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HDD 18in 20240528

This document contains pipeline design parameters and calculations for horizontal directional drilling including pipe dimensions, material properties, drilling configuration, soil properties, and calculations for pipe weight and pulling forces along different pipe sections.

Uploaded by

nvhrtzky
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
33 views19 pages

HDD 18in 20240528

This document contains pipeline design parameters and calculations for horizontal directional drilling including pipe dimensions, material properties, drilling configuration, soil properties, and calculations for pipe weight and pulling forces along different pipe sections.

Uploaded by

nvhrtzky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pipeline Data

Nominal Outside Diameter of Do ≔ 18


Pipe

Nominal Wall Thickness of ts ≔ if Do = 10.75 in | = 23.83 mm


Backing Steel ‖ 14.27 mm |
‖ |
else |
‖ 23.83 mm |
‖ |
SMYS SMYS ≔ 450 MPa

Young's Modulus Es ≔ 207000 MPa

Poisson's Ratio ν ≔ 0.3


1
Thermal Expansion Coeff. kth ≔ 1.17 ⋅ 10 -5 ――
Δ°C
kg
Density of Backing Steel ρs ≔ 7850 ――
m3
Nominal Wall Thickness of tCRA ≔ 3 mm
CRA Layer

Corrosion Allowance CA ≔ 0
kg
Density of CRA Layer ρCRA ≔ 8140 ――
m3
Thickness of Anti-Corrosion tcoating ≔ 3 mm
Coating

kg
Density of Anti-Corrosion ρcoating ≔ 950 ――
Coating m3

Pipe Joint Length lpj ≔ 12.2 m

Design and Operating Parameters

Design Pressure pd ≔ 2900 psi

Design Temperature Td ≔ 107.22 °C

Hydrotest Pressure ph ≔ 4350 psi

Hydrotest Temperature Th ≔ 27.2 °C


Hydrotest Temperature Th ≔ 27.2 °C
kg
Content Density during ρins ≔ 0 ――
Installation m3

Internal Pressure during pins ≔ 0 psi


Installation

Internal Temperature during Tins ≔ 21 °C


Installation

Environmental and Soil Data


lb
Mud Density ρmud ≔ 89.76 ――
ft 3
Axial Soil Friction Factor μsoil ≔ 0.3
lb
Fluid Drag Coefficient μmud ≔ 0.005 ――
in 2

HDD Configuration

KP of Entry Point KPentry ≔ 2.234 km

Entry Angle of HDD θentry ≔ 8 deg

KP of Exit Point KPexit ≔ 2.523 km

Exit Angle of HDD θexit ≔ 8 deg

HDD length lHDD ≔ ‖ if KPentry < KPexit | | = 289 m


‖ ||
‖ ‖ KPexit - KPentry | |
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ KPentry - KPexit | |
‖ ‖ ||

Straight Section A-B

Angle of the Axis Relative to θAB ≔ 8 deg


Horizontal

Length of Straight Section lAB ≔ 26 m

Elevation of Section Relative depthAB ≔ 0 m


to Water Level
Elevation of Section Relative depthAB ≔ 0 m
to Water Level

Curved Section B-C

Radius of Curved Section RBC ≔ 850 m

Angle of the Axis Relative to θBC ≔ 8 deg


Horizontal

Angle of the Curved Section αBC ≔ 8 deg

π ⋅ RBC ⋅ αBC
Length of Curved Section lBC ≔ ――――= 118.682 m
180 deg
Elevation of Section Relative depthBC ≔ 0 m
to Water Level

Straight Section C-D

Angle of the Axis Relative to θCD ≔ 0 deg


Horizontal

Length of Straight Section lCD ≔ 0 m

Elevation of Section Relative depthCD ≔ 0 m


to Water Level

Curved Section D-E

Radius of Curved Section RDE ≔ 850 m

Angle of the Axis Relative to θDE ≔ 8 deg


Horizontal

Angle of the Curved Section αDE ≔ 8 deg


π ⋅ RDE ⋅ αDE
Length of the Curved Section lDE ≔ ――――= 118.682 m
180 deg
Elevation of Section Relative depthDE ≔ 0 m
to Water Level

Straight Section E-F

Angle of the Axis Relative to θEF ≔ 8 deg


Horizontal
Angle of the Axis Relative to
Horizontal

Length of Straight Section lEF ≔ 27 m

Elevation of Section Relative depthEF ≔ 0 m


to Water Level

Calculation

Calculation of Pipe Weight

Internal Diameter Dib ≔ Do - 2 ⋅ ts = 16.124 in

Internal Diameter of CRA Di ≔ Do - 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝ts + tCRA⎞⎠ = 15.887 in


Lined Pipe

Diameter of Anti-Corrosion Dacc ≔ Do + 2 ⋅ tcoating = 18.236 in


Coating

kg
Weight of Backing Steel wst ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Do 2 - Dib 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ρs = 254.684 ―
m

kg
Weight of CRA Layer wCRA ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dib 2 - Di 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ρCRA = 31.189 ―
m
kg
Weight of Anti-corrosion wcoating ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dacc - Do ⎞⎠ ⋅ ρcoating = 4.12 ―
2 2

Coating m

kg
Buoyancy due to Mud b ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dacc 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ρmud = 242.287 ―
m
kg
Effective (Submerged) ws ≔ wst + wCRA + wcoating - b = 47.706 ―
Weight of Pipe m

Pulling Force Calculation

Pulling Force at Section A-B

Friction between Pipe and Soil frictionAB ≔ ws ⋅ lAB ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θAB⎞⎠ ⋅ μsoil = 368.488 kg

Fluid Drag between Pipe and DRAGAB ≔ 12 ⋅ π ⋅ Do ⋅ lAB ⋅ μmud = 1575.357 kg


Drilling Fluid

Right End Tension TA ≔ 0

Individual Pulling Force for


Section A-B
Individual Pulling Force for
Section A-B
ΔTAB ≔ ||frictionAB|| + DRAGAB - ws ⋅ lAB ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θAB⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.771 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

Left End Tension TB ≔ TA + ΔTAB = 1771.22 kg

Pulling Force at Section B-C (Point C)


⎛ ⎛ αBC ⎞⎞
Displacement of a Circular hBC ≔ RBC ⋅ ⎜1 - cos ⎜―― ⎟⎟ = 2.071 m
Arc with Radius ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠

ts
Bending Moment of Inertia Ist ≔ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Do - ts⎞⎠ 3 ⋅ ―= ⎛⎝7.62 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m 4
of Pipe 8

Calculating the Average Tension:

Initial Average Tension tave.BC ≔ 56.94 kN

Normal Contact Force


‖ ⎛ |
Ist ⎞ 0.5
NBC ≔ ‖ jBC ← ⎜Es ⋅ ――― ⎟ | = -2778.188 kg
‖ ⎝ tave.BC ⎠ |
‖ |
‖ U ← ――― 12 ⋅ lBC |
‖ BC jBC |
‖ |
‖ X ← ⎛3 ⋅ l - ⎛j ⎞ ⋅ tanh ⎛ UBC ⎞⎞ |
‖ BC ⎜⎝ BC ⎝ BC⎠ ⎜―― ⎟⎟ |
⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
‖ ⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞ |
‖ YBC ← ⎜18 ⋅ ⎛⎝lBC⎞⎠ 2 - ⎛⎝jBC⎞⎠ 2 ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― 1 |
‖ ⎛ UBC ⎞ ⎟⎟ |
‖ ⎜ ⎜ cosh ⎜―― ⎟ ⎟⎟ |
‖ ⎜
⎝ ⎜
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠⎟⎠ |
‖ tave.BC ⎛ ws ⎞ |
‖ 12 ⋅ ――― ⋅ hBC - ⎜―⎟ ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠ ⋅ YBC |
g
‖ ―――――――――――― ⎝ 12 ⎠ |
‖ X |
‖ BC |

Friction between Pipe and frictionBC ≔ NBC ⋅ μsoil = -833.457 kg


Soil

Fluid Drag between Pipe and DRAGBC ≔ 12 ⋅ π ⋅ Do ⋅ lBC ⋅ μmud = 7191.044 kg


Drilling Fluid

Right End Tension TB = 1771.22 kg

Individual Pulling Force for


Section B-C
ΔTBC ≔ 2 ||frictionBC|| + DRAGBC - ws ⋅ lBC ⋅ ⎛⎝sin ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 8069.972 kg
Left End Tension TC ≔ TB + ΔTBC = 9841.192 kg

Pulling Force at Section C-D, Point D

Friction between Pipe and frictionCD ≔ ws ⋅ lCD ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θCD⎞⎠ ⋅ μsoil = 0 kg


Soil

Fluid Drag between Pipe and DRAGCD ≔ 12 ⋅ π ⋅ Do ⋅ lCD ⋅ μmud = 0 kg


Drilling Fluid

Right End Tension TC = 9841.192 kg

Individual Pulling Force for


Section C-D

ΔTCD ≔ ||frictionCD|| + DRAGCD - ws ⋅ lCD ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θCD⎞⎠ = 0 kg

Left End Tension TD ≔ TC + ΔTCD = 9841.192 kg

Pulling Force at Section D-E,Point E


⎛ ⎛ αDE ⎞⎞
Displacement of Circular Arc hDE ≔ RDE ⋅ ⎜1 - cos ⎜―― ⎟⎟ = 2.071 m
with Radius ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠

ts
Bending Moment of Inertia IST ≔ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Do - ts⎞⎠ 3 ⋅ ―= ⎛⎝7.617 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m 4
of Pipe 8

Calculating the Average Tension:

Initial Average Tension tave.DE ≔ 133.89 kN

Normal Contact Force


‖ ⎛ |
‖ Ist ⎞ 0.5 | = -1930.648 kg
NDE ≔ jDE ← ⎜Es ⋅ ――― ⎟
‖ ⎝ tave.DE ⎠
|
‖ |
‖ U ← ――― 12 ⋅ lDE |
‖ DE jDE |
‖ |
‖ X ← ⎛3 ⋅ l - ⎛ jDE ⎞ ⋅ tanh ⎛ UDE ⎞⎞ |
‖ DE ⎜⎝ DE ⎜⎝―― 2 ⎠
⎟ ⎜―― ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ |
‖ ⎛ ⎞|
‖ YDE ← 18 ⋅ ⎛⎝lDE⎞⎠ 2 - ⎛⎝jDE⎞⎠ 2 ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― 1 |
‖ ⎛ UDE ⎞ ⎟ |
‖ ⎜ cosh ⎜―― ⎟⎟|
‖ ⎜
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠⎟ |
‖ tave.DE ⎛ ws ⎞ |
‖ 12 ⋅ ――― ⋅ hDE - ⎜―⎟ ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠ ⋅ YDE |
g
‖ ―――――――――――― ⎝ 12 ⎠ |
‖ X |
‖ DE |
‖ X ← 3 ⋅ l - jDE ⋅ tanh UDE |
‖ DE ⎜⎝ DE ⎜⎝―― 2 ⎠
⎟ ⎜―― ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ |
‖ ⎛ ⎞|
‖ YDE ← 18 ⋅ ⎛⎝lDE⎞⎠ 2 - ⎛⎝jDE⎞⎠ 2 ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― 1 |
‖ ⎛ UDE ⎞ ⎟ |
‖ ⎜ cosh ⎜―― ⎟⎟|
‖ ⎜
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠⎟ |
‖ tave.DE ⎛ ws ⎞ |
‖ 12 ⋅ ――― ⋅ hDE - ⎜―⎟ ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θBC⎞⎠ ⋅ YDE |
g
‖ ―――――――――――― ⎝ 12 ⎠ |
‖ X |
‖ DE |

Friction between Pipe and Soil frictionDE ≔ NDE ⋅ μsoil = -579.194 kg

Fluid Drag between Pipe and DRAGDE ≔ 12 ⋅ π ⋅ Do ⋅ lDE ⋅ μmud = 7191.044 kg


Drilling Fluid

Right End Tension TD = 9841.192 kg

Individual Pulling Force for


Section D-E

ΔTDE ≔ 2 ||frictionDE|| + DRAGDE + ws ⋅ lDE ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θDE⎞⎠ = 9137.417 kg

Left End Tension TE ≔ TD + ΔTDE = 18978.609 kg

Pulling Force Section E-F, Point F

Friction between Pipe and Soil frictionEF ≔ ws ⋅ lEF ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θEF⎞⎠ ⋅ μsoil = 382.661 kg

Fluid Drag between Pipe and DRAGEF ≔ 12 ⋅ π ⋅ Do ⋅ lEF ⋅ μmud = 1635.948 kg


Drilling Fluid

Right End Tension TE = 18978.609 kg

Individual Pulling Force for


Section E-F
ΔTEF ≔ ||frictionEF|| + DRAGEF + ws ⋅ lEF ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θEF⎞⎠ = 2197.873 kg

Left End Tension TF ≔ TE + ΔTEF

Total Pulling Force

Total Pull Load


Ttotal ≔ ΔTAB + ΔTBC + ΔTCD + ΔTDE + ΔTEF = 21176.482 kg

Ttotal = 23.343 ton

Stress Verification During Installation


Tensile Stress

Array Definition for HDD i ≔ 0,1‥4


Sections
⎡ TB ⎤ ⎡ 1.952 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
T
⎢ C ⎥ ⎢ 10.848 ⎥
Pulling Force at End Section pull.force ≔ ⎢ TD ⎥ = ⎢ 10.848 ⎥ ton
⎢ TE ⎥ ⎢ 20.92 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 23.343 ⎥⎦
⎣ TF ⎦ ⎣

Pull Load at HDD Section Ts ≔ pull.force


i i

Cross Sectional Area of Pipe Ast ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Do 2 - Di 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.036 m 2

Ts ⋅ g
i
Tensile Stress fts ≔ ――
i Ast

Allowable Maximum Tensile Ft ≔ 0.9 ⋅ SMYS


i
Stress
fts
i
UC for Tensile Stress Criteria UCft ≔ ――
i Ft
i

Tensile Stress Check

Checkft ≔ ‖ if fts < Ft ||


i ‖ i i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |

Bending Stress
⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0⎤
⎢R ⎥ ⎢
850 ⎥
⎢ BC ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Bending Radius Array bend.radius ≔ ⎢ 0 ⎥ = ⎢ 0 ⎥ m
⎢ RDE ⎥ ⎢ 850 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

Rbend ≔ bend.radius
i i

fbs ≔ ‖ if Rbend = 0 | |
i ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
Rbend ≔ bend.radius
i i

Bending Stress fbs ≔ ‖ if Rbend = 0 | |


i ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ Es ⋅ Do | |
‖ ‖ ―――
2 ⋅ Rbend | |
‖ ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||

‖ D ||
‖ o 1.5 ⋅ 10 6
Fb ≔ if ― ≤ ――――― ||
i ‖ ts SMYS ⋅ psi -1 ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ 0.75 ⋅ SMYS ||
‖ 1.5 ⋅ 10 6 D o 3 ⋅ 10 6
||
‖ else if ――――― < ― ≤ ――――― ||
‖ SMYS ⋅ psi -1 ts SMYS ⋅ psi -1 | |
‖ ‖⎛ ⎛ Do ⎞⎞ ||
Allowable Maximum Bending ‖ ‖ ⎜0.84 - ⎜1.74 ⋅ SMYS ⋅ ―― ⎟⎟ ⋅ SMYS ||
Stress ‖ ‖⎝ ⎝ E ⋅ t ⎠⎠ ||
‖ ‖
s s
||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖⎛ ⎛ Do ⎞⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜0.72 - ⎜0.58 ⋅ SMYS ⋅ ――⎟⎟ ⋅ SMYS | |
‖ ‖ ⎝ ⎝ Es ⋅ ts ⎠⎠ | ||
‖ ‖

fbs
i
UC for Bending Stress UCfb ≔ ――
i Fb
i

Checkfb ≔ ‖ if fbs < Fb ||


i ‖ i i ||
Bending Stress Check ‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |
Hoop Stress
⎡ depthAB ⎤
⎢ ⎥
depthBC
⎢ ⎥
depth ≔ ⎢ depthCD ⎥ ds ≔ depth
i i
Depth Array ⎢ depthDE ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ depthEF ⎦

External Pressure due to pe ≔ ds ⋅ ρmud ⋅ g


i i
Drilling Mud

Pressure Difference Δp ≔ pe - pins


i i

Δp ⋅ Do
i
fh ≔ ―――
i 2 ⋅ ts
Δp ⋅ Do
i
Hoop Stress due to External fh ≔ ―――
Pressure
i 2 ⋅ ts
‖ ⎛ ts ⎞ 2 |

Fhe ≔ Fhe ← 0.88 ⋅ Es ⋅ ⎜―⎟ |
i ‖ D
⎝ o⎠ |
‖ ||
‖ if Fhe ≤ 0.5 ⋅ SMYS ||
‖ ‖ Fhe ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ else if 0.5 ⋅ SMYS < Fhe ≤ 1.6 ⋅ SMYS| |
‖ ‖ ||
Allowable Hoop Buckling ‖ ‖ 0.4 ⋅ SMYS + 0.18 ⋅ Fhe ||
‖ else if 1.6 ⋅ SMYS < Fhe ≤ 6.2 ⋅ SMYS| |
‖ ‖ ||
1.31 ⋅ SMYS
‖ ‖ ――――― ||
‖ ‖ SMYS ||
‖ ‖ 1.15 + ――― ||
‖ ‖ Fhe
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ SMYS ||
‖ ‖ | ||
Fhe
i
Allowable Maximum Hoop Fh ≔ ――
Stress
i 1.5
fh
i
UC for Hoop Stress UCfh ≔ ――
i Fh
i

Checkfh ≔ if fh < Fh |
i i i|
‖ “OK” |
Hoop Stress Check ‖ |
else |
‖ “NOT OK” |
‖ |

Combined Load - Tension and Bending


fts fbs
i i
Unity Check for Tension and UCtb ≔ ―― + ――
Bending Combined Load
i Ft Fb
i i

Checktb ≔ ‖ if UCtb < 1 | |


i ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||
Tension and Bending ‖ ‖ “OK” ||
Combined Load Check ‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |

Combined Load - Tension, Bending, and Hoop


Combined Load - Tension, Bending, and Hoop
‖ 1.25 |
UCtbh ≔ ‖ Atbh ← ⎛fts + fbs - 0.5 ⋅ fh ⎞ ⋅ ――― |
i ⎜⎝ i i⎟ SMYS
‖ i i
⎠ |
‖ ⎛ ts ⎞ 2 |
‖ Fhe ← 0.88 ⋅ Es ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ |
‖ i
⎝ Do ⎠ |
Unity Check for Tension, Bending, ‖ fh |
‖ i |
and Hoop Stresses Interaction ‖ Btbh ← 1.5 ⋅ ―― |
‖ i Fhe |
i
‖ |
‖ Atbh + Btbh + 2 ⋅ ν ⋅ Atbh ⋅ Btbh |
i i i i

‖ ||

Checktbh ≔ ‖ if UCtbh < 1 | |


i ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||
Tension and Interaction of Tension, ‖ ‖ “OK” ||
Bending, and Hoop Stresses Combined ‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
Check ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ ‖ |

Hydrotest Load and Stress

Shear Stress (PRCI No. L51730)

Bending Stress fbs.h ≔ fbs


i i

Pressure Difference Δph ≔ ph - pe


i
Δph ⋅ Di o
i
Hoop Stress fh.h ≔ ―――
i 2 ⋅ ts
Thermal Stress ft.h ≔ Es ⋅ kth ⋅ ⎛⎝Tins - Th⎞⎠
i

Longitudinal Stress due to fp.h ≔ ν ⋅ fh.h


i i
Pressure

Total Longitudinal Stress flong.h1 ≔ -fbs.h + ft.h + fp.h


i i i i

flong.h2 ≔ fbs.h + ft.h + fp.h


i i i i

flong.h3 ≔ ‖ if flong.h1 < 0 ∧ flong.h2 < 0 ||


i ‖ i i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ |min ⎛flong.h1i , flong.h2i⎞| ||
‖ ‖| ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠|
||
‖ else if flong.h1 < 0 ∧ flong.h2 > 0| |
‖ i i
||
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ if |flong.h1i|| > flong.h2i|| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ flong.h1 |
| ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
i
||
‖ ‖ |
|
flong.h3 ≔ ‖ if flong.h1 < 0 ∧ flong.h2 < 0 ||
i ‖ i i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ |min ⎛flong.h1i , flong.h2i⎞| ||
‖ ‖| ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠|
||
‖ else if flong.h1 < 0 ∧ flong.h2 > 0| |
‖ i i
||
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ if |flong.h1i|| > flong.h2i|| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ flong.h1 |
| ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
i
||
‖ ‖ else |
| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ flong.h2 |
||
‖ ‖ ‖ i |
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ||
‖ else if flong.h1i > 0 ∧ flong.h2i < 0| |
‖ ||
‖ ‖ if |flong.h2 | > flong.h1 | ||
‖ ‖ | i| i|
||
‖ ‖ ‖f | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ long.h2i | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ else | ||
‖ ‖ ‖f | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ long.h1i | ||
‖ ‖‖ ‖ |
||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ⎛flong.h1 , flong.h2 ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ max
⎜⎝ i i ⎟⎠ || |
‖ ‖ |
fh.h - flong.h1
i i
fν.h1 ≔ ―――――
i 2
fh.h - flong.h2
i i
Max. Shear Stress fv.h2 ≔ ―――――
(Timoshenko and Gere)
i 2
fv.h ≔ max ⎛fν.h1 , fv.h2 ⎞
i ⎜⎝ i i⎟

Allowable Max. Shear Stress Fv.h ≔ 0.45 ⋅ SMYS
i
fv.h
i
UC for Max. Shear Stress UCν.h ≔ ――
i Fv.h
i

Checkfv.h ≔ if fv.h < Fv.h | |
i ‖ i i ||
‖ ‖ ||
Max. Shear Stress Check ‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |

Longitudinal Stress (ASME B31.4)


Δph ⋅ Do
i
Hoop Stress SH.h ≔ ―――
i 2 ⋅ ts

Longitudinal Stress due to Sp.h ≔ 0.3 ⋅ SH.h


i i
Internal Pressure in Restrained Pipe
Longitudinal Stress due to Sp.h ≔ 0.3 ⋅ SH.h
i i
Internal Pressure in Restrained Pipe

Longitudinal Stress due to Thermal ST.h ≔ Es ⋅ kth ⋅ ⎛⎝Tins - Th⎞⎠


i
Expansion in Restrained Pipe

Longitudinal Stress due to Bending SB.h ≔ ‖ if Rbend = 0 | |


i ‖ i ||
Radius in Restrained Pipe ‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ Es ⋅ Do | |
‖ ‖ ―――
2 ⋅ Rbend | |
‖ ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||

Longitudinal Stress due to Axial Load SX.h ≔ 0 MPa


other than Thermal Expansion and
Pressure

Net Longitudinal Stress in SL1.h ≔ Sp.h + ST.h + SB.h + SX.h


i i i i
Restrained Pipe
SL2.h ≔ Sp.h + ST.h - SB.h + SX.h
i i i i

SL.h ≔ ‖ if SL1.h < 0 ∧ SL2.h < 0 ||


i ‖ i i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎛SL1.hi , SL2.hi⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
||
‖ else if SL1.h < 0 ∧ SL2.h > 0| |
‖ i i
||
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ if |SL1.hi|| > SL2.hi|| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ SL1.h |
| ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
i
||
‖ ‖ else |
| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ SL2.h |
||
‖ ‖ ‖ i |
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ||
‖ else if SL1.hi > 0 ∧ SL2.hi < 0| |
‖ ||
‖ ‖ if |SL2.h | > SL1.h | ||
‖ ‖ | i| i|
||
‖ ‖ ‖S | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ L2.hi | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ else | ||
‖ ‖ ‖S | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ L1.hi | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ |
||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ max ⎜SL1.hi , SL2.hi⎟ || |
⎝ ⎠
‖ ‖ |
‖ | ||
‖ ‖ else | ||
‖ ‖ ‖S | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ L1.hi | ||
‖ ‖‖ ‖ |
||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ max ⎜SL1.hi , SL2.hi⎟ || |
⎝ ⎠
‖ ‖ |

Max. Allowable Longitudinal SAL.h ≔ 0.9 ⋅ SMYS


Stress in Restrained Pipe
|SL.h |
| i|
UC for Longitudinal Stress UCL.h ≔ ――
i SAL.h
CheckSL.h ≔ ‖ if |SL.h | < SAL.h| |
i ‖ | i| ||
‖ ‖ ||
Max. Longitudinal Stress Check ‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |

Combined Stress (ASME B31.4)

Torsional Stress for Combined Stress St.h ≔ 0 MPa


in Restrained Pipe
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ SL.h - SH.h ⎞ 2
⎜ i i⎟
Combined Stress in Restrained SC1.h ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ + St.h 2
Pipe
i
⎝ 2 ⎠
SC2.hi ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
S 2
-S
H.hi ⋅S +S 2 +3⋅S 2
H.hi L.hi L.hi t.h

Max. Combined Stress in Restrained SC.h ≔ max ⎛SC1.h , SC2.h ⎞


Pipe
i ⎜⎝ i i⎟

Max. Allowable Combined Stress in SAC.h ≔ 0.9 ⋅ SMYS


Restrained Pipe
SC.h
i
UC for Combined Stress UCC.h ≔ ――
i SAC.h
Max. Combined Stress Check CheckSC.h ≔ ‖ if SC.h < SAC.h | |
i ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |

Operating Load and Stress

Shear Stress based on PRCI No. L51730

Bending Stress fbs.o ≔ fbs


i i
fbs.o ≔ fbs
i i

Pressure Difference Δpo ≔ pd - pe


i
Δpo ⋅iDo
i
Hoop Stress fh.o ≔ ――――
i 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝ts - CA⎞⎠
Thermal Stress ft.o ≔ Es ⋅ kth ⋅ ⎛⎝Tins - Td⎞⎠
i

Longitudinal Stress due to Pressure fp.o ≔ ν ⋅ fh.o


i i

Total Longitudinal Compressive Stress flong.o1 ≔ -fbs.o + ft.o + fp.o


i i i i

flong.o2 ≔ fbs.o + ft.o + fp.o


i i i i

flong.o ≔ ‖ if flong.o1 < 0 ∧ flong.o2 < 0 ||


i ‖ i i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎛flong.o1i , flong.o2i⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
||
‖ else if flong.o1 < 0 ∧ flong.o2 > 0| |
‖ i i
||
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ if |flong.o1i|| > flong.o2i|| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ flong.o1 |
| ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
i
||
‖ ‖ else |
| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ flong.o2 |
||
‖ ‖ ‖ i |
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ||
‖ else if flong.o1i > 0 ∧ flong.o2i < 0| |
‖ ||
‖ ‖ if |flong.o2 | > flong.o1 | ||
‖ ‖ | i| i|
||
‖ ‖ ‖f | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ long.o2i | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ else | ||
‖ ‖ ‖f | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ long.o1i | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ |
||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ max ⎜flong.o1i , flong.o2i⎟ || |
⎝ ⎠
‖ ‖ |
Max. Shear Stress
(Timoshenko and Gere) fh.o - flong.o1
i i
fv.o1 ≔ ―――――
i 2
fh.o - flong.o2
i i
fv.o2 ≔ ―――――
i 2
fv.o ≔ max ⎛fv.o1 , fv.o2 ⎞
i ⎜⎝ i i⎟

fv.o ≔ max ⎛fv.o1 , fv.o2 ⎞
i ⎜⎝ i i⎟

Allowable Max. Shear Stress Fv.o ≔ 0.45 ⋅ SMYS
i
fv.o
i
Unity Check for Max. Shear UCv.o ≔ ――
Stress
i Fv.o
i

Checkfv.o ≔ ‖ if fv.o < Fv.o | |


i ‖ i i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
Max. Shear Stress Check ‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |
Longitudinal Stress (ASME B31.4)
Δpo ⋅ Do
i
Hoop Stress SH.o ≔ ――――
i 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝ts - CA⎞⎠
Longitudinal Stress due to Internal Sp.o ≔ ν ⋅ SH.o
i i
Pressure in Restrained Pipe

Longitudinal Stress due to Thermal ST.o ≔ Es ⋅ kth ⋅ ⎛⎝Tins - Td⎞⎠


i
Expansion in Restrained Pipe

Longitudinal Stress due to Bending SB.o ≔ ‖ if Rbend = 0 | |


i ‖ i ||
Radius in Restrained Pipe ‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖0 ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ Es ⋅ Do | |
‖ ‖ ―――
2 ⋅ Rbend | |
‖ ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||

Longitudinal Stress due to Axial Load SX.o ≔ 0 MPa


other than Thermal Expansion and
Pressure

Net Longitudinal Stress in Restrained SL1.o ≔ Sp.o + ST.o + SB.o + SX.o


i i i i
Pipe
SL2.o ≔ Sp.o + ST.o - SB.o + SX.o
i i i i

SL.o ≔ ‖ if SL1.o < 0 ∧ SL2.o > 0 ||


i ‖ i i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎛SL1.oi , SL2.oi⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
||
‖ else if SL1.o < 0 ∧ SL2.o > 0| |
‖ i i
||
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ if |SL1.oi|| > SL2.oi|| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ SL1.o |
| ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
i
||
‖ ‖ else |
| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ SL2.o |
||
‖ i |
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ min ⎛SL1.oi , SL2.oi⎞ ||
‖ ‖ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
||
‖ else if SL1.o < 0 ∧ SL2.o > 0| |
‖ i i
||
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ if |SL1.oi|| > SL2.oi|| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ SL1.o |
| ||
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
i
||
‖ ‖ else |
| ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ‖ SL2.o |
||
‖ ‖ ‖ i |
‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ||
‖ else if SL1.oi > 0 ∧ SL2.oi < 0| |
‖ ||
‖ ‖ if |SL2.o | > SL1.o | ||
‖ ‖ | i| i|
||
‖ ‖ ‖S | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ L2.oi | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ | ||
‖ ‖ else | ||
‖ ‖ ‖S | ||
‖ ‖ ‖ L1.oi | ||
‖ ‖‖ ‖ |
||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ⎛ ⎞ ||
‖ ‖ max ⎜SL1.oi , SL2.oi⎟ || |
‖ ‖ ⎝ ⎠
|

Max. Allowable Longitudinal SAL.o ≔ 0.9 ⋅ SMYS


Stress in Restrained Pipe
|SL.o |
| i|
Unity Check for Longitudinal Stress UCL.o ≔ ――
i SAL.o
Max. Longitudinal Stress CheckSL.o ≔ ‖ if |SL.o | < SAL.o| |
i ‖ | i| ||
Check ‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |
Combined Stress (ASME B31.4)

Torsional Stress for Combined Stress in St.o ≔ 0 MPa


Restrained Pipe
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ SL.o - SH.o ⎞ 2
⎜ i i⎟
2
Combined Stress in Restrained Pipe SC1.o ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ + St.o
i
⎝ 2 ⎠
SC2.oi ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
S 2 -S
H.oi ⋅S +S 2 +3⋅S 2
H.oi L.oi L.oi t.o

Max. Combined Stress in SC.o ≔ max ⎛SC1.o , SC2.o ⎞


Restrained Pipe
i ⎜⎝ i i⎟

Max. Allowable Combined SAC.o ≔ 0.9 ⋅ SMYS


Stress in Restrained Pipe
SC.o
i
Unity Check for Combined UCC.o ≔ ――
Stress
i SAC.o
SC.o
i
Unity Check for Combined UCC.o ≔ ――
Stress
i SAC.o

Max. Combined Stress Check CheckSC.o ≔ ‖ if SC.o < SAC.o | |


i ‖ i ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “OK” ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “NOT OK” | |
‖ |

Check Results - Installation


⎡ “OK” ⎤ ⎡ “OK” ⎤
⎢ “OK” ⎥ ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Tensile Stress Check Checkft = ⎢ “OK” ⎥ Bending Stress Check Checkfb = ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ “OK” ⎥ ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦
⎡ “OK” ⎤ ⎡ “OK” ⎤
⎢ “OK” ⎥ ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Hoop Stress Check Checkfh = ⎢ “OK” ⎥ Tension and Bending Checktb = ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ “OK” ⎥ Stress Combined Check ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦

⎡ “OK” ⎤
⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ ⎥
Tension, Bend, and Checktbh = ⎢ “OK” ⎥
Hoop Stresses ⎢ “OK” ⎥
Combined Check ⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦

Check Results - Hydrotest ⎡ “OK” ⎤ ⎡ “OK” ⎤


⎢ “OK” ⎥ ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Shear Stress Check Checkfv.h = ⎢ “OK” ⎥ Longitudinal Stress CheckSL.h = ⎢ “OK” ⎥
i
⎢ “OK” ⎥ Check ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦
⎡ “OK” ⎤
⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ ⎥
Combined Stress CheckSC.h = ⎢ “OK” ⎥
Check ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦

Check Results - Operating ⎡ “OK” ⎤ ⎡ “OK” ⎤


⎢ “OK” ⎥ ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Shear Stress Check Checkfv.o = ⎢ “OK” ⎥ Longitudinal Stress CheckSL.o = ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ “OK” ⎥ Check ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦
⎡ “OK” ⎤ ⎡ “OK” ⎤
⎢ “OK” ⎥ ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Checkfv.o = ⎢ “OK” ⎥ CheckSL.o = ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ “OK” ⎥ ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦
⎡ “OK” ⎤
⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ ⎥
Combined Stress Check CheckSC.o = ⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢ “OK” ⎥
⎢⎣ “OK” ⎥⎦

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