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Chapter 2 - Left Factoring

The document provides examples of left factoring context-free grammars. Left factoring involves identifying common prefixes in production rules and extracting them to the left side to eliminate duplication. Step-by-step solutions demonstrate left factoring grammars with 2-3 sentences of explanation each.

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Abdullah
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155 views4 pages

Chapter 2 - Left Factoring

The document provides examples of left factoring context-free grammars. Left factoring involves identifying common prefixes in production rules and extracting them to the left side to eliminate duplication. Step-by-step solutions demonstrate left factoring grammars with 2-3 sentences of explanation each.

Uploaded by

Abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S → iEtS / iEtSeS / a

E→b

Solution-

The left factored grammar is-


S → iEtSS’ / a
S’ → eS / ∈
E→b

Problem-02:

Do left factoring in the following grammar-


A → aAB / aBc / aAc
Do left factoring

A   | 

AX
X|

Solution-

Step-01:

A → aA’
A’ → AB / Bc / Ac
Again, this is a grammar with common prefixes.

Step-02:

A → aA’
A’ → AD / Bc
D→B/c
This is a left factored grammar.

Problem-03:

Do left factoring in the following grammar-


S → bSSaaS / bSSaSb / bSb / a

Solution-

Step-01:

S → bSS’ / a
S’ → SaaS / SaSb / b
Again, this is a grammar with common prefixes.

Step-02:

S → bSS’ / a
S’ → SaA / b
A → aS / Sb
This is a left factored grammar.

Problem-04:

Do left factoring in the following grammar-


S → aSSbS / aSaSb / abb / b

Solution-
Step-01:

S → aS’ / b
S’ → SSbS / SaSb / bb
Again, this is a grammar with common prefixes.

Step-02:

S → aS’ / b
S’ → SA / bb
A → SbS / aSb
This is a left factored grammar.

Problem-05:

Do left factoring in the following grammar-


S → a / ab / abc / abcd

Solution-

Step-01:

S → aS’
S’ → b / bc / bcd / ∈
Again, this is a grammar with common prefixes.

Step-02:

S → aS’
S’ → bA / ∈
A → c / cd / ∈
Again, this is a grammar with common prefixes.

Step-03:

S → aS’
S’ → bA / ∈
A → cB / ∈
B→d/∈
This is a left factored grammar.

Problem-06:

Do left factoring in the following grammar-


S → aAd / aB
A → a / ab
B → ccd / ddc

Solution-

The left factored grammar is-


S → aS’
S’ → Ad / B
A → aA’
A’ → b / ∈

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