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Class 12 maths question bank chapter 2 with questions, mcq, assertion reason and case based questions.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
156 views42 pagesch-4 Maths Class 12th
Class 12 maths question bank chapter 2 with questions, mcq, assertion reason and case based questions.
Uploaded by
KajalCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 42
A Determinants
POINTS TO
‘REMEMBER
1. Determinant: Every square matrix can be associated to an expression or a number which is known,
as its determinant.
ay A
Determinant of square matrix A = is given by
2 aay Ma] BER PY
ay
[An 42]
VAT=[a aa| = Aina ate
aq by
and determinant ofa matrix A=|a, b, c,| is given by
4, by C5]
a,b
[4 [ela & a] = ie ale”
2b Gl =m)p ila,
a5 b,c,
This is known as the expansion of | | along first row.
In fact, | A| can be expanded along any of its rows or columns.
2. Singular and Non-singular Matrix: A square matrix is a singular matrix if its determinant is zero.
Otherwise, itis a non-singular matrix.
43)
o
a
|
n
|
©)
ze)
fal
c&
fal
x
®
inal
A
3. Minor: Let A= [aj] bea square matrix of ordern. Then the minor Myof ayin A is the determinant
of the sub-matrix of order (n ~ 1) obtained by leaving ith row and jth column of A
123
-3 2 1], the
2-43
For example, if A= en,
(2 Cofactor: The cofactor C; of ay in A = [4j]yu is equal to (-1)" times My
123
32-41
243
For example, if A , then
C= C2) My, = My = 2and Cy = (1)? My =-My =7 and soon nu.
Area of a triangle with vertices (x,, y,), (y Y2) and (xy ys) is given by
a eg 2
A= Numerical value of 3} Ys 1
25s 1
Note: Since area is positive quantity therefore we take absolute value of A.
(i) If A isa skew-symmetric matrix of odd order, then | A | = 0.
(ii) The determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of even order is a perfect square.
Some Important Facts:
(Only square matrices have determinants.
(i) We cannot equate the corresponding elements of equal determinants like matrices
xy
Im
np
(ii) In the case of matrices. We take out any common factor from each elements of matrix, while in
the case of determinants we can take out common factor from any one row or any one column
of the determinant.
(io) If the value of determinant ‘A’ becomes zero by substituting x =a then (x ~ a) is factor of the
determinant ‘A’
(v) Ifareais given then both positive and negative values of the determinant is taken for calculation,
(vi) To prove three points collinear, we show area of the triangle formed by these three points is
zero.
Adjoint of a Matrix: If A = [aj] is a square matrix of order m and Cy denote the cofactor of ay in
A, then the transpose of the matrix of cofactors of elements of A is called the adjoint of A and is
denoted by adj A.
ie, adj A =[CJ"
4s Ma ta Ga Sn Son
I A=|a ap da} then adj A=|Cy Co Ca
3 Aap Aaa Gia Cag Coa
|. The adjoint of a square matrix of order 2 can be obtained by interchanging the diagonal elements
and changing the signs of off-diagonal elements.
a -)
it aft
e mc a
> 4
Fag
|. If Aisa square matrix of order n, then A (adj A) = | A], = (adj A) A.
Some Properties of Adjoint of a Square Matrix:
If A and B are square matrices of the same order n, then,
(i) adj (AB) = (adj B) (adj A) (i) adj AT = (adj A)"
(dif) adj (adj A) =|A|"-7A ie) Jadj A|= |)"
Invertible Matrix: A square matrix A of order m is invertible, if there exists a square matrix B of the
same order such that AB = I, = BA.
Tn such a case, we say that the inverse of matrix A is Band we write A”
Following are some properties of inverse of a matrix:
() Every invertible matrix possesses a unique inverse.
(ii) If Ais an invertible matrix, then (47) (ii) A square matrix is invertible, if itis non-singular.
1
jay esi)
(2) If A and B are two invertible matrices of the same order, then (AB)? = BA“.
ayr
(iv) If A is a non-singular matrix, then A
(vi) If Ais an invertible matrix, then (47)
(oii) The inverse of an invertible symmetric matrix is a symmetric matrix.
_
[A]
12. System of Linear Equations: A system of n simultancous linear equations in n unknowns
(viii) If A is a non-singular matrix, then | A™'|
Kay yp apn Kn dS
Ay:%; + ay
at Og =D,
ayy + yak + ae + ny = y
ky + yay + + gg = Oo
This system of equations can be written in matrix form as
My Mp
a1 aa ** Baqlf%o| _| bp
fer 2°
or, AX
My My os ay
where A=[P POP )X
aa Sez —
13. A set of values of the variable x,, x, ... x, satisfying all the equations simultaneously is called a
solution of the system.
14. If a system of equations has one or more solutions, then it is said to be a consistent system of
equations, otherwise it is an inconsistent system of equations.
15. A system of equations AX = B is called a homogeneous system, if B = O. Otherwise, it is called a
non-homogeneous system of equations.
16. System of linear equations may or may not be consistent, if consistent may or may not have unique
solution.
Itean be, decided by following flow chart:
At first system of linear equations is written in matrix form as AX = B. Then | |.adj A is obtained
ll
laleo laizo
'
System is consistent and
has niga solution given by
xeals { 1
(ag.4).2 =0 (adi4}.3 20
System of equations have System of equations
infinitely many solutions, 's inconsistent, 17. A homogeneous system of 1 linear equations in» unknowns is expressible in the form AX = O.
If |A|#0, then AX = O has unique solution X = Oie,, x =2 =... = x, = 0. This solution is called the
trivial solution,
If || =0, then AX = Ohas infinitely many solutions.
Thus, a homogeneous system of equation is always consistent.
Multiple Choice Questions
Choose and write the correct option in the following questions.
L uff ie ;| then the possible value(s) of “is/are [CBSE Sample Paper 2023]
@3 © 3 © 3 @ ¥3,-3
2. The area of a triangle with vertices (-8,0),3, 0) and (0, k) is 96q, units. The value of k will be
[NCERT Exemplar
@9 () 3 «9 We
0 x-ax-b
3. x+a 0 x-cl, then INCERT Exemplar]
xtbxte 0
(a) fa)=0 (0) fb) =0 (c) f0) =0 @ fay=0
232
4. 1f|x x x[+3=0, then the value of xis [CBSE 2020 (65/411)
491
(a) 3 (0 a @1
x23]
5. 4isa root of {1 x 1]=0, then the sum of the other two roots is
pee [CBSE (Term-1) 2021-22 (65/2/4)]
wa 3 2 5
6. If Ais a square matrix of order 3, |A'| = -3, then | AA" [CBSE Sample Paper 2023]
@o 9 3 @-3
2A ks and |A?| =27, then the value of @ is: [CBSE Exantination Paper 2022 (Term-1)]
@ +1 +2 © £5 (@) £v7
ks
8. Value of k, for which A -| a él isa singular matrix is [CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term-1)]
@4 @-4 (24 (jo
xty ytz 2x
zor oy
a |
@o 1 (xty+z @ 2e+y+2)
9. The value of is [CBSE 2023 (65/4/1)] 10. If | A | =| KA |, where A is a square matrix of order 2, then sum of all possible values of k is
[CBSE 2023 (65/2/1)]
@1 @-1 (2 @o
n. ingular matrix and a © A, then the set Ais [CBSE 2023 (65/2/1)]
@R ©) (0} (c) ta} (d) R-{4}
12
12. If Cy denotes the cofactor of element P, of the matrix P=|9 2-3], then the value of C5, . Cs
a2 4
is [CBSE (Term-1) 2021-22 (65/2/1)]
@ 5 wm (©) -24 4
18 Formatix A=| 7, 3 faa AY’ is equal to [CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term-1)]
2-5 75 71 -5
ofr] ln a
300
14. IfA.(adjA)=|0 3 0], then the value of |A| + |adj A| isequalto [CBSE 2023 (65/3/2)]
jo 0 3
@ 2 ws 3 (27
200
15. If A=|0 -2 0 |, then the value of |adj A] is [CBSE 2020 (65/3/1)]
0 0 ~
(a) 64 16 @o @-8
16. Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3. If | A| = x, then (2023)" is equal to
[CBSE 2023 (65/3/2)1
A
(@ 2023 © aa @1
43
17, The inverse of |" > _ 5] is: [CBSF Examination Paper 2022 (Term-1)]
-5 -3 53 5 7] 3
® | 7-4 © 5 ‘| ls 4 © |-7 -4
18. If | A | =2, where A is a2 x 2 matrix, then [4A™| equals {CBSE 2023 (65/1/1)]
1
@4 2 8 O a
19. If (a,b), (c,d) and (¢,f) are the vertices of ABC and A denotes the area of
ace
AABC, then |b df] is equal to [CBSE 2023 (65/2/1)]
aaa
(@ 207 & 4a? (©) 24 (@ 4a 1 -tan6][ 1 tand]*_Ja -6
20. If hee 7 IL. re) ] “| j | then [CBSE 2022 (Term-1)]
(@) a=1=b ®
(c) a=sin 26, b= cos 20 @
Answers
1 @ 2 (b) 30 40) 5. (a) 6. @) 2@
8. (0) 9. (a) 10. (d) 1. @) 2 (a) 13. (©) 4 @
45. (a) 16. (d) 7.6 18. (0) 19. (b) 20. (0)
Solutions of Selected Multiple Choice Questions
|. 2-Wadw-2M = 2x a6
=> 223 => xaty3
Option (d) is correct.
2. We know that, area of a triangle with vertices (x, 11), (¥2, ys) and (13, y3) is given by
wl liso
A % MieZi]3 0 11
wd oki
Expanding along R;, we get
1[-3(-k)-0+1%)]|
> 18= [3k +3k| = Jor]
18
kaa-$=43=3,-3
Option (b) is correct.
0 x-ax-3
3. Wehave, fix=|r+a 0 x-c
tb xte 0
0 0 a-b
> f=] 22 0 a-c| =[(e—b)12a.(a+ejl]#0
latbate 0
0 b-a 0
and FO=|b+a 0 bc] =-b-a)f-2b(b—c)] = 2Hb-aj(b—c) #0
2h bee 0
0-2 5
and FO=|2 0 ~c] =a(be)—b(ac) = abe abe =0
bc 0
Option (¢) is correct.
4. Wehave,
on 10.
Expanding along R,, we get
= - 2-18) +x(2-8)-x(18-12)+3=0
= x15) +x(-6)-x (6) +3=0
x(15-6-6)+3=0
> 3rt320 > 3(r+1)=0
= ox = xecl
Option (c) is correct.
x23
Asi xt (Given)
3 2x
=> x(x?-2)-1 2x-6)+3(2-3x) =0
> P-2y-2r 4646-94
=> P-13r412=0
Given x =~4is a root of A =0.
(+4) isa factor of x? ~ 13x + 12.
w+ 40 4x 16x 4341220
244) —4x(x 44) +3(e49)20
=> +4) (@7-4r+3)=0
Other two roots of A = 0 are the roots of 27-4 +3
Tf aand B are roots of above equation, then
atin
T
<. Sum of other two roots of A = 0 is 4.
* Option (a) is correct
AA’| = A] [A"] =(-3(-3) =9 [1A IIA]
<. Option (a) is the correct.
uu
u
As Ais singular matrix
= |Al=0
= 2-205
. Option (¢) is correct.
We have,
ety ytz ztx
As}z oxy
a id wf
Expanding along R, we get
A= (+9) @-Y)- +2) -) ++ E-2)
-~+P-24+2-2=0
Option (a) is correct.
Given A is square matrix of order 2 ie,
Also, |Al=|kA|> IAl= 1A > 152 S>ke+1
ketj-1
Sum of values of k= 1+ (-1)=0
Option (d) is correct. i} 3
Gren anna
3 a1
fe ee
2 3 1)40=91(3-a)-2(2-3)+1(2a-9) 40
3 a1
= 3ea424+2-940 Sa-440 ax
Set A= R- {4}
Option (d) is correct.
1-1 2
12, Weare given matrix P=|0 2 | (Given)
32 4
y= cofactor of py = (-1)'7) Py
Where P; denote the minor of py
12
=3-42-
on a
cy
Option (a) is correct.
a a-| 2 3]
13. Givenmatrix A=|_1, 3)
Its co-factors are
2] oF aie)
zu
52
. Option (¢) is correct.
B00
14. Given, A. (adj A)=|0 3 0
00 3.
= lAlb
100
f 10
joo 1
= \Al=
Also, |adj. A] = |A["""= [A[?""= |A]?=@)?
JA] + adj. A] =349=12
Option (a) is correct.
15, We havea matrix A of order 3 x 3 given by
-20 0
020
0 0 2
As
-2((-2)x(-2)-0) => |A|=-8 lad) A] = [A]
Option (a) is correct
lAPTse
16. Since A is a Skew-Symmetric Matrix.
7 o> |Ajeeay) > [Al ==] aT
jAl=-|A] > 2]A] =0 = |Alzo
(2023)* = (2023)
Option (d) is correct
u
AY exists
Co-factors of A are
adj A
AT
18. Given, |A
Since Ais of order 2x 2ie,, n=2.
1
= aati art [eta
[a= 471A = 16 <7
=16x5
<. Option (¢) is correct.
19. Since (a,b), (c,d) and (e,f) are the vertices of SABC
abd lace
a(¢ ¢ | = |b a fla2a
le fl fh 1 a
C<+R
>
i
> ob df) =4n?
aa
<. Option (b) is correct.
1 tand)
-tan@ 1
1 tand|
et A= = E = 1+ tan?6 = sec”
20. Let A SIAI=|_ gang 1 [=i ttan?@=sec?O
2. Cosfactors of A are 1 =tand
adiAeland 1
a adjA_ 1 2 ~tan6
IAL “sec? [tan@ 1
1 -tan8]{ 1 tan@y"_[a -
Now, ltan@ 1 |[-tand 1 | “|b @
1 -tan6}_1 [ 1 -tan6]_[a -5]
and 1 seca ltand 1 |"[b al
3 1_[i-tan*@ -2tan® i 6)
sec’ | 2tan® 1-tan’0 a
>
=
and,
cos 26, b= sin 26
Option (b) is correct.
The following questions consist of two statements—Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(@ Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.
() Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation for A.
© Ais true but R is false.
@ Ais false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A) : Determinant is a number associated with a square matrix.
Reason (R) : Determinant isa square matrix.
s—x x+1
204
Reason (R) : A square matrix is a singular matrix if its determinant is zero.
3. Assertion (A) : fA isa3x3-matrix, |A| #0and |5A|=K|A|, then the value of K = 125.
Reason (R) : If A be any square matrix of order m x n and kbe any scalar then |KA| = K"| A]
2. Assertion (A) : wal |, then the mates i singular if 23 Assertion (A) : IF | 2 ie g|nenzes
Reason (R) : IfAisa skew-symmetric matrix of odd order, then |A| =
11 2
: If A=|2 1-3), then Cy =1, where Cj denotes the co-factor of #* row and j*
5 4 9
columa,
Reason (R) : The co-factor Cy of ay in the matrix A = [aj], «, equal to (-1)'*/ Mj.
Assertion(A) : IFA is an invertible square matrix, then A" is invertible.
Reason (R) : Inverse of invertible symmetric matrix is a symmetric matrix.
Assertion(A) : If Ais an invertible matrix of order3 and |A| =5 then, |adj A| =25.
Reason (R) : If Bisa non-singular matrix of order m. Then, |adj A| = |A|*~*
1 0 3)
Assertion(A) : If A=|2 1 1] then |adj (adj A)
0 0 2
Reason (R) + Jadj(adj a)|=1a ft"
Assertion(A) : Givena system of linear equations:
2e-y=17 and 3x+5y=6 are consistent.
Reason (R) : Fora system of linear equations a,x + by +2 = d, and a,x + byy +
is said to be consistent if determinant of the coefficient is non-zero.
10. Assertion(A) : Solution of system of equations
2eey=17and3x+5y=6 is x=7, y=-3.
Reason (R) : Fora system of equations AX = B. If |A|#0 then solution of the above system
given by X= AB
Answers
1. 2 (a) 2 @ 40) 5. (a) 6. (b) 2@
8. (@) a (@) 10. (@)
Solutions of Assertion-Reason Questions
1.
Clearly, Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
For singular matrix, we have |° >” | 0 3 20-4x-2r-2=0
= 18-6x=0 36x =18 sxeBes Sxn3
So, Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Hence, option (a) is correct.
We have, A is a square matrix of order 3 x 3
[5A] =5]A] =125/4|
= 15/4] =K|A|> K=1235
So, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) ate true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
Hence, option (a) is correct. x 2|_|6 2
18 x|"|18 6
= 9-36 =36-36 =
32% > rHt6
Clearly, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
Hence, option (6) is correct.
4. Wehave,
36 =0
112
Wehave, A=|2 1 -3
B49
My =-9-5(-2)=-9410=1
Cy = C2. Myedxdel
Clearly, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
Hence, option (a) is correct
6. Ais invertible.
> [Ale0 > [47] 20 le a= 1411
> ATis invertible
So, Ais true.
For R: Let B be invertible symmetric matrix.
Then, |B| #0 and B"=B
Now (B")" = (B"y" = (By" [v @Y=@P & BT=3}
= BT isalso symmetric matrix,
So, Ris true but R does not explain A.
Hence, option (b) is correct
7. ~ Ais invertible matrix of order 3
Jad) A| = [A[>-!= [A]? =5?=25
So, A is true and R is also correct and R gives correct explanation of A.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
jt 3]. z
8. latey), 2|=2 [Along 2nd column]
[adj (adj A)
So, A and R are true and R gives the correct explanation of A
Hence, option (a) is correct.
9. Wehave, 2x-y=17 and3x+5y=6
5
x] [17]
fe-fe]
ly! 6
|A|=10+3=13+0,s0 [A] #0
=> A” exists and X = AB be the solution of the given system of equation.
ie, axes wee Af? Af x=
So, the given system of equations is consistent.
So, A and R are true and R gives the correct explanation for A.
Hence, option (a) is correct. 2. x 17]
se coon ae 2} weft oef!
JA| =10+3 = 13 40,50 A™ exists.
So, A and R are true and R gives the correct explanation for A.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Case-based/Data-based Questions
Each of the following questions are of 4 marks.
1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument box and pays a sum of € 160. From the same shop.
Vikram buys 2 pens. 1 beg and 3 instrument boxes and pays a sum of € 190. Also Ankur buys 1
pen 2 bages and 4 instrument boxes and pays a sum of €250.
(d Convert the given above situation into a matrix equation of the form AX = B,
(i Find |A|
(ii (a) Find A>. {CBSE 2023 (65/5/1)1
OR
(iif) () Determine P= A?-5A.
Sol. Let cost of 1 pen, 1 bag and 1 instrument box are ® x, @ y and ® 2 respectively.
From question.
Sx43y+z
x4 2y+
(@ From above
{160
=|190] = AX =B
1250)
531 x] [160]
1 2 4 z| — |250)
=5(4-6)-2(12-2)+19-1)
=-10-20+8=-30+8=-2 (iif) (@) Cofactors of the matrix A is obtained
1)! (4-6) =-2, Cy = E1)'*? (8-3)
CA)? 4-1) =3,Ca = C1)? (12-2)
(- 1)?*? (20 - 1) = 19, Cy = (- 1°73 (10-3)
-1)3*1 (9-1) = 8, Cay = (- 1) *? (15-2) =- 13,
1495-6) =-1
=5,
10
Ca Co Caf f-2 -5 3] [2-0 8
adi(A)=|Cn Cy Cy 40 19 -7)=|-5 19 -13
Ce -3 a] [3 7
10 8] [2 1 -3
Ta d@=-shS w -sl=55)5 -19 3
7 -3 7 4
531 3 1] 3 1) [32 20 18)
Gi) © A=[2 1 3),a?=|2 1 3/2 1 3/=|15 13 17]
124 12 aja 2 4] [13 13 23
32 20 18] [-25 a5 5] [7 5 13
PeAt—sa=|i5 13 17[+[-10 5 -15/=|5 8 2
13 13 23] |-5 -10 -20] [8 3 3
2. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
‘Three friends Rahul, Ravi and Rakesh went to a vegetable market to purchase vegetable, From
a vegetable shop Rahul purchased 1 kg of each Potato, Onion and Brinjal for a total of €21. Ravi
purchased 4 kg of potato, 3 kg of onion and 2 kg of Brinjal for 260 while Rakesh purchased 6 kg
potato, 2 kg onion and 3 kg brinjal for 270.
(d If the cost of potato, onion and brinjal, are %x, 2y and %z per kg respectively, then convert
above situation into system of linear equations
(i) Convert the above system of linear equations in (f) in the form of AX = B.
(iif) (a) Find AY.
oR
(di) (b) Find the cost of potato, onion and brinjal. Sol. (#) From question
For Rahul x+y+2z~21
For Ravi 4x-+3y +2260
For Rakesh 6x +2y+32=70
Therefore, algebraical representation is
xtyt2=21
4x + 3y 422-60
6x+2y+32=70
(ii) The given algebraical system of linear equation in (i) can be written in matrix system as
AX=B aC)
Where, A is co-efficient matrix
fia a
A=|43 2
623
X is variable matrix
x
|
and Bis constant matrix
21
x=
B=|60)
70.
Lie
(i) @ Wehave A=|4 3 2
6 23
1.1 >
lalela 3 2/720-4)-4G2-12)+ 6-18)
23]
Arg = (8-18) =-10; Ag = - 2-6) = 4; Ag = (3-4) =-1
e
5 0 -0f [5 4-1
AdjAz|1-3 4]=|0 32
12 a} [40 4-4
oR
5 a4
> 0 3 2]I60
10 4 -1]{70 x 25) x] [5]
40] > |yl-|
2. 40, 2] 8
=5,y=8,2=8
= Cost of potato,onion and brinjal are 85, 88 and &8.
3. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
The monthly incomes of two sister Reshma and Ritam are in the ratio 3 : 4 and their monthly
expenditures are in the ratio 5: 7. Each sister saves 215,000 per month.
(@ If monthly income of Reshma and Ritam are 3x and %4x and their monthly expenditure
are t5y and ®7y respectively, then express information provided in problem in system of
linear equations.
(i) Express the system of linear equations in (f) in matrix form AX = B.
(iid) (a) Find A.
OR
(iif) (b) Find C = A*-21.
Sol. (@) Monthly savings of Reshma
= Monthly income of Reshma - Monthly Expenditure of Reshma
15000 = 3x -5y
Similarly for Ritham
15000 = 4x -7y
Here required system of linear equation
3x —5y = 15000
4x—7y = 15000
(i) We have system of linear equations
3x-5y = 15000
4x-7y = 15000
This may be written in matrix system as
x] [15000
yy 8 |15000
4-7
Because,
3 -5][x] _ [15000 3x -5y] _[15000
[i -7}ly\" [15000] = eal
Equating, we get
3x — Sy = 15000
and 4x-7y 5]
-7|
=21 421
(ii) @ Wehave A= [i
1Al
(i) (Az
2 0] _[-3 29
|-be sl-Ls
4. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
On the occasion of children’s day, class teacher of class XII Shri Singh, decided to donate some
money to students of class XIL
If there were 8 students less, every one would have got €10 more. However, if there were
16 students more, every one would have got 710 less.
( (a) If number of students in class be x and Shri Singh has decided to donate y to each
student, express the information provided in problem in system of linear equation.
(6) Express system of linear equation obtained in (a) in matrix equation.
(id) Find the number of students in class XII and the amount distributed by Shri Singh.
Sol. (i) (@) From question
(x8) (y #10) = xy = xy + 10x — 8y — 80= xy = 10x - 8y = 80
> Sr-dy=40 “a
Also, (+16) (y~10) =x = xy - 10x + 16y ~ 160 = xy = 10x - 16y =- 160
= 5x —8y=-80 (i)
(8) We have system of linear equations
5r-4y=40
5x-8y=-80 This may be written in matrix system as
5 a] fx] [40
AX =B, where A E alx-[F}e-[2]
(i) We have
=-20 40
Here, Aye
An=8
4
5
8 4
20 |-5 5
40
= -80
" |
s
>
= x=32,andy=30
Number of students = 32 and the amount donated by Sti Singh to each student in 30.
5. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
In coaching institutes, the students not only get academic guidance but also they get to know
about career options and right goals as per their interest and academic record.
A coaching institute conduct classes in two sections A and B and fees for rich and poor children
ate different. In section A, there are 20 poor and 5 rich children and total monthly collection is
9,000, where as in section B, there are 5 poor and 25 rich children and total monthly collection is
326,000.
(@ (a) If &x and ty be the fees for rich and poor children respectively then the information
provided in problem in system of linear equation express.
(b) Express the system of linear equations obtained in (a) as matrix equation.
(id) Find the fees for rich and poor children. Sol. (#) (@) From question
5x + 20y = 9000
6000
(B) We have system of linear equation
5x + 20y = 9000
x] ,, -{ 9000
AX=B,where A -[le-[2an
Because,
5 20][x]_ 9000 Sr + 20y |
[s =| elles - seek [200]
Equating, we get
5x +20= 9000
25x + Sy = 26000
[2s “Ifo
— 475000)
- 95000
x]__1_ [ 45000-520000
= 1y|~ 475 |-225000 + 130000
= x= 1000,y=200
-. Fees of rich and poor students are respectively
1000 and 2200.
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
| then write the value of x. [CBSE Dethi 2013]
rect
13
et x-1
Jn-3 x+2
|
13
(+1) (@+2)-@-1)@-3) 21241
x4 Qetx4+2-x743x4x-3 213
7r-1 213
Sol. Given
VuUUY
Txeld > 9 x22 jcosi5° sin 15
2. Evaluate: ICBSE (AL) 2011]
sin75° cos 75
Sol. Expanding the determinant, we get
‘cos 15°, cos 75° - sin 15°. sin 75° = cos (15° + 75°) = cos 90°
[Note : cos (A + B) = cos A. cos B ~ sin A. sin B]
3. IfA isa square matrix of order 3 and || =2, then find the value of |-AA’|. [CBSE 2020 (65/1/3)]
Sol, |-AA'| =-|A|? M%
%
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (65/1/3)]
Detailed solution:
Given matrix A is a square matrix of order 3 and |A| =2
[44 |=)? | 4a" |[=-] A] 1 4']
-|A4]-1A]=-|41?=-@?
=-4
4. If A is a square matrix of order 2 and | A] = 4, then find the value of |24A™|, where A’ is
transpose of the matrix A. [CBSE 2019 (65/5/1)]
Sol, |2AA™| =4|A]A™| %
a4xdx dad %
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2019 (65/5/1)]
Detailed solution:
We have |A|=4 and A is a matrix of order 2.
[2AAT| = 2? AAT) [- Ais amatrix of order 2]
=4|AA™| =4]A||A™|
For any square matrix A,
147] = 1A|
|2AA™] =4x4™4=64
5 : 7 } and B= i yb find | AB] ICBSE 2016 (South Region)]
Sol
|_| [nals lallo| [found 4 4 @ com sqyumabe crt)
| po a
—p we te Bae “7
| wha = 1s) ng
+ 3 | f
{Topper’s Answer 2016) 6. If for any 2 * 2 square matrix A, Aladj A
| then write the value of | A].
ICBSE (Al) 2017)
Sol, fs 11a - i
|
LL Alama) e [ro science rm amegute
t “ [6 t
Answer 2017)|
If A and B are square matrices of the same order 3, such that |A|= 2 and AB = 21, write the
value of |B] [CBSE Delhi 2019)
Sol. |A| =2and 4B =21
= |ABl =([21|=8
=> |Al[B]=8 > 2[B/=8 > |B
8. IfA isa square matrix of order 3, with |A
9, then write the value of |2. adj A|.
(CBSE 2019 (65/4/1)]
8) A [2228 x 81 = 648 Mew
ICBSE Marking Schente 2019 (65/4/1)]
Sol. |2adjA
Detailed solution:
|2.adj A] =2|adjA| [+ For any matrix A of order n,
|kA| =X" [A], where k is some constant]
=8 |adjA|=8 |A|?-? [~ |adj A=]A]"™ for any square matrix of order n]
= 8x (9) =8 x81 = 648
200
of af 2 3| then find A(adj A). [CBSE 2020 (65/1/1)]
335
Sol. A.adj(A)= [All %
20 0
= A.adj(A)=2Tor]0 2 0 %
Jo 0 2|
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (65/1/1)]
Very Short Answer Questions
1. IfA is a square matrix of ordet 3 such that A” = 24, then find the value of |A|.
[CBSE 2020(65/1/2)1
Sol.
(Topper’s Anstoer 2020] Sol.
Sol.
Sol.
Sol.
xt1x-1 fi
Ga oy INCERT Exemplar]
xt1 x-1
= xe1 x41
= (P-x41)(e+1)-(7-1)
= (x4 Dire 1-241) = (e+) @?-20+2)
2-2 424-2 t2e- 42
If A isa skew-symmetric matrix of order 3, then prove that det A = 0. [CBSE (AD 20171
[LA a stato cyrus |
7 [opper's Answer 2017)
If A=|o 2 5 |, then find the value of 2 for which A“ exists. INCERT Exemplar
i ag
For existence of A“!
2a 3
jAj#0 = |o 2 5/40
a1 3
> 2(6-5)-2(0-5) +-3(0-2)20 [Expanding along R,]
= 2+5.46405 She-8 = aed
8
Hence, ?.can have any value other than ~
If Ais invertible matrix of 3 x 3 and |A| = 7, then find |A“]. INCERT Exemplar]
[> |KA]=K" [A], where mis order of 4]
[CBSE (AD 2011] 7. Find (ABY*if A -|4 :
Sol. We have,
4 2
Co-factors of matrix A are
Cy =2 Cy =0
Co=4 Cyl
20]
41
a-() i > |Al=240
agi
(AByt= BLAM
_ife+sa
~2h10+8 2
= (AB) “5 6 ]
£3 ms
4 |-compate
INCERT Exemplar]
Sol.
| “tals Wala ee ~~ -
a CALAO fume Sinise ex
NOU... (et Fy Gas 14
as th, Meas a
eee
fA gels of
| aAt= 4i-a =
| afta er Pi a]
GaP TGS
~ (ea ed
~_ATopper’s Answer 2019) 1. WA=| 0 -1 4), find (497. {CBSE Dethi 2015]
Yad
123) 10 2
Sol. Given A=|0 -1 4 3 4 3
221 341
|| =1¢1-8)-0-2-8+3)=-9+ 10-140
Hence, (A’y will exist.
=-(2-6)=8
=-(0+8)=-8
adj(A’)=|-8 7 4} =|8 7 2
22a] |s 4 a
23 32
@y=q]8 7 2|/=/8 7 2
5 4 -a] [bs 4 1
2. If A is a symmetric matrix and B is a skew symmetric matrix such that A+B
find | AB|.
Sol. Given A is symmetric matrix, B is skew symmetric matrix.
=> Al=AandB'=-B
, then
. asne[ ‘| @
2 3
> asay-E |
veg [2 5
aswel? 4
=> a-s-[ S| vw (it)
Adding (i) and (i), we get 24
4a
ronose-fe 2-48 SHE tf 3]
f lh ol Is al
3. INCERT Exemplar]
oy 2 ox x
Sol Wehave, A=|x y -zland A'=|2y y 4
ny 2 22 2
Also, A'=At=I
> AA‘ = AAt [s Adteq]
jo ay zifo x
= xy -2|lzy y
x -y 2||z 2
aytz? 2 w+] fo 0
> a2 tye? Py 2 f 1 i
Hates? xyz? eyez] [001
“a
i)
[From equation ()]
4. A trust invested some money in two type of bonds. The first bond pays 10% interest and second
bond pays 12% interest. The trust received ® 2,800 as interest. However, if trust had interchanged
money in bonds, they would have got 100 less as interest. Using matrix method, find the amount
invested by the trust. [CBSE (Central) 2016]
Sol. Let® xand y be the amount of money invested in Ist and 2nd bond respectively.
According to information given in question
10 2
2X99 TY Ggg = 2800
2 i
xx f= 9700
Too *¥**t00 = r+ 12y = 280000 @
and 12x + 10y=270000 )
Above system of equation can be written in matrix form as
AX = B, where
AX=B => X=A‘B (iit)
Now, 1Al=[19 121 1099-144 =-44
me S| ag)
ald oy ge 1 [0 -12_ 1 [ 0 -12
A’ Tar Tar 12 10] “= a[-12 10
Putting the value of X, A” and B in (iii), we get
x]__1 J 10 -22}[280000
y|" —44[-12 10][270000.
= [*]=_-44 2800000- 3240000
v1] 44/_ 3360000 + 2700000.
4440000 -x]_ [10000]
. 660000 y| [15000]
= x= 10000, y= 15000.
Hence, invested amount in Ist and 2nd bonds are £10000 and %15000.
ie 3 adj B|
5. Uthematrices A=|1 3 4], B= adj 4 and C= 34, then find the value of [77
1-13]
Sol. We have B= adj A and C=3A
adj B = adj (adj A)
= |adjB| = |adj (adj A)| =1AP-" =14r°
adj. adj.adj......(A)|=1A 7"
k times
where 1 is the order of matrix.
C=3A = |C|=|34] =3 A] =27/4]
> |Al=10+4)-16+2)+14-6)
=13-5-2=13-7=6
ladjB]_1AP
Icl ~ 27 3x4 2y-22=3 [CBSE 2020 (65/1/1)|
Deny tz=2
Oe i
Sol. |A| =7jadj (A)=|-7 7 -7hAt= hada 144%
7 5 -4
‘The system of equations in Matrix form can be writt
x] {ol
jy), B=)3) 1
z| (2
1
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (65/1/1)]
A.X=B, where X=
2-3 5
2 IfA=|3 2-4], then find A“, Hence solve the following system of equations :
11 2
2x-3y 1, 3x + 2y- 42 [CBSE 2019 (65/1/2)] (Topper’s Answer 2019]
a4
3. A=|2 3. 5|, find A” and use it to solve the following system of equations:
2 6
Sx-yt
2x4 3y-5 [CBSE 2020 (65/2/1)]
5x-2y +62
Sol. [A] =51 1
Ay=28 Age 13 Ay=-19
Cofactors= Ay=-2 A,=10 A,,=5 2
17 Ag=17
1
x] [5
Given system is AX = B where X = || =| 2 4
Bie
1/8 2 775] [2
=X=A™B= 55] 13 10 -17/2)=|2 1
19 5 17}-1] [2
x=3,ye222-2 %
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (65/2/1)}
4. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method
x-yt22=7
Dey +32
axt2y
2 [CBSE 2020 (65/3/1)] Sol. Writing given equations in matrix form
1-1 ‘| |
2-1 3]yl=h2
is 2 -thzl [5
Which is of the form AX = B 1
Here |A| 1
2
a
1
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2020 (65/3/1)]
, then find A and use it to solve the following system of equations :
3x + 5y = 1, 2v-7y=-3. [CBSE 2023 (65/3/2)1
3 2
5 -7
> [Al =3x-7-2%5
=-21-10=-3140
AT exists
its co-factors
-2
adja = ct
ape
3i|-5 3
Now, given system of equations
PX B
=> PX=B > X=P!.B=(A7)*.B=(a7).B
X= (A778 C)
1f-7 -2)" Jan
ae =a 5 al x| sl + «ibSH
[CBSE 2023 (65/2/01
Sol.
2 9
1 =2|
af
0) [-3+4+0 -6+2+4 0+4-4
=2|=|2-240 4-1-2 0-242
a] [2-240 4-1-3 0-243
~@
Given system of equations
xo dy =3
de-y
y+ =3
Wecanwritethisasf1 2 o] fx] [3
E -1 -1] |y} =[2
lo -2 «af iz} [3
i oa
P x Q
=Q>X=P".Q=(8).Q=4Q (from ()
-3 2 2] [3] [-9+4+6
=Xx-|-2 1 2|=|-6+243
4 2 3} [u2+a+9 1
2 8} find (ABY* ICBSE 2023 (65/1/1)1
2
Sol. = |A]=1%3-2« (4) +(2)*2
2342-4
=3-22140
At exists,
326
iL i 2
-2 225
9-142 6-142 18-245
|-45+6-10 -30+6-10 —90+12-25
5-244 10-244 30-4410
wo 7 a
= (aBy? =|-49 -34 103
7 12 36
cosa -sina 0
8. If A=|sina cosa 0], find adj A and verify that A(adj A) = (adj AVA =| |, [CBSE (F) 2016]
o oo 41
fcosa -sina 0}
Sol. Given, A=|sina cosa 0
0 0 1
cosa 0}
Ane] py [Fost Ane
sie 0
Ay=-[ 9" Qesina: Ae :
sina 0|
An = cosa 0| An ~
cosa —sina of” [cosa sina 0)
adjA=|sina cosa 0} =|-sina cosa 0
o 0 1 o 01 eos -sina O]fcosa sina 0)
Now A.adjA=|sina cosa 0||-sina cosa 0
0 o ilo o 14
costatsin?a ——cosa.sina—sina.cosa 0] [1 0 0)
=|sina.cosa-sina.cosa —sin’a+cos’a —0|=|0 1 0}
0 o aj Joon
cosa -sina 0
A.adj A =1AIL, i) lAl=|sina cosa 0] = cos*a+ sin?a
0 0 1
cosa sina O]fcosa sine 0
Again, adjAA=|-sina cosa Olfsina cosa 0)
o o alo oo 4
cos*a + sina, -sina.cosa+sina.cosa 0} [1 0 0)
=|-sina. cosa + sina.cosa sin’a+cos?a oj=|o 1 0
0 o a} joo1
= adjAA=|A| i ii)
From (i) and (if), we get
A. adjA=adjA.A=|A|ly
14 220 1
9. Use producto 2 -3|| 9 2 -3| tosolve the system of equations:
3-2 alle 1 -2
ot 2221, 2y-32=1, 3x-2y +4 [CBSE () 2011]
OR
1a 2} [201
3-2 4|[6 1-2
x4 32=9, 4 2y-2r=4, 2x-3y 442 ICBSE Delhi 20171
Sol. Given system of equations are
xoyt2z=1, 2y-32=1, 3x-2y+de
Above system of equations can be written in matrix form
as AX=B =>X=A"B
Ht > AteC
01
> 23
1, =
Putting X, A and B in X = AB, we get
x] [20 1)ft x] [-2+0+2
yj=|9 2-3/1] = |yl=|o+2-6
iz] [6 1 212 lz] [e+1-4
x] fo
y]=|5 =
2} [3
Solution is similar as above.
Ans:x=0,y=5andz=3
3]. Using the inverse, A“, solve the system of
1
10. Find the inverse of the matrix A = |0
3
Tinear equations x~ y + 2z = 1; 2y—3z = 1;3x-2y +42 [CBSE 2023 (65/4/1)]
a1 2
Sol. Given matrix A=|0 2 -3
a -2 4
=> JA] = 16-6) + 10) +2(- 6) =24+9-12=-140
AM exists,
Co-factors of A are
We can write this as,
1-1 ffx] fa
jo 2 -3iiyl=|a => AX=B > X=A7.B
20 1)f1 peng i.
X=/9 2 -3||1]=]942-9]=]2)
6 1 -2\[3] [erie] fh
x) fi
y|=|2| > x=1,y=2andz=1
2) |
M.
ICBSE (Al) 2017]
Sol.
LI H+ tN) +4 (2) 41) #462) 44) 740) +462) +408)
| fs emnsgyay FD 162) 3p) FL) v1 f-2) 433)
5(-1)-3(-
St) -3 62) -103)}
sta) -39) “uid =| 12. Ashopkeeper has 3 varieties of pens ‘A’, ‘B' and ‘C’. Menu purchased 1 pen of each variety fora
total of €21. Jeevan purchased 4 pens of ‘A’ variety, 3 pens of ‘B’ variety and 2 pens of ‘C’ variety
for & 60. While Shikha purchased 6 pens of ‘A’ variety, 2 pens of ‘B’ variety and 3 pens of ‘C”
variety for € 70. Using matrix method, find cost of each variety of pen. [CBSE (Central) 2016]
Sol. Let the cost of varieties of pens A, B and Cbe & x, ty, and % z respectively,
From question
xty t=, dxve3y+2e=60, 6x4 2y+32=70
The given system of linear equation in matrix equation is as follows
111 y 21
AX=B,where A=|4 3 2} X=|y] and B=|60]
6 23 2 70)
X=B > X=A7B 0,
aa
aaa
623
Now |Al= (9- 4)-1(12-12)+ (8-18) =5-0-10=-5 40
Ay =@-3)=-1
-3 Ay=-Q-4)=2
Ag=@-4)=-1
> Cost of pen A=%5; cost of pen B=%8 and cost of pen C=%8 [CBSE 2018]
AT exist.
Calculation of cofactor of A
An=0
An
As Agy = 23
o21
Cofactors of A=|-1 -9 5
223 13
io Ba
ae Tg ea)
Equations are
2x—3y +522 11; 3x4 2y—d2 2-5; xt y-2e=-3
3 5]fxy ft
= p24 |
1 Iz} bs.
> AX=B
‘Using pro-multiplication with A, we get
ATAX=4°R
> ikea'B
x] [o-5+6
- ese) =
iz] [41-25 +39 14, Solve the following system of equations by matrix method :
x+2y432=6
de-y+
ax + 2-22
3 [CBSE 2023 (65/1/1)]
Sol. Given system of equations
x+2y+ 32=6
2e-ytz=2
3x+2y—2
We can write this in matrix form as
nh 2 3ifx} fo
2-1 1|Iy]=/2
Pai
1 iy
aA XB
> AX=B =>X=A".B )
123
Now, A=|2 -1 1
3 2 2
= Al =(1x0)-Qx-7+(3x7)=14421
=3540
AT exists
Its co-factors are
jo 10
adjA=cT=|7 -11
7 4
Putting in (i), we have
i
al? a
35
=1
xan
fo 10
ih
4{ Then compute AB, Hence, solve the following system of equations:
Q+y=4, Set 2y=1. ICBSE Sample Paper 2016]
aa ad-fe Ments-ft 2
verify that (AB)? = B14.
02-3
21. Without using properties of determinant prove that |-2 0 4]=0
3-40
+x 1 1
22. Without using properties of determinant prove that] 1 1+y 1
1 1 1+z
# Long Answer Questions
23 5
3 2-4
i i
23. If
find A”. Use it to solve the system of equations:
2x-3y +
3x + 2y-4z
xty-22=-3 ICBSE 20181
yet
Ho 2
p11.
24. If Find A”. Hence, solve the system of equations
wey tz=6,x422=7,3xrty+z=12. [CBSE 2019 (65/1/1)]
25. Using matrix, solve the following system of equations:
Qra3y45z=11, ar42y-422-5, rey-22=-3 ICRSE Dethi 2009]
: 2
26. Find the adjoint of the matrix A=| 2 1 -2] and hence, show that A.(adj A) = | AT,
ae [CBSE Allahabad 20151
a |
27. Find the inverse of matrix A. 6 -5| and hence show that A". A = I.
2
ICBSE Chennai 2015] 28. Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations:
3r-2y+32=8
Qety-z=1
4r-3y+22=4
29. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
xt2y+z=7
x43z=11
and 2r-ay=1
30. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
x-ysz=4
De y3:
xtytz
31. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
2e+3y+32=5
x-2ytz
3r-y-22=3
32. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
20
33. a ol a
i
Hence solve the system of equations:
x-2y=10
34. Evaluate the product AB, where
1 4 oj 2 2 -4)
A=|2 3 4landB=|-4 2 -4
jo 1 2 2 -1
Hence solve the system of linear equations
x-y=3
2x+3y+d2=17
yt2e=7
Answers
LOM () ©) (i) ©) (e) ®) MO
2.110