VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Department: Industrial Eng. & Operations Manag. and Mechanical Eng.
Qualification: Diploma in Mechanical Engineering
Subject: Mechanics of Machines III
Evaluation: Assignment tutorial 3 Spur Gearing and Grear Trains

Question 1

Two equal gear wheels of 360 mm pitch circle diameter and 6 module are in mesh. The teeth are of involute form, with a pressure
angle of 20°.

a) Calculate the maximum addendum required if there are always to be at least two pairs of teeth in contact.
b) If the gear wheels rotate at 120 r/min and 7 kW is being transmitted, calculate the normal force between the teeth,
assuming that the total force is divided equally between the two pairs of teeth.
c) Calculate the maximum sliding velocity between the teeth when the gear wheels rotate at 120 r/min.
(6,8 mm; 1,647 kN; 0,445 m/s]

Question 2

Two gear wheels of diameters 75 mm and 250 mm have involute teeth of 5 mm module. The pressure angle is 20°. The addendum
is the same for each wheel and as large as possible while avoiding interference.

Calculate:

a) the length of the addendum;

b) the contact ratio;
c) the sliding velocity at the first point of contact when the smaller wheel is driving at 2000 r/min;
d) the maximum and minimum normal force between the pairs of teeth, when the force is shared uniformly between those
pairs in contact, and the smaller wheel is transmitting 8 kW at 2000 r/min.
[4,947 mm; 1,6; 3,49 m/s; 1,084 kN; 542 N]

Question 3

A wheel and pinion with involute teeth and a module of 5 mesh with one another. The addendum of the teeth is one module. The
pressure angle is 20° and the gear ratio is 2 to 1.

a) Calculate the number of teeth in each gear so that interference is just avoided.
b) Calculate the contact ratio.
[15; 30, 1,567]

Question 4

Two involute gear wheels operate with a pressure angle of 20° and rotate in opposite directions. The smaller wheel has 30 teeth
of a 6 mm module and runs at 2200 r/min. The larger wheel has 90 teeth and is the driven member. The contact ratio is 1,6 and
the arc of recess is 1,4 times as large as the arc of approach.

Calculate:

a) the addenda of the teeth on both wheels;

b) the greatest speed of sliding between the teeth;
c) the center distance of the gears.
[4,26 mm; 6,91 mm; 5,078 mis; 360 mm]
Question 6.1

Determine the minimum number of teeth required on a pinion, in order to avoid interference which is to gear with,

a) a wheel to give a gear ratio of 3 to 1 ; and

b) an equal wheel.

The pressure angle is 20° and a standard addendum of 1 module for the wheel may be assumed.

Question 6.2

Two involute gears of 20° pressure angle are in mesh. The number of teeth on pinion is 20 and the gear ratio is 2. If the pitch
expressed in the module is 5 mm and the pitch line speed is 1.2 m/s, assuming the addendum is standard and equal to one module,

find :
a) The angle turned through by pinion when one pair of teeth is in mesh; and
b) The maximum velocity of sliding.

Question 7

Two gear wheels mesh externally and are to give a velocity ratio of 3 to 1. The teeth are of involute form; module = 6 mm,
addendum = one module, pressure angle = 20°. The pinion rotates at 90 r.p.m.

Determine :
a) The number of teeth on the pinion to avoid interference on it and the corresponding number of teeth on the wheel,
b) The length of path and arc of contact,
c) The number of pairs of teeth in contact, and
d) The maximum velocity of sliding.

Question 8

A pair of involute spur gears with 16° pressure angle and pitch of module 6 mm is in mesh. The number of teeth on pinion is 16
and its rotational speed is 240 r.p.m. When the gear ratio is 1.75,

find in order that the interference is just avoided ;

a) the addenda on pinion and gear wheel ;
b) the length of path of contact ; and
c) the maximum velocity of sliding of teeth on either side of the pitch point.

Problem 1

Two gear wheels mesh externally and are to give a velocity ratio of 3. The teeth are of involute form of module 6. The standard
addendum is 1 module. If the pressure angle is 18° and pinion rotates at 90 r.p.m.,
find :

a) the number of teeth on each wheel, so that the interference is just avoided,
b) the length of the path of contact, and 3. the maximum velocity of sliding between the teeth.
[Ans. 19, 57 ; 31.5 mm ; 213.7 mm/s]
 Gear trains
Question 1

In an epicyclic gear train, the internal wheels A and B and compound wheels C and D rotate independently about axis O. The
wheels E and F rotate on pins fixed to the arm G. E gears with A and C and F gears with B and D. All the wheels have the same
module and the number of teeth are : TC = 28; TD = 26; TE = TF = 18. Refer to Figure Q1

a) Find the number of teeth on A and B ;

b) If the arm G makes 100 r.p.m. clockwise and A is fixed, find the speed of B ; and
c) If the arm G makes 100 r.p.m. clockwise and wheel A makes 10 r.p.m. counter clockwise ; find the speed of wheel B.

Figure Q1

Question 2

In an epicyclic gear of the ‘sun and planet’ type shown in Figure Q2, the pitch circle diameter of the internally toothed ring is to
be 224 mm and the module 4 mm. When the ring D is stationary, the spider A, which carries three planet wheels C of equal size,
is to make one revolution in the same sense as the sun wheel B for every five revolutions of the driving spindle carrying the sun
wheel B.
Determine suitable numbers of teeth for all the wheels.

Figure Q2

Question 3

Two shafts A and B are co-axial. A gear C (50 teeth) is rigidly mounted on shaft A. A compound gear D-E gears with C and an
internal gear G. D has 20 teeth and gears with C and E has 35 teeth and gears with an internal gear G. The gear G is fixed and is
concentric with the shaft axis. The compound gear D-E is mounted on a pin which projects from an Arm keyed to the shaft B.
Sketch the arrangement and find the number of teeth on internal gear G assuming that all gears have the same module.
If the shaft A rotates at 110 r.p.m., find the speed of shaft B.
Problem 1

A shaft Y is driven by a co-axial shaft X by means of an epicyclic gear train, as shown in Figure P1. The wheel A is keyed to X
and E to Y . The wheels B and D are compound and carried on an arm F which can turn freely on the common axes of X and Y .
The wheel C is fixed. If the numbers of teeth on A , B, C, D and E are respectively 20, 64, 80, 30 and 50 and the shaft X makes
600 r.p.m., determine the speed in r.p.m. and sense of rotation of the shaft Y .
[Ans. 30 r.p.m. in the same sense as shaft X]

Figure P1

Question 4

Figure Q4 shows diagrammatically a compound epicyclic gear train. Wheels A , D and E are free to rotate independently on
spindle O, while B and C are compound and rotate together on spindle P, on the end of arm OP. All the teeth on different wheels
have the same module. A has 12 teeth, B has 30 teeth and C has 14 teeth cut externally. Find the number of teeth on wheels D
and E which are cut internally. If the wheel A is driven clockwise at 1 r.p.s. while D is driven counterclockwise at 5 r.p.s.,
determine the magnitude and direction of the angular velocities of arm OP and wheel E.

Figure Q4