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Tutorial Exercise II

This document contains 30 statistics and probability word problems. The problems cover a range of topics including probability, permutations, combinations, and Venn diagrams. Solutions are not provided.

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Haftom Yitbarek
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21 views4 pages

Tutorial Exercise II

This document contains 30 statistics and probability word problems. The problems cover a range of topics including probability, permutations, combinations, and Venn diagrams. Solutions are not provided.

Uploaded by

Haftom Yitbarek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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March 2024

Econ 2042: Statistics for Economists

Tutorial Exercise II:


1). Three weekly English newspapers: The Monitor (A); Addis Tribune (B); and The
Reporter (C) are popular in Addis. A sample of 100 readers gives the number of
persons reading one, two or three weeklies:

N = 100; n (A) = 70; n (B) = 85; n (C) = 65

n (A \ B) = 25; n (A \ C) = 35; n (B \ C) = 30; n (A \ B \ C) = 15

Find the number of persons who read

a). A only.

b). At least two weeklies.

c). B and C only.

2). There are two identical boxes containing: box 1 contains 4 white and 3 red balls, and
box 2 contains 3 white and 7 red balls, respectively. A box is chosen at random and a
ball is drawn.

a). What is the probability that the drawn ball is white?

b). If the drawn ball is white, what is the probability that it came from the …rst box?

3). A bolt factory has two machines, A and B, producing bolts in the ratio 60 to 40. The
proportion of defective bolts produced by A is 0:05 and that of B is 0:04. If a bolt has
been found to be defective, what is the probability that it was produced by:

a). Machine A, and

b). Machine B.

4). How many permutations are possible for the letters of the following words:

1
a). Punctuation

b). Ethiopian

5). In how many ways can 4 boys occupy their seats in a local bus, which has only 6 vacant
seats?

6). How many 4 digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9, if the digit once
selected

a). Cannot be repeated?

b). Can be repeated?

7). In how many ways can 7 persons be seated at a round table?

8). If you have 6 friends, in how many ways can you invite one or more to your party?

9). Obtain the number of ways in which 10 girls and 10 boys can form a circle so that no
two girls are together.

10). There are 10 candidates for a scholarship in Economics, 15 for 2 in Mathematics and
12 for one in Physics. In how many ways can the scholarships be awarded?

11). A gentleman invites a party of 19 friends to tea and places 10 of them at one round
table. Show that the number of ways in which they can be arranged among themselves
is 19 C10 (10 1)!.

12). From 6 male teachers and 4 female teachers a committee of 4 is to be formed. In how
many ways can this be done if the committee contains

a). at least one female,

b). at least one male,

c). at least one of each?

13). Show that the number of ways in which n distinct books can be arranged on a shelf so
that two particular books shall not be together is (n 2) (n 1)!

2
14). In a certain competitive examination you can score 0; 1; 2; 3; 4 or 5 grade points in one
attempt. If you make 7 attempts, what is the total number of ways of scoring 30 grade
points in aggregate?

15). Fourteen men are to be grouped into three di¤erent committees each investigating a
di¤erent subject and each consisting of at least four members. In how many ways can
the men be distributed if four speci…ed men are to serve in the same committee?

16). What is the total number of ways in which 10 di¤erent rings can be bought by 8
di¤erent ladies when all rings must be bought and there is no compulsion on any lady
to buy?

17). If A0 is the complement of A, show that Pr (A0 ) = 1 Pr (A).

18). If A and B are any two events and A0 and B 0 are their complements, respectively, show
that

a). Pr (A) = Pr (A \ B) + Pr (A \ B 0 ), and

b). Pr (B) = Pr (A \ B) + Pr (A0 \ B).

19). Show that

a). (A [ B)0 = A0 \ B 0 and

b). (A \ B)0 = A0 [ B 0 .

20). Show that


Pr (A \ B) Pr (A) Pr (A [ B) Pr (A) + Pr (B)

21). Show the following result

Pr (A \ B) = Pr (A) Pr (A0 ) + 1 Pr (A [ B)

22). If an unbiased die is tossed n times, what is the probability of obtaining 6 at least
once?

23). A glass bottle is used to carry milk every day. If the probability of its being broken on
any particular day is 1=1001, what is the probability that it will survive for four days?

3
24). What is the probability of obtaining ‘double six’at least once if two unbiased dice are
thrown n times in succession?

1
25 Show that the number of throws required to assume a probability of more than 2
of
obtaining double six at least once in successive throws of two unbiased dice is 25.

26). If an unbiased die is thrown 5 times in succession, what is the probability of obtaining
a six on at least two consecutive occasions?

27). Twelve persons are seated at a round table. What is the probability that there are
exactly 3 persons between A and B?

28). Three boxes marked I, II and III have the following contents:

Box I–one white, two black and three red balls,

Box II–two white, one black and one red ball,

Box III–four white, …ve black and three red balls.

One of the boxes has been selected at random and the two balls drawn are found to
be white and red. What is the probability that they were drawn from box II?

29). A survey of female students at the Addis Ababa University shows that 50% of them
come from Addis, 25% from Dire Dawa, 15% from Bahir Dar and 10% from Mekele. It
is observed that 80% of those from Addis, 50% of those from Dire Dawa, 5% of those
from Bahir Dar and 1% of those from Mekelle wear jeans.

If a female student has been selected at random and is found wearing jeans, what is
the probability that she comes from Addis?

30). The probability that A and B speak the truth independently are p and p0 , respectively.
If they make the same statement, what is the probability that the statement is, in fact,
true?

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