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SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)

KOVAIPUDUR, COIMBATORE 641042

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Online Railway Reservation System

A Mini Project Report

(Subject: 22CS402 Object Oriented Analysis and Design Laboratory)

Submitted by

ABINAYA K 727822TUCS003

ABITHA M 727822TUCS008

BLESSY CYNTHIYA M 727822TUCS024

BRINDHA S 727822TUCS025

HARINI S 727822TUCS047
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ABSTRACT

This mini project presents the design and implementation of an Online

Railway Reservation System (ORRS) using Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
(OOAD) principles. The system is developed to provide a comprehensive platform for
users to efficiently manage ticket bookings and other related functionalities for train
journeys. The key functionalities include searching for trains, booking tickets, cancelling
reservations, and checking the status of booked tickets. This system aims to enhance the
user experience by offering a seamless and efficient interface for managing railway
reservations. The project is structured using various UML (Unified Modelling Language)
diagrams created in Argo UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence
diagrams, and component diagrams. These diagrams provide a detailed blueprint of the
system's architecture and workflow, ensuring a clear understanding of the interactions
between different components and the overall functionality. The component diagram
specifically illustrates the high-level structure of the ORRS, showcasing the various
software components involved, their interconnections, and dependencies. This diagram
serves as a vital reference for developers to comprehend the modular design of the system,
facilitating easier maintenance and scalability. The OOAD approach ensures that the
system is modular, reusable, and adaptable to future changes. The use of UML diagrams
helps in visualizing the system's components and their interactions, promoting a better
design and implementation process. The ORRS project demonstrates the effective
application of OOAD principles in developing a practical and user-friendly railway
reservation system. By utilizing this portal, users can experience a streamlined process
for booking and managing train tickets, significantly reducing the effort and time required
compared to traditional methods. The project not only serves as an educational tool for
understanding OOAD but also offers a potential real-world application in improving
railway reservation systems.
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INTRODUCTION
In an era characterized by rapid digital transformation, the need for
seamless and efficient online services has become paramount across various industries.
One such critical sector is the railway industry, which serves as a lifeline for transportation
in many countries. Recognizing the importance of enhancing user experience and
operational efficiency within the railway sector, the Online Railway Reservation System
project endeavors to develop a sophisticated platform for booking train tickets and
managing related services seamlessly.

The project aims to leverage modern technology to streamline the process

of train ticket booking, catering to the evolving needs of passengers and railway
authorities alike. Through meticulous analysis and design, this project seeks to create a
robust system that not only meets the current demands of users but also sets the stage for
future enhancements and scalability.

By adopting Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) principles,

the project emphasizes modularity, reusability, and maintainability in its approach. This
ensures that the developed system is not only efficient but also adaptable to changing
requirements and technological advancements in the future.

Utilizing Argo UML, a powerful tool for creating comprehensive

component diagrams, the project aims to visualize the system architecture in a structured
and clear manner. This facilitates effective communication among project stakeholders
and provides a roadmap for the development and integration of system components.

At its core, the Online Railway Reservation System project is driven by

the goal of enhancing user experience through innovation and technology. By providing
users with an intuitive and efficient platform for booking train tickets and accessing other
railway services, the project aims to contribute to the modernization and digitization of
the railway industry, ultimately benefiting both passengers and railway authorities alike.
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EXISTING METHOD

Before developing the Online Railway Reservation System, it's vital to grasp the
limitations of existing systems. Current methods are manual, time-consuming, and error-
prone, requiring passengers to physically visit stations or ticket counters. This leads to
long queues, particularly during peak seasons, causing inconvenience.

2.1 Manual Ticket Booking Process

Users visit railway stations or ticket counters, facing long queues,

especially during peak seasons. At the counter, they convey travel preferences to agents
who manually check train availability. Agents manually issue tickets, recording
passenger details by hand. Payments are mainly made in cash or through limited methods.
This manual process is time-consuming and error-prone, prompting the need for a more
efficient online reservation system.

2.2 Limited Access to Information

Users face challenges accessing accurate train schedules, routes, and seat
availability, hindering effective journey planning. Modifying bookings or cancelling
tickets requires additional visits to ticket counters, causing inconvenience and wasted
time. Addressing ticket-related queries often involves inefficient phone-based customer
support. These challenges highlight the necessity for an enhanced online reservation
system offering seamless access to information and efficient support services.

2.3 Booking Management and Refund Process

Users often need to adjust their travel plans due to various reasons,
requiring modifications to their existing bookings or cancellation requests. However,
navigating through the refund policies and administrative processes set by railway
authorities can be cumbersome and time-consuming. Users may face challenges in
obtaining timely updates on the status of their refund requests, leading to frustration and
uncertainty. Simplifying these processes and enhancing communication channels are
essential for improving user experience within the railway reservation system.
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PROPOSED METHOD
The proposed Online Railway Reservation System aims to revolutionize the
ticket booking process, offering users a seamless and efficient platform for planning their
train journeys. Leveraging modern technology, the system eliminates the need for physical
visits to ticket counters, providing users with convenient access to train schedules, seat
availability, and booking services from the comfort of their homes.

3.1 User Registration and Ticket Booking:

When a user registers and plans to book a train ticket, they navigate to the
system's website or app, create an account, and log in. They search for trains based on
travel details, and the system displays available options. After selecting their preferences,
the user confirms the booking details, proceeds to payment, and receives a confirmation
with e-ticket details.

3.2 User Registration and Ticket Booking:

When users need to modify an existing booking or cancel a ticket, they log
into the system and access the "My Bookings" section. Here, they select the specific
booking they want to modify or cancel. For modifications, users choose options like
changing travel dates or seats, and the system updates availability and details accordingly.
After confirming the modification, users proceed with the changes. If cancelling, users
select the cancellation option, and the system prompts confirmation, displaying refund
details if applicable. Upon confirmation, the system processes the modifications or
cancellation, updating the booking status accordingly.

3.3 Customer Support and Query Resolution:

When a user needs assistance or faces an issue, they access the system's
"Help" or "Support" section. They can browse FAQs for relevant information. If the issue
persists, they submit a support request via the system's interface, receiving a ticket number
upon submission. Support staff review and respond within a specified time frame. Further
assistance, if needed, can be provided through live chat or call. Upon resolution, the
system updates the ticket status and notifies the user, ensuring efficient query resolution.
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IMPLEMENTATION

The below is the sample code of the main page which is implemented in creating
a React JS based railway reservation portal and below of that are the attached
screenshots which were implemented and executing.
4.1 Coding:
import { useState } from "react";
import axios from "axios";
import { Link, useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";
import styles from "./styles.module.css";

const Dashboard= () => {

const navigate = useNavigate();
const [data, setData] = useState({
firstName: "",
lastName: "",
email: "",
password: "",
});
const [error, setError] = useState("");

const handleChange = ({ target }) => {

setData({ ...data, [target.name]: target.value });
};
const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
try {
const response = await axios.post("http://localhost:8000/signup", data);
console.log(response.data);
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navigate("/"); } catch (error) {

if (error.response && error.response.status >= 400 && error.response.status <=
500) {
setError(error.response.data.message);} } };
return (
<div className={styles.signup_container}>
<div className={styles.signup_form_container}>
<div className={styles.left}>
<h1 style={{color:"skyblue"}}>WELCOME TO SKITRAIN</h1>
<br></div>
<div className={styles.right}>
<form className={styles.form_container} onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
<h1>CREATE ACCOUNT</h1>
<input
type="text"
placeholder="First Name"
name="firstName"
onChange={handleChange}
value={data.firstName}
required
className={styles.input}/>
<input
type="text"
placeholder="Last Name"
name="lastName"
onChange={handleChange}
value={data.lastName}
required
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className={styles.input}/>
<input
type="email"
placeholder="Email"
name="email"
onChange={handleChange}
value={data.email}
required
className={styles.input}/>
<input
type="password"
placeholder="Password"
name="password"
onChange={handleChange}
value={data.password} required
className={styles.input}/>
{error && <div className={styles.error_msg}>{error}</div>}
<Link to="/about">
<button type="submit" className={styles.green_btn}>Sign Up</button>
</Link>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>);
};
export default Dashboard;
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Result Screenshots

Fig 1 Log In Page

Fig 2 Search Train

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Fig 3 Booking Seats

Fig 4 Payment Page

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the implementation of the Online Railway Reservation

System, utilizing Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) principles, marks a
significant advancement in the efficiency and convenience of railway ticket booking
processes. By streamlining the user experience through intuitive interfaces and automated
functionalities, the system eliminates the need for manual interventions and physical visits
to ticket counters. Through careful consideration of user requirements and iterative design
processes, the system ensures modularity, scalability, and maintainability, paving the way
for future enhancements and expansions. The use of OOAD methodologies, coupled with
comprehensive component diagrams developed in tools like Argo UML, facilitates a
structured and clear design approach, ensuring the robustness and reliability of the system
architecture. Overall, the Online Railway Reservation System not only meets the
immediate needs of users by simplifying ticket booking, modification, and cancellation
processes but also sets the stage for continued innovation and improvement in railway
service delivery.
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REFERENCES

1. IRCTC Next Generation eTicketing System

2. Eiffel Tower Tickets | Summit Access & Skip the Line Entry (eiffeltickets.com)

3. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/object_oriented_analysis_design/

4. https://legacy.reactjs.org/community/courses.html