NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-1 Practice
Functions

Determine whether each relation is a function. Explain.

1. {(4,
5), (0,
9), (1, 0), (7, 0)} 2. {(5,
12), (
1,
2), (8,
5), (4,
2), (3,
5)}

Yes; each x value is paired with Yes; each x value is paired with
only one y value. only one y value.
3. {(
2,
3), (6,
8), (4, 2), (6,
5), (2,
5)} 4. {(5, 2), (
2, 15), (
7, 15), (1, 5), (4, 15), (
7, 2)}

Lesson 8-1
No; 6 in the domain is paired with No;
7 in the domain is paired

8 and
5 in the range. with 15 and 2 in the range.
5. xx 4
5 11
5 23
6. xx 7 14 11
10
1

yy
3 1 1 0 6 yy
3
9
4
3 15

No;
5 in the domain is paired Yes; each x value is paired with

with 1 and 0 in the range. only one y value.
7. xx
3.0 3.5 4.1
3.0 3.4
8. xx 11 4
2 4
7

yy 4.2 3.7
3.8 3.7 4.0 yy
7
2 2 2 6

No;
3.0 in the domain is paired No; 4 in the domain is paired with
with 4.2 and 3.7 in the range.
2 and 2 in the range.

EMPLOYMENT For Exercises 9–12, use the Employed Members of Labor Force
table, which shows the percent of employed
men and women in the U.S. labor force Men Women
every five years from 1980 to 2000. Year (% of male (% of female
9. Is the relation (year, percent of men) a population) population)
function? Explain. Yes; each year is 1980 77.4 51.5
paired with only one value for the
percent of employed men. 1985 76.3 54.5

10. Describe how the percent of employed 1990 76.4 57.5

men is related to the year. The number
1995 75.0 58.9
of employed men varies each year,
but is around 76 percent of the 2000 78.9 67.3
male population. Source: U.S. Census Bureau

11. Is the relation (year, percent of women) a function? Explain. Yes; each year is
paired with only one value for the percent of employed women.
12. Describe how the percent of employed women is related to the year. As the years
progress, the percent of employed women increases.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 419 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-2 Practice
Linear Equations in Two Variables

Find four solutions of each equation. Write the solutions as ordered pairs.
1–6. Sample answers are given.
1. y  x
5 2. y 
7 3. y 
3x  1
(
1,
6), (0,
5), (
1,
7), (0,
7), (
1, 4), (0, 1),
(1,
4), (2,
3) (1,
7), (2,
7) (1,
2), (2,
5)
4. x
y  6 5. y  2x  4 6. 7x
y  14
(
1,
7), (0,
6), (
1, 2), (0, 4), (
1,
21), (0,
14),
(1,
5), (2,
4) (1, 6), (2, 8) (1,
7), (2, 0)

Graph each equation by plotting ordered pairs.

7. y  2x
1 8. y 
6x  2 9. y  x  4
y y y
6 y 6x + 2 y x +4
4
2
O
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x
2
O x
4
y 2x – 1 O x
6
8
10

1
10. y  7 11. y  3x
9 12. y  x
6
2
y y y
10 6 8
8 4 6
6 2 4
y 7 O
4 2
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x O x
2 2
O 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8
4 2
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x 4
2 6 y 3x – 9
4 8 6 1
8 y x–6
6 10 2

COOKING For Exercises 13–15, use the following information.

Kirsten is making gingerbread cookies using her grandmother’s recipe and needs to convert
grams to ounces. The equation y  0.04x describes the approximate
number of ounces y in x grams.
y
13. Find three ordered pairs of values that satisfy this equation. 8
Sample answer: (100, 4), (200, 8), (300, 12) 7
6
Ounces

14. Draw the graph that contains these points. 5

4
15. Do negative values of x make sense in this case? Explain. 3
2
No; a recipe cannot contain a negative number 1
of grams of an ingredient. O 100 200 300 400 x
Grams

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 424 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-3 Practice
Graphing Linear Equations Using Intercepts

Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept for the graph of each equation.

1. y  2x
2 2. y  4  0 3. y  3x  9

1,
2 none,
4
3, 9
4. 6x  12y  24 5. 5x
3y  15 6.
x
7  0

4, 2 3,
5
7, none

Graph each equation using the x- and y-intercepts.

7. y  x
7 8. y 
x  5 9. y  2x
4
y y y
8 8
6
(0, 5) 6 y x+ 5
4 y x 7 4
2 2
O (7, 0) O (5, 0) (2, 0)
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x O x
2 2
4 4
6 6
(0, 7) (0, 4) y 2x – 4
8 8

1
10. y 
x
1 11. 5x  2y  10 12. x  2
7
y y y
8 8
y – 5x + 5

Lesson 8-3
6 (0, 5) 6 2
x 2
4 4
( 7, 0) 2 2
O O (2, 0) (2, 0)
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x O x
2 2
(0, 1) 4
4 y – 1x – 1
6 7 6
8 8

13. SAVINGS Rashid’s grandparents started a savings y

18
account for him, contributing $1000. He deposits $430 16
each month into the account. The equation y  430x 
$ (thousand)

14
y 430x 1000
1000 represents how much money is in the savings 12
10
account after x number of months. Graph the equation 8
and explain what the y-intercept means. 6
4
The y-intercept 1000 shows how much money 2
was in the savings account before Rashid made O 5 10 15 20
x
any deposits. Months

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 429 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-4 Practice
Slope

Find the slope of each line.

1. y 2. y 3. y

(1, 2) 4 (0, 4)
2
O
O x x 8 6 4 O 2 4 6 8x
(0, 2) (3, 1) 4
6 (2, 6)
(0, 3)
8

2
4 
5
3
Find the slope of the line that passes through each pair of points.

4. A(
10, 6), B(
5, 8) 5. C(7,
3), D(11,
4) 6. E(5, 2), F(12,
3)
2 1 5



5 4 7
7. G(
15, 7), H(
10, 6) 8. J(13, 0), K(
3,
12) 9. L(
5, 3), M(
4, 9)
1 3

  6
5 4
10. P(12, 2), Q(18,
2) 11. R(
2,
3), S(
2,
5) 12. T(
13, 8), U(21, 8)
2

 undefined 0
3
13. CAKES A wedding cake measures 2 feet high in the center and the diameter of the
bottom tier is 12 inches. What is the slope of the cake? 4

14. INSECTS One particularly large ant hill found in 1997 measured 40 inches wide at
the base and 18 inches high. What was the slope of the ant hill? 9

10
15. ARCHAEOLOGY Today, the Great Pyramid at Giza near Cairo, Egypt, stands 137
meters tall, coming to a point. Its base is a square with each side measuring 230 meters
wide. What is the slope of the pyramid? 137

115
16. BUSINESS One warehouse uses 8-foot long ramps to load its forklifts onto the flat
beds of trucks for hauling. If the bed of a truck is 2 feet above the ground and the ramp
is secured to the truck at its end, what is the slope of the ramp while in operation?
1

4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 434 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-5 Practice
Rate of Change

Find the rate of change for each linear function.

1. 50 2.
Time Distance
40 (h) (km)
Air in Tires (psi)

30 x y
20 0 0
10
5 510

0 5 1 0 1 5 20 25 10 1020
Time (min)
15 1530

decrease of 2 psi/min increase of 102 km/h

Suppose y varies directly with x. Write an equation relating x and y.

3. y 
6 when x 
2 4. y 
27 when x  9 5. y  4 when x  16

1
y  3x y 
3x y  x
4
6. y  10 when x  2 7. y 
42 when x  7 8. y  3 when x  36
1
y  5x y 
6x y  x
12
9. y  4.5 when x 
9 10. y  11 when x  33 11. y  25 when x 
5
1
y 
0.5x y  x y 
5x
3
12. y  63 when x  7 13. y  48 when x 
4 14. y  26 when x  13
y  9x y 
12x y  2x
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT For Exercises 15 and 16, use the following information.

San Diego reserves express lanes on the freeways for the use of
Toll Traffic Volume
carpoolers. In order to increase traffic flow during rush hours, other
($) (vehicles/h)
drivers may use the express lanes for a fee. The toll varies directly
with the number of cars on the road. The table shows a sample of 1.00 521
possible tolls.
2.00 1042
15. Write an equation that relates the toll x and traffic volume y.
3.00 1563
y  521x
4.00 2084
Lesson 8-5

16. Predict the number of vehicles at a peak time if the toll

increases to $6.00. 3126 vehicles/h

17. OFFICE SUPPLIES The cost of paper varies directly with the number of reams of
paper purchased. If 2 reams cost $9.60, find the cost of 41 reams. $196.80

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 439 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-6 Practice
Slope-Intercept Form

Given the slope and y-intercept, graph each line.

3 5
1. slope  , 2. slope  , 3. slope  1,
4 6
y-intercept 
3 y-intercept  1 y-intercept  5

y y y
8
6
y 5
x+1 4 y x 5
6 2
O
O x 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x
2
4 O x
3 6
y x 3
4 8

Graph each equation using the slope and y-intercept.

1
4. y 
x
4 5. y  x
4 6. y 
6x  3
2
y y y
y 6x 3

O x O x O x

1
y x 4
2
y x 4

EXERCISE For Exercises 7 and 8, use the following information.

A person weighing 150 pounds burns about 320 Calories per hour walking at a moderate
pace. Suppose that the same person burns an average of 1500 Calories per day through
basic activities. The total Calories y burned by that person can be represented by the
equation y  320x  1500, where x represents the number of hours spent walking.
7. Graph the equation using the 8. State the slope and y-intercept of the
slope and y-intercept. graph of the equation and describe what
5 they represent. The y-intercept
4 1500 represents the number of
Calories Burned

Calories burned without exercis-

(thousands)

3
ing. The slope 320 represents the
2 number of Calories burned per
y 320x 1500 hour when walking.
1

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time Walking (h)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 444 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

 NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-7 Practice
Writing Linear Functions

Write an equation in slope-intercept form for each line.

1. slope  3, 2. slope  0,
y-intercept 
2 y  3x
2 y-intercept  7 y  7

3. y 4. y

Lesson 8-7
O x y 
x  3 O
x y  3x
3

Write an equation in slope-intercept form for the line passing through each
pair of points.

5. (9, 0) and (6,
1) 6. (8, 6) and (
8, 2) 7. (7,
5) and (
4,
5)
1 1
y  x
3 y  x  4 y 
5
3 4

8. (2, 7) and (
1, 4) 9. (4, 4) and (
8, 10) 10. (0, 2) and (
3, 14)
1
yx5 y 
  x  6 y 
4x  2
2
BUSINESS For Exercises 11 and 12, use the following information.
Flourishing Flowers charges $125 plus $60 for each standard floral arrangement to deliver
and set up flowers for a banquet.

11. Write an equation in slope-intercept form that shows the cost y for flowers for x number
of arrangements. y  60x  125

12. Find the cost of providing 20 floral arrangements. $1325

INSULATION For Exercises 13 and 14, use the following information.

Renata González wants to increase the energy efficiency of her Thickness
house by adding to the insulation previously installed. The better R-value
(in.)
a material protects against heat loss, the higher its R-value, or
resistance to heat flow. The table shows the R-value of fiberglass 0.0 0
blanket insulation per inch of thickness. The existing insulation
in Renata’s attic has an R-value of 10. 3.2 1

13. Write an equation in slope-intercept form that shows the 6.4 2

total R-value y in the attic if she adds x number of inches 9.6 3
of additional insulation. y  3.2x  10
Source: Oak Ridge National Laboratory

14. Estimate the total R-value in the attic if she adds 6 inches of insulation. 29.2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 449 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

©
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-1 Practice 8-1 R eading to Learn Mathematics

Functions Functions

Determine whether each relation is a function. Explain. Pre-Activity How can the relationship between actual temperatures and
windchill temperatures be a function?
1. {(4, 2 5), (0, 2 9), (1, 0), (7, 0)} 2. {(5, 2 12), (2 1, 2 2), (8, 2 5), (4, 2 2), (3, 2 5)}
Do the activity at the top of page 369 in your textbook. Write
Yes; each x value is paired with Yes; each x value is paired with your answers below.
only one y value. only one y value. a. On grid paper, graph the temperatures as y
5
ordered pairs (actual, windchill). O
3. {(2 2, 2 3), (6, 2 8), (4, 2), (6, 2 5), (2, 2 5)} 4. {(5, 2), (2 2, 15), (2 7, 15), (1, 5), (4, 15), (2 7, 2)} 15 5 5 15 x
b. Describe the relationship between the two 5

Lesson 8-1
10
No; 6 in the domain is paired with No; 7 in the domain is paired temperature scales. Sample answer: 15
8 and 5 in the range. with 15 and 2 in the range. As the actual temperature increases, 20
the windchill temperature also 25
5. xx 6. xx 30
4 5 11 5 23 7 14 11 10 1 increases. 35

Answers (Lesson 8-1)

yy 3 1 1 0 6 yy 3 9 4 3 15 c. When the actual temperature is 2 20°F, which is the best estimate for
the windchill: 2 46°F, 2 28°F, or 0°F? Explain. 46°F; when the
No; 5 in the domain is paired Yes; each x value is paired with
actual temperature decreases, the windchill temperature
with 1 and 0 in the range. only one y value.
also decreases.
7. xx 3.0 3.5 4.1 3.0 3.4
8. xx 11 4 2 4 7

yy 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.0 yy 7 2 2 2 6 Reading the Lesson 1–2. See students’ work.
A3

No; 3.0 in the domain is paired No; 4 in the domain is paired with Write a definition and give an example of each new vocabulary word or phrase.
with 4.2 and 3.7 in the range. 2 and 2 in the range.
Vocabulary Definition Example
EMPLOYMENT For Exercises 9–12, use the Employed Members of Labor Force
table, which shows the percent of employed 1. function
men and women in the U.S. labor force Men Women
every five years from 1980 to 2000. Year (% of male (% of female
2. vertical line test
9. Is the relation (year, percent of men) a population) population)
function? Explain. Yes; each year is 1980 77.4 51.5
paired with only one value for the
1985 76.3 54.5 3. For a relation to be a function, each element in the domain must have
percent of employed men.
10. Describe how the percent of employed 1990 76.4 57.5 only one corresponding element in the range .
men is related to the year. The number
1995 75.0 58.9 4. Explain what is meant by the phrase “distance is a function of time.” Sample answer:
of employed men varies each year,
How far something travels depends on how much time elapses.
but is around 76 percent of the 2000 78.9 67.3
male population. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Helping You Remember
11. Is the relation (year, percent of women) a function? Explain. Yes; each year is 5. You have learned various ways to determine whether a relation is a function. Choose
paired with only one value for the percent of employed women.
Glencoe Pre-Algebra

which method is the easiest for you to use, then write a few sentences explaining how
12. Describe how the percent of employed women is related to the year. As the years that method relates to the other methods. Sample answer: Placing the range
progress, the percent of employed women increases. values in a table with their corresponding domain values makes it easy
to see whether an element in the domain is paired with only one element
in the range. By graphing and connecting the points, the vertical line test
can be applied to arrive at the same answer.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 419 Glencoe Pre-Algebra © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 420 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

Answers
©
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-2 Skills Practice 8-2 Practice

Linear Equations in Two Variables Linear Equations in Two Variables

Find four solutions of each equation. Write the solutions as ordered pairs. Find four solutions of each equation. Write the solutions as ordered pairs.
1–9. Sample answers are given. 1–6. Sample answers are given.
1. y = 8x 2 4 2. y 5 2 x 1 12 3. 4x 2 4y 5 24 1. y 5 x 2 5 2. y 5 2 7 3. y 5 2 3x 1 1
( 1, 12), (0, 4), ( 1, 13), (0, 12), ( 1, 7), (0, 6), ( 1, 6), (0, 5), ( 1, 7), (0, 7), ( 1, 4), (0, 1),
(1, 4), (2, 12) (1, 11), (2, 10) (1, 5), (2, 4) (1, 4), (2, 3) (1, 7), (2, 7) (1, 2), (2, 5)
4. x 2 y 5 2 15 5. y 5 7x 2 6 6. y 5 2 3x 1 8 4. x 2 y 5 6 5. y 5 2x 1 4 6. 7x 2 y 5 14
( 1, 14), (0, 15), ( 1, 13), (0, 6), ( 1, 11), (0, 8), ( 1, 7), (0, 6), ( 1, 2), (0, 4), ( 1, 21), (0, 14),
(1, 16), (2, 17) (1, 1), (2, 8) (1, 5), (2, 2) (1, 5), (2, 4) (1, 6), (2, 8) (1, 7), (2, 0)
7. y 5 12 8. 4x 2 2y 5 0 9. 4x 2 y 5 4
Graph each equation by plotting ordered pairs.
( 1, 12), (0, 12), ( 1, 2), (0, 0), ( 1, 8), (0, 4),

Answers (Lesson 8-2)

(1, 12), (2, 12) (1, 2), (2, 4) (1, 0), (2, 4) 7. y 5 2x 2 1 8. y 5 2 6x 1 2 9. y 5 x 1 4
y y y
6 y
Graph each equation by plotting ordered pairs. 4
6x + 2 y5x +4

Lesson 8-2
1 3 2
10. y 5 3x 2 2 11. y 5 2 x 1 3 12. y 5 2 } } x 1 } } O
2 2 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x
y 2
y y O x
4
y x+3 y 2x – 1 O x
1 6
y x+ 3
2 2 8
A5

10
x
O x O x O
1
y 3x 2 10. y 5 7 11. y 5 3x 2 9 12. y 5 } } x 2 6
2
y y y
10 6 8
8 4 6
2
13. y 5 2 2x 2 5 14. y 5 4x 2 8 15. y 5 } } x 2 2 6
y 7
2
O
4
3 4 2
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x O x
y y y 2 2
6 O 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8
4 2
4 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x 4
2 6
2 y5 2x–2 8
y 3x – 9
6
O 3 4 1
8 y x–6
O x 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x 6 10 2
2
O x
4
6
y 2x 5 8
COOKING For Exercises 13–15, use the following information.
y 4x 8
10
Kirsten is making gingerbread cookies using her grandmother’s recipe and needs to convert
grams to ounces. The equation y 5 0.04x describes the approximate
16. y 5 2 5x 17. y 5 2 2x 1 6 18. y 5 5x 1 1 number of ounces y in x grams.
y y y y
8
13. Find three ordered pairs of values that satisfy this equation. 8
y 2x + 6
6 Sample answer: (100, 4), (200, 8), (300, 12) 7
Glencoe Pre-Algebra

y 5x y 5x + 1
4 6

Ounces
2 14. Draw the graph that contains these points. 5
O O x
4
O x 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x
2 15. Do negative values of x make sense in this case? Explain. 3
4 2
6
No; a recipe cannot contain a negative number 1
8 of grams of an ingredient. O 100 200 300 400 x
Grams

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 423 Glencoe Pre-Algebra © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 424 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

Answers
©
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-3 Practice 8-3 R eading to Learn Mathematics

Graphing Linear Equations Using Intercepts Graphing Linear Equations Using Intercepts

Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept for the graph of each equation. Pre-Activity How can intercepts be used to represent real-life information?
1. y 5 2x 2 2 2. y 1 4 5 0 3. y 5 3x 1 9 Do the activity at the top of page 381 in your textbook. Write
your answers below.
1, 2 none, 4 3, 9
a. Write the ordered pair for the point where the graph intersects the
4. 6x 1 12y 5 24 5. 5x 2 3y 5 15 6. 2 x 2 7 5 0 y-axis. What does this point represent? (0, 32); a temperature of
0°C equals 32°F.
4, 2 3, 5 7, none
b. Write the ordered pair for the point where the graph intersects the
Graph each equation using the x- and y-intercepts. x-axis. What does this point represent? ( 18, 0); a temperature
of approximately 18°C equals 0°F.
7. y 5 x 2 7 8. y 5 2 x 1 5 9. y 5 2x 2 4

Answers (Lesson 8-3)

y
8 8
y y
Reading the Lesson 1–2. See students’ work.
6
(0, 5) 6 y 5 2x + 5 Write a definition and give an example of each new vocabulary word.
4 y5x27 4
2 2
O (7, 0) O (5, 0) (2, 0)
2 4 6 8x O x
Vocabulary Definition Example
28 26 24 22
22 28 26 24 22 2 4 6 8x
22
24 24 1. x-intercept
26 26
(0, 27) (0, 4) y 2x – 4
28 28

2. y-intercept
A8

1
10. y 5 2 } } x 2 1 11. 5x 1 2y 5 10 12. x 5 2
7
y y y
8 8 3. The y-coordinate of the x-intercept is 0.
y 5 – 5x + 5

Lesson 8-3
6 (0, 5) 6 2
x52
4 4 The x-coordinate of the y-intercept is 0.
( 7, 0) 2 2
O O (2, 0) (2, 0)
8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x 28 26 24 22 2 4 6 8x O x 4. Draw a model on the coordinate grid that shows how to graph a line using the
2 22
(0, 1) x-intercept and the y-intercept of a line. Explain your model.
4 y – 1x – 1 24
6 7 26 y Sample answer: The x-intercept is 5, which means
8 28 8
6 that one point of the graph is at (5, 0). The y-inter-
4 (0, 3)
2
cept is 3, which means that another point of the
13. SAVINGS Rashid’s grandparents started a savings O (5, 0)
18
y graph is at (0, 3). Graph both points on the grid and
account for him, contributing $1000. He deposits $430 28 26 24 22 2 4 6 8x
16 22 draw a line through them.
each month into the account. The equation y 5 430x 1 24
$ (thousand)

14
y 430x 1000 26
1000 represents how much money is in the savings 12
10 28
account after x number of months. Graph the equation 8
and explain what the y-intercept means. 6
5. Is a line with no x-intercept vertical or horizontal? Explain. Horizontal; if a line has
4
The y-intercept 1000 shows how much money 2 no x-intercept, the line will never cross the x-axis. Therefore, the line
was in the savings account before Rashid made x must be parallel to the x-axis.
Glencoe Pre-Algebra

O 5 10 15 20
any deposits. Months
Helping You Remember
6. The word intercept has many synonyms in English. Look up intercept in a thesaurus and
find one or two synonyms that help you remember the mathematical meaning of the word.
Explain your selection. Sample answer: cut off; The y-intercept is where the
y-axis cuts off the line; the x-intercept is where the x-axis cuts off the line.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 429 Glencoe Pre-Algebra © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 430 Glencoe Pre-Algebra
©
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-4 Skills Practice 8-4 Practice

Slope Slope

Find the slope of each line. Find the slope of each line.

1. y 2. y 3. y 1. y 2. y 3. y
(4, 3)
(1, 4) (1, 2) 4 (0, 4)
(0, 2)
(2, 1) 2
O
O x O x O x x 8 6 4 O 2 4 6 8x
O x (3, 1)
(0, 2) 4
(0, 3) (0, 1) 6 (2, 6)
(0, 3)
8

1 2
}} 2 5 4 }} 5
4 3
4. 5. 6.

Answers (Lesson 8-4)

y y y
(0, 3) (1, 4)
Find the slope of the line that passes through each pair of points.

(0, 1) (4, 1) 4. A(2 10, 6), B(2 5, 8) 5. C(7, 2 3), D(11, 2 4) 6. E(5, 2), F(12, 2 3)
O 2 1 5
O x x O x }} }} }}
(0, 2)
5 4 7
(1, 3) 7. G(2 15, 7), H(2 10, 6) 8. J(13, 0), K(2 3, 2 12) 9. L(2 5, 3), M(2 4, 9)
1 3
6
A10

}} }}
1 5 4
4 }} 6 10. P(12, 2), Q(18, 2 2) 11. R(2 2, 2 3), S(2 2, 2 5) 12. T(2 13, 8), U(21, 8)
2
Find the slope of the line that passes through each pair of points. 2
}} undefined 0
3
7. A(1, 2 5), B(6, 2 7) 8. C(7, 2 3), D(8, 1) 9. E(7, 2), F(12, 6)
13. CAKES A wedding cake measures 2 feet high in the center and the diameter of the
2 4
}} 4 }} bottom tier is 12 inches. What is the slope of the cake? 4
5 5
10. G(8, 2 3), H(11, 2 2) 11. J(5, 2 9), K(0, 2 12) 12. L(2 4, 6), M(5, 3) 14. INSECTS One particularly large ant hill found in 1997 measured 40 inches wide at
1 3 1 the base and 18 inches high. What was the slope of the ant hill? 9
}} }} }} }}
3 5 3 10
13. P(2, 2 2), Q(7, 2 1) 14. R(2 5, 2 2), S(2 5, 3) 15. T(5, 2 6), U(8, 2 12) 15. ARCHAEOLOGY Today, the Great Pyramid at Giza near Cairo, Egypt, stands 137
1 Lesson 8-4 meters tall, coming to a point. Its base is a square with each side measuring 230 meters
}} undefined 2 wide. What is the slope of the pyramid? 137
5 }}
16. P(10, 2 2), Q(3, 2 1) 17. R(6, 2 5), S(7, 3) 18. T(1, 8), U(7, 8) 115
1 16. BUSINESS One warehouse uses 8-foot long ramps to load its forklifts onto the flat
}} 8 0 beds of trucks for hauling. If the bed of a truck is 2 feet above the ground and the ramp
7
19. CAMPING A family camping in a national forest builds a temporary shelter with a is secured to the truck at its end, what is the slope of the ramp while in operation?
tarp and a 4-foot pole. The bottom of the pole is even with the ground, and one corner 1
}}
4
Glencoe Pre-Algebra

is staked 5 feet from the bottom of the pole. What is the slope of the tarp from that
corner to the top of the pole? 4
}}
5
20. ART A rectangular painting on a gallery wall measures 7 meters high and 4 meters
wide. What is the slope from the upper left corner to the lower right corner? 7
}}
4

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 433 Glencoe Pre-Algebra © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 434 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

©
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-5 Practice 8-5 R eading to Learn Mathematics

Rate of Change Rate of Change

Find the rate of change for each linear function. Pre-Activity How are slope and speed related?
1. 50 2. Do the activity at the top of page 393 in your textbook. Write
Time Distance your answers below.
40 (h) (km)
Air in Tires (psi)

30
a. For every 1-hour increase in time, what is the change in distance?
x y
55 mi
20 0 0
b. Find the slope of the line. 55
10
5 510
c. Make a conjecture about the relationship between slope of the line
0 5 10 15 20 25 10 1020 and speed of the car. Slope is equal to the speed of the car.
Time (min)
15 1530

Answers (Lesson 8-5)

decrease of 2 psi/min increase of 102 km/h Reading the Lesson 1–3. See students’ work.
Write a definition and give an example of each new vocabulary phrase.
Suppose y varies directly with x. Write an equation relating x and y.

3. y 5 2 6 when x 5 2 2 4. y 5 2 27 when x 5 9 5. y 5 4 when x 5 16 Vocabulary Definition Example

1 1. rate of
y 3x y 3x y }}x
4
A13

change
6. y 5 10 when x 5 2 7. y 5 2 42 when x 5 7 8. y 5 3 when x 5 36
1 2. direct
y 5x y 6x y }}x
12 variation
9. y 5 4.5 when x 5 2 9 10. y 5 11 when x 5 33 11. y 5 25 when x 5 2 5
1 3. constant of
y 0.5x y }}x y 5x variation
3
12. y 5 63 when x 5 7 13. y 5 48 when x 5 2 4 14. y 5 26 when x 5 13
Complete each sentence.
y 9x y 12x y 2x
4. Rates of change can be described using slope .
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT For Exercises 15 and 16, use the following information.
5. Direct variation is a special type of linear equation.
San Diego reserves express lanes on the freeways for the use of
Toll Traffic Volume
carpoolers. In order to increase traffic flow during rush hours, other
($) (vehicles/h) Helping You Remember
drivers may use the express lanes for a fee. The toll varies directly
with the number of cars on the road. The table shows a sample of 1.00 521
possible tolls. 6. The word ratio comes from the Latin word meaning rate and can also mean proportion
2.00 1042 or relation. Direct variation is often called direct proportion. Look up ratio in the
15. Write an equation that relates the toll x and traffic volume y. dictionary. Then use this information to explain the relationship between rate of change
3.00 1563
y 521x and direct variation. Sample answers: The rate of change is the ratio of the
4.00 2084 change in one quantity to the change in another quantity. If the ratio is
Glencoe Pre-Algebra

Lesson 8-5

16. Predict the number of vehicles at a peak time if the toll

direct, or proportional, then both quantities vary at the same,
increases to $6.00. 3126 vehicles/h
or constant, rate. Either they both increase at the same rate or they both
17. OFFICE SUPPLIES The cost of paper varies directly with the number of reams of decrease at the same rate.
paper purchased. If 2 reams cost $9.60, find the cost of 41 reams. $196.80

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 439 Glencoe Pre-Algebra © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 440 Glencoe Pre-Algebra

Answers
©
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-6 Skills Practice 8-6 Practice

Slope-Intercept Form Slope-Intercept Form

Lesson 8-6
State the slope and the y-intercept for the graph of each equation. Given the slope and y-intercept, graph each line.
1 3 5
1. y 5 12x 2 4 2. y 5 } } x 1 3 3. 3x 2 y 5 6 1. slope 5 } } , 2. slope 5 } } , 3. slope 5 1,
4 4 6
y-intercept 5 2 3 y-intercept 5 1 y-intercept 5 5
1
12; 4 }}; 3 3; 6
4 y
8
y y

6
Given the slope and y-intercept, graph each line. 5 4
y x+1 y x 5
6 2
1 2 O
4. slope 5 2 2, 5. slope 5 } } , 6. slope 5 } } , O x 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8x
2 3 2
y-intercept 5 2
y-intercept 5 4 y-intercept 5 2 3 4 O x
3 6
y x 3
y y y 4 8

Answers (Lesson 8-6)

y 2x 2 1
y x+4
2

Graph each equation using the slope and y-intercept.

O x O x O x 1
4. y 5 2} } x 2 4 5. y 5 x 2 4 6. y 5 26x 1 3
2
2
y x 3 y y y
3
y 6x 3
A15

Graph each equation using the slope and y-intercept. O x O x O x

1
7. y 5 5x 2 1 8. y 5 } } x 1 4 9. y 5 2 x 1 2 y 1
x 4
2 2
y x 4
y y y

1
y x+4 y x 2
2
EXERCISE For Exercises 7 and 8, use the following information.
O x O x O x A person weighing 150 pounds burns about 320 Calories per hour walking at a moderate
pace. Suppose that the same person burns an average of 1500 Calories per day through
y 5x 1
basic activities. The total Calories y burned by that person can be represented by the
equation y 5 320x 1 1500, where x represents the number of hours spent walking.
7. Graph the equation using the 8. State the slope and y-intercept of the
10. y 5 2x 1 2 11. y 5 2 4x 1 2 12. y 5 x 2 3 slope and y-intercept. graph of the equation and describe what
y y y
5 they represent. The y-intercept
4 1500 represents the number of
Calories Burned

y 2x 2 y 4x 2 3
y x Calories burned without exercis-
(thousands)

3
ing. The slope 320 represents the
O x O x O x 2 number of Calories burned per
hour when walking.
Glencoe Pre-Algebra

y 320x 1500
1

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time Walking (h)

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Answers
©
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

8-7 Practice 8-7 R eading to Learn Mathematics

Writing Linear Functions Writing Linear Functions

Write an equation in slope-intercept form for each line. Pre-Activity How can you model data with a linear equation?
1. slope 5 3, 2. slope 5 0, Do the activity at the top of page 404 in your textbook. Write
y-intercept 5 2 2 y 3x 2 y-intercept 5 7 y 7 your answers below.

3. y 4. y a. Graph the ordered pairs (chirps, temperature). Draw a line through

the points.

y
4

Lesson 8-7
O 70
y }}x 3 y 3x

Temperature (˚F)
O x x
3 60
50
40
30

Answers (Lesson 8-7)

20
10
Write an equation in slope-intercept form for the line passing through each 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
x
pair of points. Number of Chirps

5. (9, 0) and (6, 2 1) 6. (8, 6) and (2 8, 2) 7. (7, 2 5) and (2 4, 2 5) b. Find the slope and the y-intercept of the line. What do these values
1 1 represent? Slope 1 represents the rate of change, 1
y }}x 3 y }}x 4 y 5 degree for every 1 chirp; y-intercept 40 represents the
3 4
A18

temperature at which the crickets are not chirping.

8. (2, 7) and (2 1, 4) 9. (4, 4) and (2 8, 10) 10. (0, 2) and (2 3, 14)
1 c. Write an equation in the form y 5 mx 1 b for the line then translate
y x 5 y }}x 6 y 4x 2 the equation into a sentence. y x 40; The temperature
2
BUSINESS For Exercises 11 and 12, use the following information.
equals the number of chirps in 15 seconds plus 40.
Flourishing Flowers charges $125 plus $60 for each standard floral arrangement to deliver
and set up flowers for a banquet. Reading the Lesson
11. Write an equation in slope-intercept form that shows the cost y for flowers for x number 1. Explain how you can use the following information to write the slope-intercept form of a line.
of arrangements. y 60x 125 a. graph of a line Find the y-intercept. From that point, count how many
units up or down and how many units left or right to another point. The
12. Find the cost of providing 20 floral arrangements. $1325 slope is the ratio of the rise over the run. Then substitute the slope
INSULATION For Exercises 13 and 14, use the following information. and the y-intercept into the slope-intercept form.
Renata González wants to increase the energy efficiency of her b. two points on a line Substitute the coordinates of two points on the
Thickness
house by adding to the insulation previously installed. The better R-value
(in.)
line into the definition of slope. Then use the slope and one of the
a material protects against heat loss, the higher its R-value, or points to find the y-intercept. Substitute the slope and the point’s
resistance to heat flow. The table shows the R-value of fiberglass 0.0 0 coordinates into slope-intercept form. Then substitute the slope and
blanket insulation per inch of thickness. The existing insulation the y-intercept into the slope-intercept form.
in Renata’s attic has an R-value of 10. 3.2 1
c. a table of values Use the table to identify the coordinates of two points
Glencoe Pre-Algebra

13. Write an equation in slope-intercept form that shows the 6.4 2 on the line. Then substitute the coordinates of the two points on the
total R-value y in the attic if she adds x number of inches 9.6 3 line into the definition of slope. Then use the slope and one of the
of additional insulation. y 3.2x 10 points to find the y-intercept. Substitute the slope and the point’s
Source: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
coordinates into slope-intercept form. Then substitute the slope and
14. Estimate the total R-value in the attic if she adds 6 inches of insulation. 29.2 the y-intercept into the slope-intercept form.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 449 Glencoe Pre-Algebra © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 450 Glencoe Pre-Algebra