Pin-holes Not permitted Permitted if filled
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joiner and Ironmongery Page 5
Part 01: General

Table 1.2
Quality of Timber
Features Concealed and Semi-Concealed Surfaces
Knots Up to 45mm width - two-thirds of timber
45-60mm width - 20mm
60-100mm width - one half
Over 100mm width - 50mm
Checks, Width splits Any width
Length and Depths Not continuous for whole length
Shakes One Half of timber
Pitch pockets Permitted
Plugs and inserts Width not to be 6mm greater than maximum
limit of permitted know size
Joints and Lamination No specified requirement

m
Glue Lines

u
Rate of Growth Not fewer than 8 growth rings per 25mm at any point on any cross section

rti
Slope of grain Not greater than 1 in 10 in softwoods and 1 in 8 in hardwoods
Boxed Heart
Pitch so
Permitted in softwoods
Permitted
on
Pin-holes Permitted
C

1.4 MOISTURE CONTENT

n

1.4.1 General Description

ig

1 All timber is to be kept in stores, properly stacked, for a minimum period of three months to
es

ensure conditioning to a maximum moisture content from time of delivery and during site
storage to be no more than the following:
rD

(a) timber 50mm and less in thickness to have a moisture content of 19% or less
a

(b) boards to have a moisture content of 19% or less

at

(c) timber over 50mm thick to have a moisture content of 25% or less.
Q

2 Particular care is to be taken to ensure that all carpentry and joinery timbers, plywood,
blockboard and other timber based composite board, whether in prefabricated or loose form,
are delivered and maintained at the required maximum moisture content stated. Refer to BS
6566 Part 5 for moisture content in plywood.

3 When instructed by the Engineer the Contractor is to make available a moisture meter for the
testing of moisture content on site. The test is to be carried out according to the instrument
manufacturer’s instructions at a point not nearer than 600 mm from either end or at the
centre if the length is less than 1200 mm.

4 For information related to use of moisture meters refer to the following Timber Research and
Development Association (TRADA) wood information sheets, reference:

(a) No. 14 Moisture in timber 4284 910

(b) No. 18 Moisture metres for wood 461795.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joiner and Ironmongery Page 6
Part 01: General

1.5 STORAGE OF MATERIALS

1.5.1 General Requirements

1 The Contractor is to comply with the following requirements when dealing with structural
timbers (rough carpentry):

(a) protect timber and other products from dampness both during and after the delivery to
the site.
(b) pile timber in stacks in such a manner as to provide air circulation around the
surfaces of each piece.
(c) stack plywood and other board products so as to prevent warping.
(d) locate stacks on well drained areas, supported at least above ground and cover as
necessary for protection from driving rain and prolonged sun exposure, whilst providing

m
ventilation.

u
2 The Contractor is to comply with the following requirements when dealing with architectural

rti
timber (finished carpentry and shopwork).

(a)
so
joinery is to be stacked on bearers on level, dry floors. Components are to be
staggered or separated with spacers as necessary to prevent damage by and to
on
projecting ironmongery, beads, etc.
(b) components which cannot be immediately unloaded into conditions of storage
C

recommended by the manufacturer or approved by the Engineer are not to be

n

delivered to the site.

ig

(c) during transit and while stored on site, doors are to be stacked horizontally in piles,
each pile on not fewer than three cross bearers laid level and true.
es

END OF PART
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 1
Part 02: Wood Treatment

2 WOOD TREATMENT .................................................................................... 2

2.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2

2.1.1 Scope 2
2.1.2 References 2
2.1.3 Submittals 2
2.2 PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT .................................................................... 2
2.2.1 General Application 2
2.2.2 Standard Pressure Treated Preservative 3
2.2.3 Other Preservative Treatments 3
2.3 FIRE RETARDANT TREATMENT ................................................................. 3
2.3.1 General Application 3

m
2.4 INSECT TREATMENT ................................................................................... 3

u
rti
2.4.1 General Application 3

so
on
C
n
ig
es
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 2
Part 02: Wood Treatment

2 WOOD TREATMENT

2.1 GENERAL

2.1.1 Scope

1 This Part specifies the use of preservative, insect protection and fire retardant treatment for
wood construction, inclusive of Structural Timbers and Architectural woodwork. Unless stated
otherwise in the Project Documentation, the guide to choice, use and application of wood
preservatives is BS 1282.

2 Related Sections are as follows:

This Section
Part 1 General

m
Part 3 Structural Timber

u
Part 4 Architectural Timber

rti
Part 5 Joinery
Part 6 Fasteners and Adhesives
2.1.2 References so
on
1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:
C

BS 1282 ......................Guide to the choice, use and application of wood preservatives

BS 5268 ......................Preservative treatments for constructional timbers
n

BS 5707 ......................Solutions of wood preservatives in organic solvents

ig

BS 6566 ......................Plywood
es

BS EN 1014 ................Creosote and creosoted timber

rD

2.1.3 Submittals

1 In accordance with the Project Documentation, provide certification as specified that required
a

preservation treatment or fire retardant has been completed, or in the absence of specific
at

requirement that at minimum the manufacturers required standard application has been
used.
Q

2 Provide a sample of woodwork as indicated by the engineer with required coatings or

treatment application for testing where required.

2.2 PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT

2.2.1 General Application

1 The preservative treatment is to be applied by pressure impregnation or the double vacuum

process. Dipping, deluging, spraying, brushing or other methods which only provide shallow
protection are not permitted.

2 The treatment to be carried out under factory conditions at the source of supply of the timber
and the Contractor is to provide a Certificate of Impregnation when required by the Engineer.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 3
Part 02: Wood Treatment

3 Treatment is to be carried out after all cutting and shaping has been completed. If
subsequent cutting of the timber is unavoidable all freshly exposed surfaces are to receive a
liberal application of the preservative recommended in the relevant treatment specification.

2.2.2 Standard Pressure Treated Preservative

1 Wood members and plywood exposed to weather or in contact with plaster, masonry or
concrete, including wood framing of openings in exterior walls of concrete or masonry, roofed
structures; wood sills, sole plates, furring; and, wood members used in connection with
roofing and flashing materials to be treated in accordance with BS 1282, BS 5268, BS 6566,
and/or BS 5707.

2.2.3 Other Preservative Treatments

1 Creosote and creosoted timber where used as structural timber to be sampled or analysed to

m
BS EN 1014.

u
2.3 FIRE RETARDANT TREATMENT

rti
2.3.1

1
General Application
so
Each piece of treated material will bear identification of the testing agency and will show the
on
performance rating. Treatment and performance inspection, is to be by an independent and
qualified testing agency that establishes performance ratings.
C

2.4 INSECT TREATMENT

n
ig

2.4.1 General Application

es

1 All hardwood and softwood for permanent incorporation in the Works is to be treated with
rD

preservative to provide protection against damage from insect larvae, termites and fungal
decay to BS 6566, Part 7. Organic solvent type preservatives are to contain a water repellent.
Certificates are to be provided confirming all necessary treatments required have been
a

completed.
at
Q

END OF PART
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 1
Part 03: Structural Timber

3 STRUCTURAL TIMBER ................................................................................ 2

3.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2

3.1.1 Scope 2
3.1.2 References 2
3.1.3 Submittals 2
3.1.4 Product Delivery, Storage and Handling 2
3.2 FRAMING MATERIALS ................................................................................. 3
3.2.1 Structural Timber 3
3.2.2 Plywood (used for Rough Carpentry) 3
3.2.3 Rough Hardware - General 4
3.2.4 Workmanship for Structural Timber 4
3.2.5 Non-Structural Framing 5

m
3.2.6 Plywood Sheeting 5

u
rti
so
on
C
n
ig
es
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 2
Part 03: Structural Timber

3 STRUCTURAL TIMBER

3.1 GENERAL

3.1.1 Scope

1 This part specifies requirements for wood framing, sheathing, subflooring, trusses, light
timber construction and rough hardware as used in buildings.

2 Related Sections and Parts are as follows:

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 2 Wood Treatment
Part 4 Architectural Timber

m
Part 5 Joinery

u
Part 6 Fasteners and Adhesives

rti
Part 7 Ironmongery
3.1.2 References

1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:

so
on
BS 1088 ......................Plywood for marine craft
C

BS 4079 ......................Plywood for marine craft

BS 1186 ......................Quality of timber and workmanship in joinery
n

BS 1203 ......................Synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and amnioplastic) for plywood

ig

BS 6566 ......................Plywood
es

BS EN 635 .................Plywood
a rD

3.1.3 Submittals
at

1 The Contractor shall submit shop drawings showing framing connection details, fasteners,
Q

connections, dimensions, treatment and finishes in accordance with the relevant provisions
of Section 1, General

3.1.4 Product Delivery, Storage and Handling

1 Protect lumber and other products from dampness both during and after delivery at site.

2 Pile lumber in stacks in such manner as to provide air circulation around surfaces of each
piece. Stack plywood and other board products so as to prevent warping.

3 Locate stacks on a well drained area, supported at least six inches above grade and cover as
necessary for protection from driving rain and prolonged sun exposure whilst providing
ventilation.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 3
Part 03: Structural Timber

3.2 FRAMING MATERIALS

3.2.1 Structural Timber

1 Unless otherwise specified, each piece of lumber is to bear the grade mark, stamp, or
other identifying marks indicating grades of material, and rules or standards under which
produced.

2 Structural members shall be:

(a) any species to be used as structural timber is to be grade listed as in BS 1186 Part 1
(b) the design of members and fastenings is to conform to BS 1186 Part 2.

3 Furring, blocking, nailers and similar items used for framing as structural timber shall
conform to Tables 1.1 and 1.2, Quality of Timber.

m
4 Size references, unless otherwise specified, are nominal sizes, and actual sizes to be

u
within manufacturing tolerances allowed by the standard under which the product is

rti
produced.

5
so
The moisture content of timber at the time of delivery and during site storage is to be as
described in Clause 1.4.1-1 of Part 1 of this Section.
on
6 Framing timber is to have a minimum extreme fibre stress in bending of 7500 kPa unless
C

otherwise approved by the Engineer.

n

3.2.2 Plywood (used for Rough Carpentry)

ig

1 Each sheet of plywood is to bear the mark of a recognized association or independent

es

inspection agency which will maintain continuing control over the quality of the plywood. The
mark is to identify the plywood by veneer grade, group number, span rating where applicable,
rD

and glue type.

a

2 Plywood is to be free from bow, twist and warp.

at

3 The core in 3-ply is not to be more than 60% of the total thickness.
Q

4 In plywood having more than 3 plies, the faces, and all plies with the grain running in the
same direction as the faces, to have a combined thickness of between 40% and 60% of the
total thickness of the plywood.

5 All plywood thicker than 10mm is to made of not less than 5 plies.

6 No face ply to be thicker than 3mm and no inner ply to exceed 5mm.

7 The direction of the grain of the veneer is to be at right angles in adjacent plies except in the
case of boards comprising an even number of plies, when the grain of the center is to follow
the same direction.

8 All plywood which is to be installed externally is to be manufactured using Type WBP

adhesives to BS 1203, BS 1088 and BS 4079.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 4
Part 03: Structural Timber

9 All plywood which is to be installed internally is to be manufactured using Type BR adhesives

to BS 1203.

10 Face plies for Class 1 finish are to be of one or two pieces of firm, smoothly cut veneer.
When of two pieces, the joint should be approximately at the center of the board and the
veneers are to be matched for color. The veneer is to be free from knots, unless specified as
a feature, insect holes, splits, dote, glue stain, filling or inlaying or any other kind of defect.
No end joints are permissible.

11 Face splits for Class 2 finish are to present a solid surface free from open defects.
Occasional splits not wider than 0.8mm at any point and not longer than one tenth of the
length of any panel of slightly open joints may be filled with a suitable filler. Neatly made
repairs consisting of inserts of the same species as the veneer, which present solid, level,
hard surfaces and are bonded with an adhesive equivalent to that used for bonding the
veneers are permissible. No end joints are permissible.

m
3.2.3 Rough Hardware - General

u
rti
1 Rough hardware includes items for structural timber construction such as frame cramps, ties,
anchors, framing connectors, joist hangers and similar items.

3.2.4 Workmanship for Structural Timber

so
on
1 Timber for carpentry work is to be finished sawn to the sizes shown on the drawings. A
C

tolerance of +3.0 mm to -0.5 mm is permissible.

n

2 Joints are to be constructed so that they will transmit the loads and resist the stresses to
ig

which they will be subjected. The surfaces should be in good contact over the whole area of
the joint before fastenings are applied. Unless otherwise specified all joints are to be secured
es

with a suitable type and sufficient number of nails.

rD

3 Holes for bolts are to be drilled from both sides of the timber. No nails, screws or bolts are to
be placed in split ends. If splitting is likely holes for nails are to be predrilled at diameters not
a

exceeding four-fifths of the nail.

at

4 Temporary bracing is to be provided to maintain structural timbers in position and to ensure

Q

stability during construction.

5 All cutting for services to be the minimum required to accommodate the services and comply
with the following:

(a) notches shall be “U” shaped and be formed by straight cuts to drilled holes
(b) notches and holes not to be positioned in a member where the remainder of the cross
section contains a knot or other defect which would affect the strength
(c) notches in joists are to be located at the top and not be deeper than one eight of the
depth of the joist located within one quarter of the span from the centre of bearing.
Holes in joists are to be located through the centre of the depth i.e., on the neutral axis.

6 Joists are to extend a minimum of 75 mm beyond the nearest edge of the supporting plate or
member and be laid in parallel lines.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 5
Part 03: Structural Timber

7 Where joists are to be notched over supports, the depth of the notch should not exceed two-
fifths of the depth of the joist. The bearing surface of the notch is to be cut smooth and true in
relation to the surface on which it bears.

8 A clear 12 mm to be maintained around all joists if they extend into blockwork walls and they
are to receive an additional liberal coating of preservative on all surface adjacent to walls. A
50 mm gap is to be left between joists and flanking walls.

9 Herring-bone strutting is to be constructed of 50 x 38 mm pieces nailed to form a system of

crossing diagonals in a straight line transversely across the joists. Each diagonal strut is to be
wedged tightly between the top and bottom edges of adjacent joists before being secured by
nails.

3.2.5 Non-Structural Framing

m
1 Timber sections, stud partitions, bulkheads, etc., are to be accurately cut so that they fit
together tightly without distortion. Each joint is to be fixed with at least two nails.

u
rti
2 All timber sections to be fixed plumb, level and square to ensure that the lining material can
be positioned accurately and securely to give flat surfaces, free from undulations.

3
so
The spacing of members should not exceed the permissible span of the lining material as
on
recommended by the manufacturer. All edges of the lining material to be supported except
where other methods of supporting the edges are provided e.g., tongued and grooved joints.
C

4 Holes for services to pass through the center of timber sections and the diameter of the hole
n

should not exceed one third the width or thickness of the timber.
ig

5 Additional supports are to be provided for appliances and fixtures.

es

6 Framing, grounds and bearers are to be fixed to the substrata at maximum 450mm centers
rD

using masonry nails unless described as “plugged and screwed” or “bolted”.

3.2.6 Plywood Sheeting

a
at

1 Wall and roof sheeting is to comply with the relevant provisions of BS EN 635 and BS 6566.
Q

2 Wall Sheeting: Panels 1200 mm wide and 87 mm thick are to have supports at 400 mm
centres if constructed without corner bracing and framing. Panels 100 mm thick are to have
supports at 600 centres, if constructed without corner bracing or framing.

3 Roof Sheeting: Panels 87mm thick or greater shall have supports at 400 mm centres
minimum.

END OF PART
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 1
Part 04: Architectural Timbers

4 ARCHITECTURAL TIMBER .......................................................................... 2

4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................ 2

4.1.1 Scope 2
4.1.2 References 2
4.1.3 Submittals 2
4.1.4 Product Delivery, Storage and Handling 3
4.2 TIMBER MATERIALS (NON-STRUCTURAL FRAMES) ............................... 3
4.2.1 Grading and Marking 3
4.2.2 Sizes 3
4.2.3 Specific Items 3
4.2.4 Moisture Content 3
4.2.5 Fire Retardant Treatment 3

m
4.2.6 Preservative Treatment 4

u
4.2.7 Fixing of Exterior Shopwork 4

rti
4.2.8 Fixing of Interior Shopwork 4
4.3
4.3.1 Softwood Plywood
so
PLYWOOD .................................................................................................... 5
5
on
4.3.2 Hardwood Plywood 5
4.3.3 Marine Plywood 5
C

4.4 WOOD PANELING ........................................................................................ 5

n

4.4.1 General 5
ig

4.4.2 Board Planking 5

es

4.4.3 Wall Sheet Paneling 5

4.5 BLOCKBOARD AND LAMINBOARD ............................................................. 6
rD

4.5.1 General Requirements 6

4.5.2 Fixing Laminated Timber Boards 6
a
at

4.6 LAMINATED PLASTIC SHEET ..................................................................... 6

4.6.1 General Requirements 7
Q

4.6.2 Fixing Laminated Plastics 7

4.7 MISCELLANEOUS WOOD PRODUCTS....................................................... 7
4.7.1 Building Board (Handboard) 7
4.8 STAIRWORK AND HANDRAILS ................................................................... 7
4.8.1 Wood Handrails 7
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 2
Part 04: Architectural Timbers

4 ARCHITECTURAL TIMBER

4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1.1 Scope

1 This part includes specifications for fabrication and installation of exterior and interior finished
carpentry and millwork, and plastic laminate covered counters, cabinets, and other such
items.

2 Related Sections are as follows:

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 3 Framing Furring and Blocking

m
Part 3 Wood Doors

u
Part 5 Joinery

rti
4.1.2 References

1 The following references are referred to in this Part:

so
on
BS 476 ........................Fire tests on building materials and structures
BS 1088 ......................Plywood for marine craft
C

BS 1142 ......................Specification for fibre building boards

BS 1282 ......................Choice, use and application of wood preservatives
n
ig

BS 2572 ......................Phenolic laminated sheet and epoxy cotton fabric laminated sheet
BS 3444 ......................Specification for blockboard and lamin board
es

BS 4072 ......................Use of copper/chromium/arsenic compositions

rD

BS 4079 ......................Plywood for marine craft

BS 4965 ......................Decorative laminated plastic sheet veneered boards and panels
a

BS 5268 ......................Part 5 - preservative treatment of structural timber

at

BS 5589 ......................Code of Practice for preservation of timber

BS 5666 ......................Methods of analysis of wood preservatives and treated timber
Q

BS 5707 ......................Specification of solutions for timber

BS 6566 ......................Plywood

BS EN 635 ..................Plywood Part 2 Hardwood

4.1.3 Submittals

1 In accordance with the Project Documentation, provide Shop Drawings and Samples as
specified, or at minimum as follows:

(a) shop Drawings showing detailed finished work such as cabinetry, counters, built-in
furniture requiring shopwork finished carpentry should have large scale shop drawings
provided.
(b) samples of architectural woodwork) with final surface finishing and any
required coatings of paint, varnish, stain or other coatings, at approximate size of 700
x 100 mm.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 3
Part 04: Architectural Timbers

(c) samples of plastic laminate finish on plywood or particle board at size of 300 x 15
mm
(d) certificates indicating preservative treatments or fire retardant
treatment of materials as meets the project requirements.
(e) certificates indicating moisture content of materials as meets the project
requirements.

4.1.4 Product Delivery, Storage and Handling

1 Protect shopwork items from dampness both during and after delivery to site.

2 Store finished shopwork in weathertight well ventilated structures or in space in existing

buildings designated by the Engineer.

3 Do not install finished shopwork in any room or space where concrete, masonry, or plaster

m
work is not completed and dry.

u
rti
4.2 TIMBER MATERIALS (NON-STRUCTURAL FRAMES)

4.2.1 Grading and Marking

so
on
1 Members are to bear the grade mark, stamp, or other identifying marks indicating grades of
materials, and rules or standards under which produced.
C

4.2.2 Sizes
n
ig

1 Size references, unless otherwise specified are nominal sizes, and actual sizes are to be
within manufacturing tolerances allowed by the standard under which the product is
es

produced.
rD

4.2.3 Specific Items

1 Timber for (shopwork), exterior walkways handrails, shelves, handrails, seats, cabinets and
a

other such items is specified in the Project Documentation and drawings.

at
Q

4.2.4 Moisture Content

1 Moisture content of timber and shopwork at the time of delivery to the site should be as
follows:

(a) interior finished timber, trim and shopwork 30 mm or less in thickness, moisture
content to be 12 % minimum on 85 % of the work and a maximum of 15 % on the
remainder.
(b) exterior treated or untreated finished timber 100 mm or less in thickness, moisture
content to be 15 % minimum.

4.2.5 Fire Retardant Treatment

1 Where timber members and plywood are specified to be fire retardant treated, the treatment
is to be in accordance with BS 476.

2 Treatment and performance inspection is to be by an independent and qualified testing

agency.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 4
Part 04: Architectural Timbers

3 Each piece of treated material is to bear the identification of the testing agency and should
indicate performance in accordance with such a rating.

4.2.6 Preservative Treatment

1 All softwood for permanent incorporation in the Works to be treated with preservative to
provide protection against damage from insect larvae, termites and fungal decay. Organic
solvent type preservatives are to contain a water repellant.

2 The preservative treatment is to be applied by pressure impregnation or the double vacuum

process. Dipping, deluging, spraying, brushing or other methods which only provide shallow
protection are not permitted.

3 The treatment is to be carried out under factory conditions at the source of supply of the
timber and the Contractor is to provide a Certificate of Impregnation when required by the
Engineer.

m
4 Treatment is to be carried out after all cutting and shaping has been completed. If

u
subsequent cutting of the timber is unavoidable all freshly exposed surfaces are to receive a

rti
liberal application of the preservative recommended in the relevant treatment specification.
Refer to BS 1282, BS 4072, BS 5268, BS 5589, BS 5666 and BS 5707.

4.2.7 Fixing of Exterior Shopwork so

on
1 Fixing of exterior shopwork:
C

(a) all edges of timber members exposed to weather are to be end grain.
n

(b) all shopwork is to be primed and back painted before fixing.

ig

(c) shopwork is to be nailed, screwed or bolted at each support (blocking).

es

(d) all joints are to be close fitted, mitred, tongue and grooved, rebated or lapped to
exclude water.
rD

2 Edges of members in contact with concrete or masonry are to have a square corner caulking
rebate.
a

3 Staff beads are to have a caulking rebate.

at

4.2.8 Fixing of Interior Shopwork

Q

1 Except where special profiles are shown, trim is to be standard stock molding and all
members to be of the same species. All finished shopwork is to be free from pitch pockets.
Plywood is to be a minimum 12 mm thick, unless otherwise shown or specified.

2 No interior woodwork is to be set until primed and back-painted; or until all concrete, masonry
and plaster in buildings is complete and dry.

3 Interior shopwork which is to receive a transparent finish is to be primed and back-painted

only on surfaces to be concealed. Secure trim with fine finishing nails and with screws and
glue where required. Set nails for putty stopping.

4 All members such as moulding strips, chair rails, and base strips which are less than
4.25 m in length are to be from one piece of timber, back channeled and molded as shown.

5 Interior trim and items of shopwork to be painted may be fabricated from jointed, built-
up, or laminated members, unless otherwise shown on the drawings.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 5
Part 04: Architectural Timbers

4.3 PLYWOOD

4.3.1 Softwood Plywood

1 Softwood plywood is to comply with the relevant provisions of BS EN 635 Part 2.

2 Fire resistant softwood plywood is to meet all requirements for flamespread and smoke
developed when tested in accordance with BS 476.

3 Plywood is to bear the label of the testing agency designating rate of flame spread, fuel
contributed and smoke developed.

4 Each sheet of plywood is to bear the mark of a recognized association or independent

inspection agency that will maintain a continuing control over the quality of the plywood. The
mark is to identify the plywood by species group or identification index, and show the glue
type, grade, and compliance with BS 6566.

m
4.3.2 Hardwood Plywood

u
rti
1 Hardwood plywood is to comply with the relevant provisions of BS EN 635 Part 2.

2 Fire resistant hardwood plywood

so
on
(a) core is to be exterior type softwood plywood; face and back veneer to be untreated;
factory seal planed edges, to prevent loss of fire retardant by the manufacturers
C

(b) plywood panels are to meet all requirements for flamespread, smoke developed and
fuel contributed, when tested in accordance with BS 576
n

(c) each panel is to bear the label of testing agency designating rate of flame spread, fuel
ig

contributed and smoke developed.

es

4.3.3 Marine Plywood

rD

1 Marine plywood shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1088 and BS 4079.

4.4 WOOD PANELING

a
at

4.4.1 General
Q

1 This part specifies requirements for use of board planks or sheet panelling of unfinished or
pre-finished surfaces for use as wall covering, wainscots, or built-in type furniture such as
counter surfaces.

4.4.2 Board Planking

1 Timber type and finish to be applied is to be as specified by the Project Documentation.

2 Unless specified otherwise board planks are to be as follows:

(a) timber stock to be 19 mm thick with each board in one piece floor to ceiling, V-cut as
shown on plans
(b) blind nail each board at each bearing on furring strips.

4.4.3 Wall Sheet Paneling

QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 6
Part 04: Architectural Timbers

1 Use hardwood plywood, premium grade, with unfinished or factory prefinished surface.
Project drawings will specify, thickness and if surface will be vertical V-grove random
planked, or flush grooved.

2 Joints are to be tightly butted and plumb.

3 Panelling is to be laid vertically and blind nailed to wood furring.

4 Wood mouldings are to be solid wood members of the same species as the wall paneling.

5 The Type of finish required on factory prefinished wall panels to be as specified on the
drawings.

4.5 BLOCKBOARD AND LAMINBOARD

m
4.5.1 General Requirements

u
1 Blockboard and laminboard to be free from bow, twist and warp and conform to BS 3444.

rti
2 On 3-ply boards the thickness of the veneers to be a minimum of 2.5 mm and a maximum of
3.6 mm.
so
on
3 Cores are to consist of strips of wood of the same species throughout any one board. In
blockboard the width of each strip is not to be less than 8 mm and not more than 25 mm, and
C

in laminboard it is not to be less 7 mm.

n

4 The strips are to be laid side by side with the grain parallel and run in the longer direction of
ig

the board. The strips may be butted end to end provided there is not gap at the butt and that
the butts in adjacent strips are staggered by at least 150 mm. The strips are to be assembled
es

in such a manner that the finished board is the equivalent of a solid slab free from all voids.
rD

5 The grain of each veneer is to be parallel to that of the corresponding veneer and that of the
veneers next to the core to be at right angles to the direction of the strips in the core.
a

6 Face plies Class 1 and Class 2 finish to be as for plywood except that Class 1 finish veneers
at

may be of one or more pieces. When of more than one piece it is to be well jointed and
Q

matched for colour at the joints. The pieces are to be equal in width subject to a deviation of
± 10% and not less than 250 mm wide.

4.5.2 Fixing Laminated Timber Boards

1 Blockboard and laminboard are to be fixed with the laminations running in the direction of the
longest span.

2 Blockboard and laminboard are not to be used externally.

3 Plywood is not to be installed with exposed edges in external work.

4 The new edges formed by cut-outs in laminated timber boards for sinks, taps and the like are
to be liberally coated with waterproof glue to form a seal.

4.6 LAMINATED PLASTIC SHEET

QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 7
Part 04: Architectural Timbers

4.6.1 General Requirements

1 Laminated Plastic is to comply with BS 2572 and BS 4965.

(a) standard grade: thickness is to be not less than 1.59 mm for horizontal work and 0.08
mm for vertical work
(b) bending grade: thickness is to be not less than 0.60 mm for on site bending to a
radius of 75 mm or less
(c) post formed grade: minimum thickness to be 1.1 mm.

4.6.2 Fixing Laminated Plastics

1 Adhesive to be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and be

approved by the sheet surfacing manufacturer. Adhesives other than a contact type are to
be bonded in presses.

m
2 Where veneers are next to each other they are to be matched both for colour and pattern.

u
rti
3 When not otherwise specified, the Contractor is to apply to the back face a sheet of similar

so
timber veneer the same thickness as the face veneer, ensuring that moisture content of the
veneers is equal.
on
4 When using laminated plastics, a sheet of similar material and thickness to the face sheet is
to be applied to the back face unless otherwise specified. The material to be conditioned
C

before fixing in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

n

5 Edges of laminated plastics are to be chamfered at all external angles. Standard grade is to
ig

be used for flat work and postforming grades for shaped work. The material is to be bonded
es

to chipboard, blockboard or plywood of at least 15 mm thickness.

rD

6 Joints are to be made level by positioning cores splines or dowels and tightened by means of
drawbolts. Joints between postformed sections should be mitred at 45º for accurate
positioning. Vertical joints are to be bevelled to produce a V joint.
a
at

4.7 MISCELLANEOUS WOOD PRODUCTS

Q

4.7.1 Building Board (Handboard)

1 Building board is to comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1142.

4.8 STAIRWORK AND HANDRAILS

4.8.1 Wood Handrails

1 To be installed in one piece and one length when practical. Where rails change slope or
direction, a special or curved section is to be used.

2 Ends of rails are to be returned to the wall.

3 Rails are to be secured with wood screws to metal brackets at approximately 450 mm
centres as detailed in the Project Documentation.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 8
Part 04: Architectural Timbers

4 Wall handrails for stairs are to start on line with the first riser and terminate on line with the
last riser, or as indicated in the project documentation.

5 Joints are permitted only where the rail changes direction or slope, or where necessary for
field erection or shipping. Scarf or dowel all joints to provide smooth and rigid connections.
Glue all joints. Joints are to be fitted to show not more than a hair-line crack.

6 Handrails are to be completely shop fabricated in accordance with approved shop drawings.

7 Brackets for wood handrails are to be cast aluminum with satin polish finish or extruded
aluminum with a mechanical applied medium satin finish or malleable iron castings or as
specified in the project documentation.

8 Anchor brackets as detailed in the drawings. Install brackets within 300 mm of end of
handrails and at evenly spaced intervals between, not exceeding 1500 mm on centres and at

m
intervals between as shown on drawings.

u
END OF PART

rti
so
on
C
n
ig
es
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 1
Part 05: Joinery

5 JOINERY ....................................................................................................... 2

5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................ 2

5.1.1 Scope 2
5.1.2 References 2
5.2 WORKMANSHIP ........................................................................................... 2
5.2.1 Joinery Workmanship 2
5.3 TIMBER DOOR TYPES ................................................................................. 3
5.3.1 Flush Doors 3
5.3.2 Fire Resisting Door Assemblies 4
5.3.3 Hanging Timber Doors 4
5.3.4 Door and Window Frames, Sub-frames and Linings 4

m
5.4 PURPOSE MADE FITTINGS......................................................................... 5

u
rti
5.4.1 General Requirements 5
5.5 ARCHITRAVES, QUADRANTS, BEADS ....................................................... 6
5.5.1 General Requirements so 6
on
5.6 TIMBER SKIRTINGS ..................................................................................... 6
C

5.6.1 General Requirements 6

n
ig
es
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 2
Part 05: Joinery

5 JOINERY

5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1.1 Scope

1 This Part specifies workmanship and special detail construction for doors, windows,
architraves, beads, and timber skirting, and speciality wood flooring of block or parquet strips.

2 Related Sections are as follows:

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 2 Wood Treatment
Part 3 Structural Timber

m
Part 4 Architectural Timber

u
Part 6 Fasteners and Adhesives

rti
Part 7 Ironmongery
5.1.2 References

1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:

so
on
BS 476 ........................Fire tests on building materials and structures
C

BS 729 ........................Hot dip galvanised coatings on iron and steel articles

BS 1186 ......................Quality of timber and workmanship in joinery
n

BS 1202 ......................Nails
ig

BS 1204 ......................Synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and aminoplastic) for wood

es

BS 1210 ......................Wood screws

BS 3794 ......................Decorative laminated plastic sheet
rD

BS 4756 ......................Ready mixed aluminium priming paints for woodwork

BS 5358 ......................Solvent-borne priming paints for woodwork
a
at

5.2 WORKMANSHIP
Q

5.2.1 Joinery Workmanship

1 Timber used for joinery work is to be finished to the sizes indicated in the Project
Documentation and to BS 1186.

2 The joinery to be constructed exactly as shown on the drawings. Where types of joints are
not specifically indicated they are to be recognised forms of joints for each position and shall
be made so as to comply with BS 1186, Part 2.

3 All joints are to be glued and screwed or doweled to BS 1204, BS 1210 or BS 1186 as
applicable.

4 Exposed and semi-concealed joinery is to be planed and sanded to remove all machinery
and other surface defects so that after application of the specified finish imperfections in
manufacture will not be apparent.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 3
Part 05: Joinery

5 Exposed edges and corners are to be sanded off to form a “ pencil rounded” arris.

6 Architraves, cover fillets, skirtings and the like are to be accurately shaped to fit the contour
of any irregular surface against which they are required to form a close connection.

7 Joinery for painting on site is to be primed before delivery to the site to BS 4756, BS 5358.

5.3 TIMBER DOOR TYPES

5.3.1 Flush Doors

1 Minimum door leaf thickness is to be:

(a) internal door 40 mm

(b) external door 45 mm

u m
1 Solid core doors to be comprise of softwood timber battens laminated together with a
minimum 4mm plywood skin. The core laminations softwood are to be a maximum 50 mm

rti
wide and are to be laid alternately to balance stresses.

2 so
Semi-solid core doors are to contain a minimum 50% timber and are to be constructed on the
on
stressed skin principle having a minimum 4 mm plywood skin.

3 Exterior quality doors are to be constructed using Type WBP adhesives and an exterior
C

quality 4 mm plywood skin.

n

4 All facing materials including veneered materials are to be such that the following defects do
ig

not appear on the finished surfaces:

es

(a) lifting at edges

rD

(b) blistering
(c) sinking or raising of the surface due to knots or other defects in the core material
a

(d) ripple effect whereby the construction of the core is seen on the face of the door.
at

(e) to BS 3794
Q

2 Doors are to be hardwood lipped on both horizontal and vertical edges. Lippings to be solid
and measured at least 8 mm on the face of the door. Lippings to doors with a Class 1 finish
are to match the face skin.

5 If the construction of the door is such that the lock, hinges or bolts can only be fitted where
blocks are provided to receive them, the position and extent of the blocks are to be indicated
by a suitable markings on the edge of the door. Where a surface mounted closer or a flush
bolt is specified, blocks shall also be suitably positioned to receive them.

6 Where a flush or mortised door closer is specified a solid timber rail insert minimum 75 mm
wide is to be provided for all door types. Closers are to not be fixed to the end grain of solid
core doors.

7 Openings for glazing or grilles in semi-solid core doors are to be formed with a sub-frame all
round the opening minimum 36 mm wide.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 4
Part 05: Joinery

8 The maximum deviation from a true plane on either face of a door when measured by a
straightedge is to be:

(a) (bow in length : 3 mm

(b) horizontal bow : 2 mm
(c) deviation from the true plane (twist) : 4 mm
(d) the ends of the braces are to be splay notched to the ledges and the ends of the
ledges set back 15 mm from the edges of the door. The direction of the braces should
be upwards from the hanging stile.

5.3.2 Fire Resisting Door Assemblies

1 Half-hour and one-hour fire resisting door assemblies are to have a minimum fire resisting
performance when tested in accordance with BS 476, Part 8 of 30/30 and 60/60 respectively.

m
2 The door and frame of fire resisting door assemblies are to be supplied by the same

u
manufacturer and be installed strictly in accordance with his instructions.

rti
3 A copy of the Test Certificate shall be submitted to the Engineering for each type of door
assembly supplied.
so
on
4 The doors to generally comply with the requirements of Part 5.2.1 and are to have a
minimum 4 mm plywood skin.
C

5 The doors are to be marked on the hanging stile with an appropriate reference indicating the
n

fire resisting performance of the door assembly.

ig

6 Doors are to be fitted with an automatic self-closing device and be hung on a minimum of
es

three hinges, manufactured from non-combustible material having a melting point in excess
of 850ºC. Rising butt hinges are not acceptable as an automatic self-closing device. No
rD

„HOLD OPEN OPTION‟ is permitted unless the magnetic catch is operated by the fire alarm
system.
a

5.3.3 Hanging Timber Doors

at
Q

1 The maximum clearance between frames and door when hung is to be 3 mm.

2 The maximum clearance between an internal door and finished floor level is to be 6 mm
(unless noted to be undercut) and between an external door and threshold or finished floor
level to be 3 mm.

3 External doors and doors exceeding 20 kg in weight are to be hung on three 100 mm x 75
mm hinges as a minimum.

4 Hinges to be stainless steel, aluminium or brass as noted in the project documentation or as

directed by the Engineer and to BS 729 where applicable.

5.3.4 Door and Window Frames, Sub-frames and Linings

1 Frames, sub-frames and linings are collectively referred to as “frames” in this Part.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 5
Part 05: Joinery

2 Frames are to be manufactured with either mortise and tenon or tongued joints so as to be
square and flat.

3 The backs of frames are to be painted with two coats of primer to BS 5358, or BS 4756
before installation.

4 Frames to be fixed plumb, level and securely to prevent deflection or movement.

5 Frames built-in as the surrounding structure is constructed are to be fixed with cramps at
maximum 600 mm centres. One cramp to be located 200 mm from the bottom of the frame
and one 200 mm from the top or at the nearest adjacent bed joint. All cramps are to be
secured to the frame by two screws. Alternative fixing methods are to be approved by the
Engineer and to BS 1202, BS 1204, and BS 1210 as applicable.

6 Frames which are to be built-in are to be temporarily braced sufficient to prevent distortion.

m
7 Frames to previously prepared openings are to be fixed with screw fastenings at maximum

u
450 mm centres. One fastening is to be located 200 mm from the bottom of the frame and

rti
one 200 mm from the top.

8
so
Packing between the frame and reveal to accurately position the frame in a previously
prepared opening is to be hardwood, located only where the fastenings tighten against the
on
reveal.
C

9 Screw fastenings are to extend into the structural reveal by at least 40 mm or the thickness of
the frame excluding any stop, whichever is the greater.
n
ig

10 Door frames which occur in wet areas should not extend below the finished floor level.
es

5.4 PURPOSE MADE FITTINGS

rD

5.4.1 General Requirements

a

1 Fittings to be constructed in accordance with Part 7 and are to be installed plumb and true.
at

2 Critical site dimensions are to be checked before commencing manufacture of the fittings
Q

and no fittings dimension is to be altered without the approval of the Engineer.

3 All surfaces are to be smooth and free from splinters and no parts to have exposed rough or
sharp edges whether on the inside or outside of the fitting.

4 Where a door overlaps the frame or another door the face of the rebate is not to be more
than 1.5 mm from the face of the frame or door at any point.

5 Where a door is fitted into the surrounding framework the clearance between each edge of
the door and the frame or another door should not be more than 1.5 mm.

6 Door hinges or pivots are to be fitted in alignment.

7 Drawers should slide freely and be fitted with runners and guides so that there is no undue
play in any direction which could produce wedging or jamming.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 6
Part 05: Joinery

8 Where a drawer overlaps the frame, the face of the rebate is not to be more than 1.5 mm
from the face of the frame at any point when the drawer is closed.

9 Where a drawer is fitted into the surrounding frame work the clearance around the edge of
the drawer when closed is not to be more than 1.5 mm.

5.5 ARCHITRAVES, QUADRANTS, BEADS

5.5.1 General Requirements

1 Architraves, quadrants, beads and the like are to be in unjointed lengths between angles or
ends of runs. Angle joints to be mitred.

2 Architraves and quadrants should not be installed until after the wall coverings have been
formed or constructed.

m
3 Glazing beads where required are to be wrought splayed and rounded and be neatly mitred

u
and fixed with small brads or lost-head mails.

rti
5.6 TIMBER SKIRTINGS

5.6.1 General Requirements

so
on
1 Skirting are to be fixed with screws at maximum 600 mm centres.
C

2 Angle joints to be mitred. Joints in the running length should be kept to a minimum and where
n

necessary be splayed.
ig
es

END OF PART
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 1
Part 06: Fasteners and Adhesives

6 FASTENERS AND ADHESIVES ................................................................... 2

6.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2

6.1.1 Scope 2
6.1.2 References 2
6.2 FASTENERS ................................................................................................. 2
6.2.1 Nails and Screws 2
6.2.2 Fastenings 2
6.2.3 Pellating 3
6.3 ADHESIVES .................................................................................................. 3
6.3.1 General Requirements 3

m
6.4 ROUGH HARDWARE AND FRAME CRAMPS ............................................. 3

u
6.4.1 General 3

rti
6.4.2 Products 3

so
on
C
n
ig
es
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 2
Part 06: Fasteners and Adhesives

6 FASTENERS AND ADHESIVES

6.1 GENERAL

6.1.1 Scope

1 This part deals with the specification of fasteners and adhesives.

2 Related Sections are as follows:

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 2 Framing furring and blocking
Part 3 Wood doors
Part 4 Architectural timbers

m
Part 5 Joinery

u
6.1.2 References

rti
1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:
so
BS 729 ........................Hot dip galvanised coatings on iron and steel articles.
on
BS 1202 ......................Nails
BS 1204 ......................Synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and aminoplastic) for wood
C

BS 1210 ......................Wood screws

n

6.2 FASTENERS
ig
es

6.2.1 Nails and Screws

rD

1 Nails and screws are to comply with BS 1202, Part 1 and BS 1210 respectively.

6.2.2 Fastenings
a
at

1 Fastenings in external areas are to be sheradised, galvanised or non-ferrous.

Q

2 Nails are not to be less than 25 mm long or 2½ times the thickness of the member through
which the nails are being driven, whichever is the greater.

3 Screws are not be less than 12 mm long or twice the thickness of the member through which
the screws are being driven, whichever is the greater.

4 Regardless of the specified minimum lengths, nails and screws are not to be longer than the
total thickness of the members being joined, less 5 mm.

5 Nail heads should be punched, and screw heads not required to be pellated to be
countersunk, not less than 2 mm below surfaces which will be visible in the finished work, the
holes filled with putty or a proprietary filler and sanded smooth and flush.

6 Plugs for screw fastenings into blockwork or concrete are to be of proprietary manufactured
sized to suit the screw. Wooden plugs will not be permitted.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 3
Part 06: Fasteners and Adhesives

6.2.3 Pellating

1 Screw heads which are to be pellated are to be countersunk 6 mm below the timber surface.
Pellets to be cut from matching timber not less than 6 mm thick, glued in with the grain
matched, planed and sanded off flush with the face.

2 Screw heads are to be pellated where the timber surface is to receive a clear finish.

6.3 ADHESIVES

6.3.1 General Requirements

1 Adhesives used in carpentry and joinery work should be synthetic resin adhesives complying
with BS 1204, Parts 1 and 2 Type WBP for all external work and Type BR for internal work.

m
6.4 ROUGH HARDWARE AND FRAME CRAMPS

u
6.4.1 General

rti
1
so
This Part specifies fasteners and fastening systems used for Structural Timber construction
and within some framing with Architectural woodwork.
on
6.4.2 Products
C

1 Cramps to be mild steel size 2 x 25 x 250 mm girth, galvanised after fabrication to BS 729,
turned up at one end and drilled twice for 3 mm diameter screws and fishtailed at the other
n

end for building in.

ig
es

2 Furnish rough hardware, except nails, with a standard plating, applied after punching, forming
and assembly of parts. Galvanised anchors and bolts (with nuts and washers), straps, and
rD

hangers except bolts may be cadmium plated, or zinc-coated by electro-galvanising process.

Aluminium-alloy nails, plated nails, or zinc-coated nails, for nailing woodwork exposed to
weather are to be used. Bolt heads and nuts bearing on wood should be fitted with washers.
a

For work exposed to the weather, washers of cast iron, or zinc or cadmium coated steel are
at

to be used. Special nails as required for use with ties, anchors, framing connectors, joint
hangers and similar items are to be used in accordance with the item manufacturers
Q

instructions or as directed by the Engineer.

3 Joist Ties: Are to be mild steel flats, 5 mm by 32 mm size with ends bent 30 degrees from
horizontal, and extending at least 40 mm onto the framing. Each end to be punched for three
spikes.

4 Wall anchors for Joists and Rafters: Provide a mild steel strap, 5 mm by 32 mm with wall
ends bent 50 mm, or provide 9.5 mm by 127 mm pin through the strap and build into
masonry. Provide anchors parallel to framing long enough to extend at least 406 mm onto
framing and punch for three spikes. Provide anchors at right angles to framing; long enough
to extend onto three joists or rafters, punched for spiking at each bearing.

END OF PART
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 1
Part 07: Ironmongery

7 IRONMONGERY ........................................................................................... 2

7.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2

7.1.1 Scope 2
7.1.2 References 2
7.2 PRODUCTS ................................................................................................... 2
7.2.1 General 2
7.2.2 Finish 3
7.3 FITTING AND TESTING ................................................................................ 3
7.3.1 General Requirements 3
7.4 STANDARD IRONMONGERY FOR INTERNAL DOORS ............................. 3

m
7.4.1 General Requirements 3

u
7.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC LOCKING SYSTEMS ................................................ 4

rti
7.5.1 Scope 4
7.5.2
7.5.3
Quality Assurance
Submittals so 4
5
on
7.5.4 Delivery and Storage 5
7.5.5 Warranties 5
C

7.5.6 System Description 5

7.5.7 Locking Devices 6
n

7.5.8 Power Supply and Control Unit 7

ig
es
a rD
at
Q
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 2
Part 07: Ironmongery

7 IRONMONGERY
7.1 GENERAL

7.1.1 Scope

1 This Part deals with the specification of ironmongery items.

2 Related Sections are as follows:

Section 1 General
Section 17 Metal Work
Section 21 Electrical Works
7.1.2 References

m
1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:

u
BS 3621 ......................Specification for thief resistant locks

rti
BS 5725 ......................Emergency Exit Devices
BS 6459 ......................Door closers
BS 6462 ......................Casement stays
so
on
BS 7036 ......................CP for powered doors
C

BS 7352 ......................Specification for metal hinges

n

BS EN 60730 ..............Electrically operated door locks

ig

7.2 PRODUCTS
es

7.2.1 General
rD

1 The Contractor is to provide and fix ironmongery required by the Project Documentation
complete, including all necessary screws, bolts, plugs and other fittings. The use of nails for
a

fixing ironmongery will not be permitted. The Contractor to hand over all work in a finished
at

state and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Q

2 All ironmongery is to be of first quality and be obtained form an approved manufacturer. Butt
hinges are to be aluminium alloy, stainless steel or brass as specified with double stainless
steel washers to BS 7352.

3 The Contractor will be required to submit for approval samples of all items of ironmongery
that he proposes to use.

4 All doors are to be provided with an approved floor stop plugged and screwed to the floor or
wall and all opening areas of aluminium work (louvered doors) are to be provided with
appropriate stays (friction type to plant room or service area doors opening out) to BS 6462.
The size, materials, finishes, type and quality of ironmongery will be as described in the
Project Documentation.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 3
Part 07: Ironmongery

7.2.2 Finish

1 The finish of the various items of ironmongery is to be as described in the Project

Specification or shown on the Drawings.

2 Ironmongery not obtainable from the same range and/or manufacturer as the general
ironmongery for the Works is to match the general ironmongery as closely as possible.

3 Ironmongery to metal windows and doors is generally to match the general framing and is to
be supplied and fixed with matching metal fixing screws and bolts and additional plates.

7.3 FITTING AND TESTING

7.3.1 General Requirements

1 All screws used for fixing ironmongery are to be of the correct type, material, finish, size and

m
shape to the approval of the Engineer.

u
2 The hinges on which doors, windows, flyscreen doors, etc., are hung are to be carefully

rti
housed or let into the door, window, flyscreen doors, etc., and to the frames.

3
so
All fittings are to be removed before commencing any painting operations and are to be
refixed in place after all painting works are completed and approved by the Engineer.
on
4 All ironmongery is to be carefully wrapped and protected until the completion of the work and
C

any items or parts which are damaged or defaced or found to be defective are to be replaced
at the Contractor’s expense before handing over.
n

5 On completion of all locks, catches and similar items of ironmongery they are to be properly
ig

cleaned, tested and oiled, and all keys are to be clearly labelled with metal tags
es

approximately 50 x 20 mm and securely fixed to the keys and handed to the Engineer. Thief
resistant locks are to BS 3621.
rD

6 Door closers are to be fitted a maximum of two weeks before handover. Power door closers
are to BS 7036 and other standard closers to BS 6459 as applicable.
a

7 All floor and door springs are to be fully charged with oil and their operation checked to the
at

satisfaction of the Engineer.

Q

8 Hinges are to be fitted in a standard position 250 mm from the top or bottom edge of the door
to the centre of the hinge. Where a third hinge is fitted it is to be located centrally between the
top and bottom hinges.

9 Locks are to be fitted so that the centre of the handle is at height of 1020 mm from the
bottom of the door and to BS 3621 as applicable.

7.4 STANDARD IRONMONGERY FOR INTERNAL DOORS

7.4.1 General Requirements

1 Each door leaf is to be fitted with 1½ pairs of 100 x 75 mm satin anodised aluminium,
stainless steel or brass, double stainless steel washered butts unless otherwise noted in the
Particular Project documentation and drawings.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 4
Part 07: Ironmongery

2 Where a supplier cannot offer the particular required ironmongery the Contractor is to
produce samples of other supplier’s items most nearly matching the general ironmongery
and/or produce alternative ironmongery by the main supplier most closely conforming with
the specification for the approval of the Engineer and to BS 7352.

3 All locks are to be provided with 2 keys on a key ring neatly labelled.

4 ‘Master Key’ locking systems are as stated in the Project Documentation.

5 All knob sets are to include for the appropriate mortise latch or lock with a 70 mm backset
and with standard face-plates and roses unless otherwise noted.

7.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC LOCKING SYSTEMS

7.5.1 Scope

m
1 This Part covers the furnishing and installation of a complete low-voltage electromagnetic

u
locking device door control and monitoring system. Specified for all new or existing exterior

rti
doors as designated on drawings by a hardware set number.

2
so
Supply and install all electric hardware devices, mounting brackets, power supplies, switches
and controls, monitoring console and other components of the system as specified and to BS
on
7036.
C

3 Supply templates, wiring diagrams and installation instructions necessary for the co-
ordination of the work and for proper installation, connection and operation of the system.
n
ig

4 Provide all outlets, junction boxes, conduit, connectors, wiring, and other accessories
necessary to complete the system installation. Requirements to be in accordance with
es

Section 21, Electrical Works.

rD

5 Requirements for conduit, wiring, devices, boxes and other items required to provide line
current (110V-AC to 125V-AC) to refer Section 21, Electrical Works.
a
at

7.5.2 Quality Assurance

Q

1 Manufacturer's Qualifications: Approval of the Engineer is required for products or services

of proposed manufacturer, supplier and installer and will be based upon the following criteria:

(a) Locking devices, power supplies, controls and monitoring system to be products of a
single manufacturer regularly and currently engaged in production of electromagnetic
security locking systems.
(b) The manufacturer's products to have been in satisfactory operation on at least three
similar installations for not less than three years..
(c) The installer to be a permanent organisation approved by the manufacturers, having
facilities and employing trained personnel with technical qualifications and experience
to prepare the installation, to install the required system and to provide periodic
maintenance. The installer is to maintain a parts inventory and employ trained
personnel at a location within a 100 mile radius of the project. The installer should
have been installing security systems for a period of not less than three years.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 5
Part 07: Ironmongery

2 Door and frame components, including locking device, are to have been tested by an
approved independent testing laboratory.

7.5.3 Submittals

1 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to furnish

manufacturer's literature and product data including, but not limited to the following:

(a) complete descriptive data and details for each component, including dimensions,
finishes, wiring diagrams, test reports, operation, and installation instructions.
(b) details for the complete system, including colour-coded wiring diagrams, interface with
other systems, specific locations of all concealed components, operation, maintenance
procedures, and information concerning requirements not included in printed data.

7.5.4 Delivery and Storage

m
1 Components of the system are to be delivered to the job site in their original cartons, labelled

u
with complete information for identification and containing installation instructions, screws

rti
and mounting accessories.

2
so
Store equipment in a dry storage facility and in an orderly manner, protected from the
damage by weather and construction operations.
on
7.5.5 Warranties
C

1 A written manufacturers warranty for a period of not less than five years from the date of final
n

acceptance against manufacturing defects in principal components of the system, including

ig

the control console, electromagnetic locks and power-control units to be provided.

Components under warranty which prove to be defective are to be satisfactorily repaired or
es

replaced without additional cost to the Client.

rD

2 A written service contract for a period of two years from the date of final acceptance providing
for periodic inspection and call-back service and prompt adjustment, repair or replacement of
a

malfunctioning components without additional cost to the Client is to be provided.

at

7.5.6 System Description

Q

1 The locking system is to be a "fail-safe open" system so that all doors will fail unlocked in the
event of a power failure. The electromagnetic locking system should not be connected to the
emergency power supply.

2 Electromagnetic locks are to release immediately (authorised exit) if one of the following
occurs, without setting off alarms.

(a) fire alarm is activated by sprinkler system

(b) power fails
(c) key operated switch is activated
(d) console release switch is activated
(e) other authorised release is activate
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 6
Part 07: Ironmongery

3 Electromagnetic locks are to release after 30 seconds (field adjustable 10 to 30 seconds)

unauthorised exit but immediately notify central console if one of the following occurs and
shall set off local alarms:

(a) exit device push bar is activated

(b) push plate operator is activated
(c) pull station operator is activated
(d) other unauthorised release is activated

4 Electromagnetic locks are to be controlled by time devices and be wired through

the console to allow locks to be unlocked or locked as required during certain time of day.
Field programmable time clocks are to be provided so that each exit can be individually
controlled.

m
5 Each lock is to be wired through a separate power supply and be controlled and monitored by
a central control console and additionally monitored by a second console.

u
rti
6 The lock control wiring is to be supervised so that any break between lock and console will
cause a notice at the console.

7 so
Manual Doors: Pushing on the cross bar of either exit device shall activate an irreversible 30
on
second time delay device (field adjustable 10 to 30 seconds) and set of an alarm (unless
authorised exit device has been activated first in which case the alarm will not sound), and in
C

30 seconds electromagnet will release and allow the door to open in accordance with BS
5725.
n
ig

8 Automatic Doors: A push plate wall switch or other method to operate automatic doors
should to conform to BS EN 60730 Section 2.12, and wired through a 30 second time delay
es

(field adjustable 10 to 30 seconds) so that the switch will not open the doors until the delay
release of electromagnet has occurred. When the electromagnet is deenergised, normal
rD

switches to operate the automatic doors will be operable.

a

9 An Exit device is to be installed on each exterior door equipped with an electromagnetic lock
to accomplish activation of 30 second time delay.
at
Q

7.5.7 Locking Devices

1 Locks are to be electromagnetic type, without a mechanical linkage utilising no moving parts,
and securing the door to its frame solely by electromagnetic force. For a pair of swinging
doors, the two electromagnetic devices are to be mounted in a common housing. For
bi-parting sliding doors the unit is to be designed with an electromagnetic component
mounted in stile of one leaf and the armature in the other.

2 The lock are to have an internal, replaceable voltage kick-back protection.

3 A door status switch, single pole double throw adjustable for sensitivity, is to be semi or fully
concealed within the lock housing to prevent tampering and attempts to defeat the system.

4 The door-mounted armature is to have provisions for adjusting alignment to compensate for
normal door wear and tear.
QCS 2014 Section 18: Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery Page 7
Part 07: Ironmongery

7.5.8 Power Supply and Control Unit

1 The power supply-control unit is to power and control the electromagnetic lock. One unit to
be provided for each entrance and be capable of supplying and controlling a pair of doors. If
located more than 12 m from the lock, the wire size will be increased for the additional
voltage drop.

2 The unit will have provisions for interfacing with a panic hardware exit switch.

END OF PART

u m
rti
so
on
C
n
ig
es
a rD
at
Q