CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

 0 Conditional & First Conditional:

 Unless = if (not)

We can also use unless in conditional sentences to mean if … (not)

- I won’t go on holiday unless I save some money.

- = I won’t go on holiday if I don’t save some money.

 In case

We use in case to talk about the possibility of something happening. After in case we
also use present to talk about the future.

- I’ll take my umbrella in case it rains. (=maybe it will rain)

But the meaning of in case is different from if

. Compare:

- I’ll take my umbrella in case it rains. (=I’ll take my umbrella if it rains and I’ll
take my umbrella if it doesn’t rain)
- I’ll take my umbrella if it rains. (=I’ll take my umbrella if it rains but I won’t
take my umbrella if it doesn’t rain)

 Future time Clauses:

 With present perfect

We can often use the present perfect after the time word. The meaning is similar to
using the present simple, but with the present perfect we emphasise that the action
will be completed.

- I’ll go to bed as soon as I have finished my homework.

- I won’t leave until you have arrived.

1I will lock the door when I go to bed.

Correct answer: before

➪ This is a future time clause. We use the present simple to talk about the
future.
➪ You could also use the preposition when, but you need it in question number
4.

2They're taking umbrellas in case it rains.

➪ We use in case to talk about the possibility of something happening. They

are taking umbrellas because it might rain.

3Sarah will work from home tomorrow if her boss needs her in the office.

Correct answer: unless

➪ We can also use unless in conditional sentences to mean if … (not)
➪ = Sarah will work from home tomorrow if her boss does not need her in the
office.

4I'll call you when I land in Zurich.

➪ This is a future time clause. We use the present simple to talk about the
future.
➪ You could also use the preposition after, but you need it in question number
5.

5Do you want to grab something to eat before the film? It's a long film and

we'll be hungry when we get out of the cinema.

Correct answer: after

➪ This is a future time clause. We use the present simple to talk about the
future.

6I'll make a cake if I have time.

➪ This is a first conditional sentence.
➪ We use if + present in the if-clause and future in the main clause.

7We'll take sandwiches in case we get hungry.

➪ We use in case to talk about the possibility of something happening. We'll

take sandwiches because we might get hungry.

8They'll be in the park until it gets dark.

➪ This is a future time clause. We use the present simple to talk about the
future

1We can leave when you __________ dinner. Choose TWO correct options

 a. will finish
 b. have finishedcorrect
 c. finishcorrect

➪ We can often use the present perfect after the time word in a future time
clause.
➪ The meaning is similar to using the present simple, but with the present
perfect we emphasise that the action will be completed.

2When you cross that door, I __________ my homework.

 a. will have finishedcorrect

 b. finish
 c. have finished

➪ As it happens with the first conditional, in future time clauses we use

the present tense in the time clause, and any type of future in the main
clause.
➪ In this case, we use the future perfect because we are talking about an
action that will be completed before certain time in the future.

3When you arrive, we __________ in the garden.

 a. play
 b. are playing
 c. will be playingcorrect

➪ As it happens with the first conditional, in future time clauses we use

the present tense in the time clause, and any type of future in the main
clause.
➪ In this case, we use the future continuous because we are talking about an
action that will be in progress at a certain time in the future.
4I’ll send you the composition as soon as I __________ it. Choose TWO

correct options

 a. will finish
 b. Finishcorrect
 c. have finishedcorrect

➪ We can often use the present perfect after the time word in a future time
clause.
➪ The meaning is similar to using the present simple, but with the present
perfect we emphasise that the action will be completed.

5If you feel tired tomorrow, you __________ enough sleep.

 a. won't have hadcorrect

 b. haven't had
 c. aren't going to have

➪ In a first conditional sentence, we use the present tense in the time clause,
and any type of future in the main clause.
➪ In this case, we use the future perfect because we are talking about an
action that will be completed before certain time in the future.

6You can't watch TV until you __________ your beans.

 a. have eatencorrect
 b. will eat
 c. will have eaten

➪ We can often use the present perfect after the time word in a future time
clause.
➪ The meaning is similar to using the present simple, but with the present
perfect we emphasise that the action will be completed.

7You shouldn't sign the contract unless you __________ it carefully.

 a. will have read

 b. have read correct
 c. will read

➪ This is a first conditional sentence in which we use unless instead of if.

➪ In a first conditional sentence, we use any type of present in the if clause,
and future, imperative or a modal verb in the main clause.
➪ In this case, we use the present perfect in the main clause, although we
could also use the present simple with little difference in meaning.

8When you __________ the test, I will be praying for you.

  a. startcorrect
 b. will start
 c. are going to start

➪ As it happens with the first conditional, in future time clauses we use

the present tensein the time clause, and any type of future in the main
clause.
➪ After when, as soon as, until, once, before, after, while we use the
present to talk about the future.

9I'll be there for you if you __________ me.

 a. needcorrect
 b. will need
 c. will be needing

➪ In a first conditional sentence, we use the present in the if clause to talk

about the future.

10If he __________ when you arrive, please be quiet.

 a. will sleep
 b. is sleepingcorrect
 c. will be sleeping

➪ This is a first conditional sentence, and in the if clause of a conditional

sentence we can use any type of present.
➪ We use the present continuous in this case because we are talking about an
action in progress.

1Next year, when I work (work) here for two years, I’ll ask for a rise.
Correct answer: have worked/have been working
➪ After when, as soon as, until, once, before, after, while we use the
present (simple, continuous or perfect) to talk about the future.
➪ In this sentence, we need to use the present perfect because we are talking
about duration with for.

2As soon as I hear from him, I will let (let) you know.
➪ As it happens with the first conditional, in future time clauses, we use
the present tensein the time clause, and future in the main clause.

3I've studied a lot for this exam. If I fail it, I didn’t study (study) a lot for

nothing.
Correct answer: will have studied
➪ This is a first conditional sentence. We use the present tense in
the if clause, and any type of future in the main clause.
➪ In this sentence, we use the future perfect because we are talking about an
action that will be completed at a certain time in the future.

4I’ll be ready as soon as you are (be).

➪ As it happens with the first conditional, in future time clauses, we use
the present tensein the future time clause, and future in the main clause.

5I won’t stop asking you to be my wife until you will be (be) my wife.
Correct answer: are
➪ After when, as soon as, until, once, before, after, while we use the
present (simple, continuous or perfect) to talk about the future.

6Once the summer is (be) here, the garden will look so beautiful!
➪ After when, as soon as, until, once, before, after, while we use the
present (simple, continuous or perfect) to talk about the future.

7If he will have (have) a meeting when you arrive (arrive), wait outside.
Correct answer: is having / arrive
➪ In the first conditional, or in future time clauses, we use present simple,
continuous or perfect in the if clause or the future time clause, and future,
imperative, or a modal verb in the main clause.
➪ This is a first conditional sentence, with a future time sentence in it. So in
the if clause, and in the future time clause, we use the present (continuous
and simple), and we use an imperative in the main clause.

8A: I'm sorry, but George is at a meeting. B. No problem, I am waiting (wait)

here until the meeting have been (be) over.

Correct answer: will wait / is
➪ As it happens with the first conditional, in future time clauses, we use
the present tense in the time clause, and future in the main clause.

9You shouldn't eat this cheese if you try (try) to lose weight.
Correct answer: are trying
➪ This is a first conditional sentence, and in the if clause of a conditional
sentence we can use any type of present.
➪ We use the present continuous in this case because we are talking about an
action in progress.

10I'm sure your sister will understand (understand) if you don't go to the

party.
➪ In a first conditional sentence, we use a future tense in the main clause. In
this case, we use will because it's a prediction.
Second Conditional (Under construction)
Third Conditional (Under Construction)