COMMERCIAL LAW REVIEW

Justice Edgardo M. Caldona

I. CORPORATION LAW

Artificial being

1. Monfort Hermanos Agricultural Development Corp vs.

Monfort III 434 SCRA 27 (2004)

Limited Liability/Separate Personality

1. Edward J. Nell Co vs. Pacific Farms 15 SCRA 415 (1965)

2. Edward A. Keller vs. COB Group Marketing 141 SCRA 86 (1986)
3. San Juan Structural vs. CA 296 SCRA 631 (1998)

Piercing the Veil of Corporate Fiction

1. Pantranco Employees Association vs. NLRC 581 SCRA 598 (2009)

2. PNB vs. Retratto Group, Inc. 362 SCRA 216 (2001)
3. Koppel (Phil.) Inc. vs. Yatco 77 Phil 496 (1946)

Nationality of a Corporation

Place of Incorporation

1. PNB vs. CA 83 SCRA 237 (1978)

2. Professional Services, Inc. vs. CA 611 SCRA 282 (2010)
3. Republic Gas Corp. vs. Petron Corp. 698 SCRA 666 (2013)
4. People vs. Tan Boon Kong 54 Phil 607 (1930)
5. Filipinas Broadcasting Network vs. Ago Medical
And Educational Center 448 SCRA 413 (2005)

Classifications of Corporations
Corporators, Incorporators, Stockholders and Members
Shares of Stock
Corporate Name

1. Industrial Refractories Corp vs. CA 390 SCRA 252 (2002)

 2. Philips Expert vs. CA 206 SCRA 457 (1992)
3. Republic Planters Bank vs. CA 216 SCRA 738 (1992)

By Laws
1. Loyola Grand Villas vs. CA 276 SCRA 681 (1997)

Board of Directors/Trustees/Corporate Officers

1. Banate vs. Phil Countryside Rural Bank 625 SCRA 21 (2010)

2. Gokongwei vs. SEC 89 SCRA 336 (1979)

Section 36 – Powers of Corporation

1. Atrium Management Corp. vs. CA 353 SCRA 23 (2001)

2. Pirovano vs. Dela Rama Steamship 96 Phil 335 (1954)

Rights of Stockholders and Members

• Presumptive Right/Right of First Refusal
• Derivative Suit

1. San Miguel Corp vs. Kahn 176 SCRA 447 (1989)

2. Yu vs. Yukayguan 589 SCRA 588 (2009)

• Appraisal Right
• Shares of Stocks

1. Bitong vs. CA 293 SCRA 304 (1998)

• Stock and Transfer Book

1. Ponce vs. Alsons Cement Corp. 393 SCRA 602 (2002)

• Acquisitions, Transfers, Mergers, Consolidations

• Close Corporation/Special Corporation
• Foreign Corporation

- Isolated Transaction Doctrine

1. MR Holdings Ltd. vs. Bajar 380 SCRA 617 (2002)

• Winding Up Period

1. Gelano vs. CA GR No. L-39050, February 24, 1981

 II. INSURANCE

Applicable Laws

1. Insular Life vs. Ebrado 80 SCRA 181 (1977)

Doing or transacting an insurance business

2. Philamcare Health System vs. CA 379 SCRA 356 (2002)

Characteristics of Insurance Contracts

- Contract of Adhesion

Payment of Premium

3. UCPB General Insurance vs. Masagana Telemart 356 SCRA 307 (2001)

Insurable interest (Life insurance and Non-Life Insurance)

4. Lalican vs. Insular Life Assurance Company Ltd. 597 SCRA 159 (2009)

Incontestability Clause

5. Manila Bankers Life Assurance Corp. vs. Aban 702 SCRA 417 (2013)

Types of Non-Life Insurance

a. Fire
b. Casualty/Accident
c. Suretyship
d. Marine

Types of Non-Life Insurance Policies

a. Open policy
b. Valued policy
c. Running policy

6. Panlilio vs. Cosio 97 Phil 919 (1955)

7. Chan vs. United Insurance Co., Inc. 277 SCRA 690 (1997)

Subrogation

8. Danzas Corp vs. Abrogar 478 SCRA 80 (2005)

9. Delsan Transport Lines vs. CA 369 SCRA 24 (2001)

Compulsory Motor Car Insurance

10. Vda. de Maglana vs. Hon. Consolacion 212 SCRA 268 (1992)
11. Perla Compania de Seguros, Inc. vs. Hon. Ancheta 164 SCRA 144 (1988)
Marine Insurance

12. Philamgen vs. CA 273 SCRA 262 (1997)

13. Keppel Cebu Shipyard vs. Pioneer Insurance 601 SCRA 96 (2009)

Concealment/Misrepresentation

14. Philamcare Health System vs. CA 379 SCRA 356 (2002)

15. Soliman vs. US Life 104 Phil 1046 (1958)
16. Sunlife Assurance vs. CA 245 SCRA 268 (1995)
17. Ng Gan Zee vs. Asian Crusader Life Assurance 122 SCRA 461 (1983)
Corp.
18. United Merchants Corp. vs. Country Bankers 676 SCRA 382 (2012)
Insurance
19. Florendo vs. Philam Plans 666 SCRA 618 (2012)

Warranties

20. American Home Assurance vs. Tantuco 366 SCRA 740 (2001)
Enterprises, Inc.
21. Qua Chee Gan vs. Law Union Rock 98 Phil 85 (1955)

Loss

22. Geagonia vs. CA 241 SCRA 152 (1995)

23. FGU Insurance Corp vs. CA 454 SCRA 337 (2005)

Recission of Insurance Coverage

24. Philamcare Health System vs. CA 379 SCRA 356 (2002)

Powers of the Insurance Commission

25. Go vs. Office of the Ombudsman 413 SCRA 608 (2003)

III. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS LAW

Section 1 - Definition

1. Roman Catholic of Malolos vs. IAC 191 SCRA 411

2. BPI Express Card Corporation vs. CA 296 SCRA 260

Section 23 – Forgeries

Forged Signature of maker/drawer

3. San Carlos Milling vs. BPI 59 Phil 59

4. PNB vs. Quimpo 158 SCRA 582
5. PNB vs. CA 25 SCRA 693
6. MWSS vs. CA 143 SCRA 20
7. Republic vs. Equitable Bank 10 SCRA 8
8. PNB vs. National City Bank of NY 63 Phil 711
9. Ilusorio vs. CA 393 SCRA 89
10. BPI vs. Casa Montessori International 430 SCRA 261
11. Citibank N.A. vs. Cabamongan 488 SCRA 517
Forged Indorsement

12. Great Eastern Life vs. HSBC 43 Phil 678

13. Gempesaw vs. CA 218 SCRA 682
14. BPI vs. CA 216 SCRA 51
15. Jail Alai vs. BPI 66 SCRA 29
16. Republic vs. Ebrada 65 SCRA 680
17. Manila Lighter Trans vs. CA 182 SCRA 251
18. Associated Bank vs. CA 208 SCRA 465
19. Associated Bank vs. CA 252 SCRA 620
20. Westmont Bank vs. Ong 375 SCRA 212
21. PCIB vs. CA 350 SCRA 446

Section 29 – Accommodation Party

22. Clark vs. Sellner 42 Phil 384

23. Caneda vs. CA 181 SCRA 762

Section 52-59 – Holder in due course

24. Chan Wan vs. Tan Kim 109 Phil 706

25. Stelco Marketing vs. CA 210 SCRA 51

Section 125 - Alteration

26. HSBC vs. People’s Bank 35 SCRA 140

27. Republic Bank vs. CA 196 SCRA 100

IV. TRANSPORTATION LAW

Definition of common carrier (Art. 1732, Civil Code)

1. Pereña vs. Zarate 679 SCRA 208 (2012)

2. First Phil. Industrial vs. CA 300 SCRA 661 (1998)
3. National Steel Corp. vs. CA 283 SCRA 45 (1997)
4. Schmitz Transport vs. Transport Venture, Inc. 456 SCRA 557 (2005)

Liability of the registered owner of common carrier

5. Equitable Leasing Corp. vs. Suyong 388 SCRA 445 (2002)

Nature of business and degree of diligence; Presumption of fault

6. Delsan Transport Lines vs. CA 369 SCRA 24 (2001)

Contract of carriage of passengers

When does contract of carriage begin?

7. Dangwa Transpo Co. vs. CA 202 SCRA 574 (1991)

8. Del Prado vs. Manila Electric Co. 52 Phil 900 (1929)
9. La Mallorca vs. CA 17 SCRA 793 (1966)

Statutory obligations of carrier

10. Baritua vs. Mercader 350 SCRA 86 (2001)

11. Phil. National Railways vs. CA 536 SCRA 174 (2007)
12. Sps. Landingin vs. Pantranco 33 SCRA 284 (1970)
13. Batangas Trans vs. Caguimbal 22 SCRA 171 (1967)

Causes of action arising from the negligent act

1. Japan Airlines vs. CA 294 SCRA 19 (1998)

2. Mariano, Jr. vs. Callejas 594 SCRA 569 (2009)
3. Tiu vs. Arriesgado 437 SCRA 426 (2004)
4. Pajarito vs. Seneris 87 SCRA 275 (1978)

Improperly Parked

5. Raynera vs. Hiceta 306 SCRA 102 (1999)

6. Mallari, Sr. vs. CA 324 SCRA 147 (2000)

Violating rules at the time of accident; overtaking, injuries caused by employees

7. Abueva vs. People 390 SCRA 62 (2002)

8. Manila Railroad vs. Ballesteros 6 SCRA 641 (1966)

Injuries caused by other passengers

9. Sarkies Tours Phil. vs. CA 280 SCRA 58 (1997)

Obligation for baggage

10. Philippine Airlines vs. IAC 216 SCRA 334 (1992)

Defenses

a. Proof of negligence, due diligence in selection of employees

11. Zamboanga Transit Co., Inc. vs. CA 30 SCRA 717 (1969)

12. RCJ Bus Lines, Inc. vs. Standard Insurance Co. 655 SCRA 693 (2011)
13. Yobido vs. CA 281 SCRA 1 (1997)
14. Estacion vs. Bernardo 483 SCRA 222 (2006)
15. Phil. National Railways vs. Brunty 506 SCRA 685 (2006)
16. Jereos vs. CA 117 SCRA 795 (1982)
17. Lita Enterprises, Inc. vs. IAC 129 SCRA 79 (1984)
18. Magboo vs. Bernardo 7 SCRA 952 (1963)

Air transportation

Nature
 19. PAL vs. CA 226 SCRA 423 (1993)
20. Northwest Airlines vs. Laya 382 SCRA 730 (2002)
21. Fortune Express vs. CA 305 SCRA 14 (1999)
22. GSIS vs. Pacific Airways Corp. 629 SCRA 219 (2010)
23. PAL, Inc. vs. CA 255 SCRA 48 (1996)

Contract of carriage of cargo

When does it begin?

24. Compania Maritima vs. Insurance Company of 12 SCRA 213 (1964)

North America
25. Lorenzo Shipping vs. Chubb and Sons, Inc. 431 SCRA 266

When contract of goods end?

26. Macam vs. CA 313 SCRA 77 (1999)

Obligations and liability of common carrier

Negligence, res ipsa loquitur, when presumption does not arise

27. Estrada vs. Consolacion 71 SCRA 523 (1976)

28. Belgian Overseas Chartering vs. Phil. First 383 SCRA 23 (2002)
Insurance Co.

Limitation of Liability
- COGSA

29. Belgian Overseas Chartering vs. Phil. First 383 SCRA 23 (2002)
Insurance Co.

V. Securities Regulation Code (RA 8799)

VI. General Banking Law of 2000 (RA 8791)
VII. Intellectual Property Code (RA 8293)
VIII. Anti-Money Laundering Act (RA 9160, as amended)
IX. Electronic Commerce Act (RA 8792)
X. Data Privacy Act (RA 10173)
XI. Financial Rehabilitation, Insolvency, Liquidation and Suspension of
Payments (RA 10142, FR Rules [AM No. 12-12-11-SC], and FLSP Rules
[AM No. 15-04-06-SC])