Harjot Kaur

4535433

Math Assignment

1. Solve the System:

7x1 – 8x2 + 5x3 = 5

−4x1 + 5x2 – 3x3 = −3

x1 −x2 + x3 = 0

[ 7 -8 5] [ x1] [ 5 ]

[ -4 5 -3] * [ x2] = [ -3]

[ 1 -1 1] [ x3] [ 0 ]

AX = B

X = A^-1B

A^-1=1/|A|.C^T

[ 7 -8 5]

[ -4 5 -3]

[ 1 -1 1]

= 7[5.1 – (-1). -3] +8[(-4).1 – (-3).1] + 5[(-4). (-1) – 5.1]

= 7(5-3) + 8(-4+3) +5(4-5)

=7(2) +8(-1) +5(-1)

=14 -8 -5

= 14 - 13

=1

M11= |5 -3|= [5.1- (-3) (-1)] = 5-3 = 2

|-1 1|
M12= |-4 -3|= [-4.1 – (-3)1] = -4+3 = -1

|1 1|

M13 =|-4 5|= [(-4.-1)- (5.1)] = 4-5 = -1

|1 -1|

M21 = |-8 5|= [(-8.1) – (5.-1)] = -8+5 = -3

|-1 1|

M22 = |7 5|= [(7.1) – (5.1)] = 7-5 = 2

|1 1|

M23 = |7 -8|= [7(-1) – (-8)1] = -7 +8 = 1

|1 -1|

M31 = |-8 5|= [-8(-3) – 5(5)] = 24-25 = -1

|5 -3|

M32 = |7 5|= [7(-3) – 5(-4)] = -21+20 = -1

|-4 -3|

M33 = |7 -8|= [7(5) – (-8) (-4)] = 35-32 = 3

|-4 5|

M11 = 2 M12 = –1 M13 = -1

M21 = -3 M22 = 2 M23 = 1

M31 = -1 M32 = –1 M33 = 3

|+ - + | [2 1 -1]
Co-factors(C) |- + - | = [3 2 -1]

|+ - + | [-1 1 3]

C^T = [2 3 -1]

[1 2 1]

[-1 -1 3]

A^-1=1/|A|.C^T

=1/1. [2 3 -1] [2 3 -1]

[1 2 1] = [1 2 1]

[-1 -1 3] [-1 -1 3]

X = A^-1B

[2 3 -1] [5]

= [1 2 1] [-3]

[-1 -1 3] [0]

= [2(5) +3(3) +(-1)0]

[5-6+0]

[-5+3+0]

X = [1]

[-1]

[-2]

X1=1, x2= -1, x3=-2

 0 4 −3 −2 0
2. A= 2 1 7 and B= 0 −4
3 −2 1 1 2
To find: AB

Multiplying each row of A with the columns of B.

0. (−2 ) +4.0+ (−3 ) .1 0. ( 0 ) + 4.(−4 )+ (−3 ) .2

AB = 2. (−2 ) +1.0+7.1 2. ( 0 ) +1.(−4)+7.2
3. (−2 ) + (−2 ) .0+1.1 3. ( 0 ) + (−2 ) .(−4)+1.2
0+0+ (−3 ) 0+(−16)+ (−6 )
AB = (−4 ) +0+ 7 0+ (−4 ) +14
(−6 ) +0+1 0+ 8+2
−3 −22
AB = 3 10
−5 10
7 5 −4 2 −2 3
3. A= − 2 5 1 and B= 8 1 4
10 −4 −7 −4 2 −8
a) A.B

Multiplying each row of A with the columns of B.

7.2+ 5.8+ (−4 ) .(−4 ) 7. (−2 ) +5.1+(−4).2 7.3+5.4 +(−4).(−8)

AB = (−2).2+5.8+ 1.(−4 ) (−2 ) . (−2 ) +5.1+1.2 (−2).3+5.4+1.(−8)
10.2+(−4).8+ (−7 ) .(−4) 10. (−2 ) +(−4 ).1+(−7).2 10.3+(−4) .4+(−7).(−8)
70 −17 73
AB = 32 11 6
16 −38 70
b) Find X if 3 X −4 A=2 B

3 X =2 B+ 4 A
1
X = (2 B+4 A)
3
2 −2 3
Therefore, 2B = 2. 8 1 4
−4 2 −8
a b c ka kb kc
As, k.d e f = kd ke kf
g h i kg kh ki
 4 −4 6
Thus, 2B = 16 2 8 …1
−8 4 −16
7 5 −4
4A = 4. − 2 5 1
10 −4 −7
28 20 −16
4A = − 8 20 4 …2
40 −16 −28
Using 1 and 2 equations

4 −4 6 28 20 −16
2B + 4A = 16 2 −
8 + 8 20 4
−8 4 −16 40 −16 −28
32 16 −10
2B + 4A = 8 22 12 …3
32 −12 −44
Using 3rd equation

32 16 −10
1 1
(2 B+ 4 A ) = . 8 22 12
3 3
32 −12 −44
32 16 −10
3 3 3
1 8 22
(2 B+ 4 A ) = 4 …4
3 3 3
32 −44
−4
3 3
As,
1
X = (2 B+4 A) ….5
3
Therefore, by comparing 4 with 5

32 16 −10
3 3 3
8 22
X= 4
3 3
32 −44
−4
3 3
 1 2 3
4. A= 0 −1 5
2 1 4
Finding minors,

−1 5
M11 =
1 4
M11 = −4−5

M11 = −9

0 5
M12 =
2 4
M12 = 0−10

M12 =−10

0 −1
M13 =
2 1
M13 = 0−(−2)

M13 = 2

2 3
M21 =
1 4
M21 = 8−3

M21 = 5

1 3
M22 =
2 4
M22 = 4−6

M22 = −2

1 2
M23 =
2 1
M23 = 1−4

M23 = −3

2 3
M31 =
−1 5
M31 = 10−(−3)

M31 = 13
 1 3
M32 =
0 5
M32 = 5−0

M32 = 5

1 2
M33 =
0 −1
M33 = (−1 )−0

M33 = −1

−9 −10 2
Minor Matrix = 5 −2 −3
13 5 −1
Cofactors,

C11 = -9

C12 =10

C13 = 2

C21 = −5

C22 = −2

C23 = 3

C31 = 13

C32 = −5

C33 = −1

−9 10 2
Cofactor Matrix = −5 −2 3
13 −5 −1

5. −x +2 y−3 z=1
2 x+ z =0
3 x−4 y +4 z=2
Using, A.X = C

Where A = Coefficients of equation, X = variables and C = constant

 −1 2 −3 x 1
2 0 1 . y =0
3 −4 4 z 2

0 1 2 1 2 0
Determinant of A = (-1) . – 2 . - 3.
−4 4 3 4 3 −4

=(−1 ) . ( 0+4 )−2 ( 8−3 )−3 ( (−8 )−0 )

= (−1 ) .4−2 ( 5 )+ 24

= −4−10+ 24

= −14+ 24

=10

1 2 −3
Dx = 0 0 1
2 −4 4
Dx = 1.4−2 ( 0−2 )−3(0)

Dx = 4−2 (−2 )

Dx = 4 + 4

Dx = 8

8
X=
10
X = |Dx| / |D|

4
X=
5
−1 1 −3
Dy = 2 0 1
3 2 4
Dy = (−1). (−2)−1 ( 8−3 ) −3(4−0)

Dy = 2−5−12

Dy = −15

y = |Dy| / |D|

−15
y=
10
 −3
y=
2
−1 2 1
Dz = 2 0 0
3 −4 2
Dz = (−1 ) .0−2 ( 4−0 ) +1(−8+0)

Dz = 0−8−8

Dz = −16

z = |Dz| / |D|

−16
z=
10
−8
z=
5

6. Objective Function:

Z= 4x + 5y

Constraints:

x≥0
y≥0
x+3 y ≥ 6
3x - y ≤ 9
x +4y ≤ 16

2x+3y=6
Let x=0,
2(0) +3y=6
3y=6
y=6/3
y=2
Now, let y=0 in 2x+3y=6
2x + 3(0) =6
2x = 6
x=6/2
x=3

x 0 3
y 2 0
The points of 2x+3y=6 is (0,2), (3,0) represented as green.

3x-y=9
Let x=0,
3(0) – y = 9
-y = 9
y = -9
Now, let y=0 in 3x – y = 9
3x – 0 = 9
3x = 9
x= 9/3
x=3

x 0 3
y -9 0

The points of 3x – y = 9 is (0, -9), (3,0) represented as purple.

x+4y<=16
Let x=0,
0 + 4y = 16
4y = 16

y= 16/4
y= 4
Let y=0 in x+4y=16
x+4(0) =16
x+ 0 = 16
x=16

x 0 16
y 4 0

The points of x+4y=16 is (0,4), (16,0) represented as orange.

 1. 7. Objective function:

Z = 5x + 1/2y

Constraints:

x≥0

y≥0

½x+y≤8

x+½y≥4
Put x = 0 in ½ x + y = 8

½ (0) + y = 8 ½x+ x 0 16 y=8

0+y=8 y 8 0
y=8

Now, put y = 0 in ½ x + y = 8

½x+0=8

½x=8

x = 8*2

x = 16

Then, the points of ½ x + y = 8 are (0,8), (16,0).

x+½y=4

Put x = 0 in x + ½ y = 4 x 0 4
0+½y=4 y 8 0
½y=4

y = 4*2

y =8

Now, put y = 0 in x + ½ y = 4

x + ½ (0) = 4

x+0=4

x=4

Then, the points of x + ½ y = 4 are (0,8), (4,0).

Put the values of points (A, B and C) in z = 5x + ½ y

A (0,8) in 5x + ½ y

= 5(0) + ½ (8)

=0 + 4

=4

B (16,0) in 5x + ½ y

= 5(16) + ½ (0)

= 80 + 0

= 80

C(4,0) in 5x + ½ y
= 5(4) + ½ (0)

=20 + 0

= 20

The minimum value of 5x + 1/2y is 4.

The maximum value of 5x + 1/2y is 80.