WRITTEN EXAM

* Which of the following materials will conduct flow of

* In opening and closing an acytelene cylinder valve ,
electricity is - aluminium foil
the most appropriate hand tool to use is - utility wrench
* The primary purpose of insulation in welding cables is
* The main purpose of wearing welding mask while
to - prevent electrocution
welding is to
- enable you to perform a good welding
- protect your eyes and face
ORAL EXAM
- protect your hair from getting burn
- WELDING DEFFECTS & PREVENTION -
* Which of the following welding machine DOES NOT ( Ang mga depekto at kagamutan / kaiwasan ng welding
have a positive and a negative terminal connection is )
-tranaformer type of welding machine
* High wind velocity prevention - If welding is in windly
* Post weld heat treatment is also reffered to as - stress area , installed a wind shield or barrier.
releaving
Ang malakas na hangin paano maiiwasan - kapag nasa
* Which welding process normally feeds the wire of mahanging lugar ang welding , maglagay ng wind shield
electrode is - GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) o kahit anong pangharang.

* Which welding process used coated electrode is - * The ideal length of arc and effect of too long arc - arc
SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) length should not exceed the diameter of the core of
electrode excessively long arc increase voltage and
* The number 16" in E-308-16 electrode means - produce spotter , low deposition rate , undercuts and
applicable welding current may be porosity.

* Which welding is appropriate for welding A-240 type Ang inaasahang haba ng arc at ang epekto ng
304 materials is - 308 masyadong mahabang arc - ang arc length ay hindi
dapat lumampas sa diameter ng core ng electrode o sa
* Which of the following electrode is normally used to haba ng electrode. ang sobrang haba ng arc ay
weld root pass is - E-6011 nakapagpapataas ng boltahe at naglalabas ng spotter ,
mababang deposit ng welding , maaari ring magka
* Welding distortion , warpage and stresses are caused undercuts o putol-putol na welding o kaya naman ay
by - high temperature heat porosity.

* The affected zone is located to - at the base metal * The effect on the weld if the electrode is held too
adjacent to the fusion line closely to the materials being weld - holding the
electrode too closely decrease welding voltage creating
* Which electrode is used to weld stainless steel to an erratic arc that may extinguish self or cause the rod
carbon steel is - E-309 to freeze as well as produce a weld bead with a high
crown.
* Which plate thickness does not require edge
preparation for welding is - 3mm Ang epekto sa welding pag ang electrode ay masyadong
malapit sa ni wewelding na materyal - ang paghawak ng
* A joint between to members alligned approximately in electrode na masyadong malapit ay nakakapagpababa
the same plan is called - butt joint ng boltahe ng welding na gumagawa ng pabago-bagong
laki ng arc na maaaring makasakit sa sarili , katulad ng
* A joint between two overlapping members is called - pagkasunog o maaari ding pagkamatay , maaari ding
lap joint mawala ang apoy ng welding o kaya naman ay maging
dahilan upang mafreeze ang welding rod o dumikit pati
* In DC reverse polarity set-up , the positive terminal of na rin makapaggawa ng weld bead na may mataas na
the welding machine is connected to the - electrode korona.
handle
* We can prevent welding injuries through using
* Convert millimeter , a 5/32" electrode has a diameter appropriate PPE and proper handling of equipment and
of - 4.0mm awareness to safety practice.

* The strength of electrode is expressed in terms of - PSI Maari nating maiwasan o mapigilan ang mga welding
(Pound , Square , Inch) injuries sa pamamagitan ng paggamit at pagsusuot ng
PPE at tamang paghawak ng mga kagamitan / 1.insufficient root gap
equipment. 2.too low travel speed
3.too low welding current
* Avoiding electric shock during welding is when you. 4.incorrect touch angle
1.Ground all electrical equipment in the work place ,
2.Use recommended cable size , Dahilan ng mahinang penetration at incomplete fusion
3.Make sure all electrode connection ate tight , clean , (hindi komplitong paghalo ng weld metal sa base metal)
and dry , 1.hindi sapat na root gap
4.Keep work area , equipment and clothing are dry at all 2.masyadong mabagal ang travel speed
times. 3.masyadong mahina ang boltahe
4.hindi tamang angulo
Para maiwasan ang pagkapinsala ng kuryente o
pagsabog mg kuryente sa pinaggagawaan * Carbon steel plate has the tendency to crack because
1.I-ground ang lahat ng electrical equipment sa cracks on weld in the carbon steel materials are caused
pinaggagawan. by the prepared cooling of weld.
2.Gumamit ng rekomendadong size ng cable.
3.Siguraduhing lahat ng electrical connection ay Ang carbon steel plate ay may posibilidad na pumutok
mahigpit , malinis at tuyo. dahil ang mga bitak sa weld sa mga carbon steel na
4.Panatilihing ang lugar , kagamitan at damit ay tuyo sa materyales ay sanhi ng inihandang paglamig ng weld.
lahat ng oras.
- WELDING TECHNIQUE -
* To prevent warpage or distortion - do not over weld , * Stress relieving - means controlled heating of the weld
use few weld passes as possible and use back step meant to an elevated temperature followed by
welding. controlled cooling. It is one way of removing skin range
forces after welding in order to minimize distortion.
Para mapigilan ang warpage (pagtabingi) o distortion
(pagkatabingi ng hitsura) - wag sobrahan ang welding , Stress relieving - kontroladong pagpapainit ng weld sa
gumamit ng ilang weld passes lamang hanggat maaari at elevated temperature kasunod ng kontroladong
gumamit ng back step welding. pagpapalamig. Ito ay isang paraan

* To prevent to occur slag infussion and undercuts is to

correct these two.
a.Insufficient cleaning of weld causes slag infusion.
b.High current cause undercuts.

Para mapigilan magkaroon ng slag infusion (hilaw na

tunaw) at undercuts (butas na sanhi ng pagkaputol)
dapat itama ang dalawang bagay na ito.
a.kulang na paglilis ng welding na nagiging sanhi ng slag
infusion.
b.mataas na kuryente (current) na nagiging sanhi ng
undercuts.

* Factors to consider in the selection of electrode must

match basic metal preparation

Factor (salik) na dapat isaalang-alang sa pagpili ng

electrode na match o tama sa metal na ihahanda

- CAUSES OF WELDING DEFECTS -

* Causes of warpage or destortion - result of tight
exposition and contraction of the weld metal and
including process.

Dahilan ng warpage o distortion (pagka-iba ng korte ng

niwewelding) - resulta ng paghigpit at pagluwag ng weld
metal sa base metal habang nagpapalamig.

* Causes of poor penetration and incomplete fusion.

( INCORRECT WELD)
1. Oversize reinforcement excessive -
Napakalaking tunaw ng welding
2. Under filling - kulang
3. Over lapping - subra
4. Waveness of bead - paalon alon na tunaw
5. Lack of penetration - hindi lumagpas
6. Porosity - butas butas

( WELD DEFECTS)
1. Burn through - subrang pagkasunog
2. Improper tie - maling pagdudugtong
3. Excessive penetration - subrang pagtagos
4. Incomplete fusion - hindi kumplitong paghalo
ng weld metal sa base metal
5. Incomplete or insufficient penetration -
kulang o hindi sapat na penetration o tagos