CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE TRAINING OPORTUNITY

The organizational study was conducted at “PRABHA GARMENTS,TIRUPUR”, for a

period of one month from 10 August 2023 – 10 September 2023.

OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAINING

1. To learn about the functions of various departments.
2. To identify the role and responsibilities in an export house.
3. Comparison between class room learning and practical learning.
4. To know the management procedure in garments industry.
5. To develop and improve business skills.
6. To achieve new ideas about knit garments manufacturing process.
7. To build strength, teamwork spirit and self -confidence.\
8. To experience the business environment.
9. To focus valuable part of internship.

1.2 INTRODUCTION OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

The textile industry continues to be the second largest exporter of textile and
clothing. Textile sector in India ranks next to Agriculture. One of India’s oldest industries it
contributes 5% of GDP to the country. Our economy largest employment generation sector in India, it
offers direct employment to over 35 million people direct employees another 60 million indirect
employees.

Indirect employer’s manpower agricultural based raw-material, production like cotton

and trade related around another 60 million indirect employees. In the fiscal year 2022 the exports
stood at US$ 44.4 billion. India is the second largest producer of cotton, silk, fibber and jute. Between
January and July 2021, India exported textile products worth Rs. 1.77 lakh core, which is 52.6%.

Textile fibers provided an integral component in modern society and physical structure
know for human comfort and sustainability. Man is a friend of fashion in nature. The desire for better
garment and apparel resulted in the development of textile manufacturing process.

Cotton fiber grown with increased Eco-friendly proprieties is called as Organic cotton.
It is grown without using any synthetic chemicals or pesticide, fertilizers, etc., Organic cotton is
produced through crop with processing stages is an ecological environment Turkey, the USA and
India are the countries producing organic cotton.

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INDIAN MARKET SIZE

The Indian textile industry, current estimated at around US$ 530.97 billion, is expected to
reach US$ 575.06 billion in 2022 at compound annual growth rate (CAGR - Compound Annual
Growth Return) of 8.3%. The textile market expects to grow to $760.21 billion in 2026 at CAGR of
7.2%.

India is among a few countries that has a large domestic demand as well as
competitive in exports. Presence of strong raw material base in terms of cotton fabric manufacturing
capacities in the country have given a thrust to the garment sector.

PRODUCTS

The company believe our core competency lies in our an understanding of the specifications
of knitted garments in all category, the buying preference of our ability to deliver products of a
consistent high quality that meet the products specifications and stringent compliance requirements of
our international customers.

Men’s Wear

✓ Men’s polo’s
✓ Men’s shorts
✓ Men’s Vest /A-Shirt
Ladies’ Wear
✓ Ladies polo’s
✓ Ladies shorts

TIRUPUR GARMENTS TEXTILES INDUSTRY

MSME contributes 95% of total 1200 exporting units in Tirupur known as “DOLLER
TOWN” contributed Rs.33000Cr exports during FY 2021-2022. In order to setup an ambitious target
of Rs.33000 Cr export from Tirupur.

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1.3 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION

Prabha Garments is blooming enterprise in Tirupur, It was started 2013, Internationally

established in 2015 by the entrepreneur, with a such experience of the knitwear industry, being young-
blossom it is able to adapt to the changing business scenario and adapt to the largest technology. In
PRABHA GARMENTS they are producing first premium quality goods and they are exporting too
many countries in UK, ISRAEL, and ITALY.

Prabha is a trusted name in the market for offering huge array of clothing items. This firm
is a proprietor concern and doing commendable joy by manufacturing, supplying and exporting cloth
items. The entire range is exclusively designed keeping in mind the trends of fashion prevent in the
market. Their product earned huge appreciation for its wide availability in different colors, shrink
resistance and good quality of fabrics.

1.4 COMPANY SHORT PROFILE

Prabha Garments is one of leading garment Manufacturing Company located in

Tirupur which is known as Knit City or Dollar City of India. They are proud to be a part of Asia’s
largest garment manufacturing hub, providing trendy fashionable ready-made garments for the

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company. Prabha Garments started in 2013 knit garments in the International market from 2015 it is a
success of 13years to provide best satisfaction in the industry.

Company Short Profile

Company Name : PRABHA GARMENTS

Nature of business : GARMEMT EXPORTER

Year of starting : 2013

Established In International : 2015

Managing director : Mr. ‘Nachimuthu

No. Of Employees : 300

Working shift : Staff- 9.30am to 5.30pm

Labor- 8.30am to 6.00pm

Address : 2/217, Karunambigai Nagar, 2nd street, Vavipalyam,

Tirupur-641 666

Telephone : 6382282797

Email Id : prabhagarments@gmail.com

Website : Prabhagarments.com

GST Number : 33ABXPN6097N1ZK

Exporting countries : UK, ISRAEL, ITALY

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COMPANY LOGO

VISION

✓ The vision is to be a globally reputed apparel manufacturer, including distinctive

recognition for product, performance, process and people.
✓ To supply high quality products and services to the buyer.

MISSION STATEMENT

✓ Achieve profitable growth through productivity, innovation, quality, consistency and

commitment.
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 ✓ To provide implied needs of the customers where all the goals are geared towards the
same goal.
✓ To attain good quality, competitive prices and on time delivery.
✓ To offer innovative, customized and value –added services to the customers.
✓ To empower our employees with the skills to conduct the business, providing our
company a reasonable and consistent profit.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

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 CHAPTER II

FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENT

2.1 DEPARTMENT PROFILE

➢ Human Resources Department

➢ Marketing Department
➢ Finance Department
➢ Production Department
➢ Exporting
2.1.1 HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
The division of accompany that is focused on activities relating to employees. These
activities normally included Recruiting and hiring of new employees, orientation and training of
current employees, Employees benefit, and retention. Formerly called personnel. Ms.Gowthami acts
as HR Manager around 300 employees working in the concern.

The main object of HR department is labor welfare like Housing, Education facilities,
Medical facilities, Recreational facilities and Incentives. The labor is considered as a backbone of the
management. HR manager to keeping all the Administrative works, Documentation verification,
Record keeping like,
HR Mail Id : prabha garments @gmail.com
▪ Government documents
▪ Auditing files and certificates
▪ Committee records

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GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
The documents are approval by the government towards ethical way. Under This
document are verifying every 6 Months
1. Factory license
2. Building plan
3. Stability
4. Fire license
5. Fire training certificate
6. First aid certificate
7. Generator license
8. Illumination monitoring
9. Indore
10. Noise monitoring

Factory license:
The Government of Tamil Nadu issue a Factory license Act, 1948. This license is a
document of authorization for granting permission.
Building plan:
Get plan approval and permission to construct or extend a building as a factory. Register on
factory, get license under factory Act.
Fire license:
The issue and renewal of fire license across India are governed and regulated by state
governments. In Tamil Nadu. Afire license is mandatory required for safety purpose.
Fire training certificate:
He trained proper fire safety training for some employees. They helped in emergency time.it
is mandate for every organization.
First aid certificate:
The purpose of first aid is to minimize injury and future disability. First aid certificate may
be necessary to keep the victim alive. It is one of evidence to keep properly.
Illumination monitoring, noise monitoring:
The light setting is not affecting the employee eyes to manage the normal voltage. To check
the voltage level. To reduce the noise level like generator sound, production area noise, ironing noise
they don’t disturb public peoples.
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Indore:
To maintain proper air conditioning and outgoing air flow employees are work without struggles to
arrange the proper air-condition to reduce the heat. This are all monitor and maintaining government
records every 6months.

AUDITING FILES AND CERTIFICATES

An audit refers to an examination of the financial statement of a company. Audits are
conducted to provide investors and other stakeholders with confidence that a company’s financial
reports are accurate.
Audits also provide regulators with the assurances that a company is adhering to the
appropriate legal and regulatory standards. During an audit, different financial statements are
examined, such as the income statement, cash flow statement and balance sheet.

Auditing Orders Certificates

An audit certificate is an instrument that validate the correctness of the financial
statement prepared by the client. It contains a guarantee of the accuracy of the accounts. This
certificate is an indicator of the genuineness of the financial statement. So, prior to the certification of
the statement, the auditor needs to perform a through and careful examination of the fact of each and
every piece of content written on it. It implies that the auditor signing or issuing the certificate affirms
the truth if the statement that he or she makes.

Prabha Garments Authorized Auditing Certificates:

SEDEX – Supplier Ethical Data Exchange.

List of Auditing Documents

➢ Salary
➢ Form 12, 15 & 25
➢ Certificate maintains
➢ Complaint box
➢ Crèche register
➢ ETP water reading record
➢ PPE- Personal Protective Equipment (Mask issue)

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Salary Document
A company is legally bounded to issue a pay slip periodically as a proof of salary payment
to its employees and deductions made. It is a mandatory audit document how much of salary provide
to employees.
ESI PF - 12.75%
FORM 12 & 25, FORM 15
Form 12 and 25, form 15 is same salary this documents individual and monthly salary note
pad. Form 12 & 15 is a monthly attendance and salary note pad. Form 15 is an individual monthly
note pad.

Certificate maintenance
The document maintain employees and Employers all details and certificates to be
maintain for company purpose.

Complaint box
Company has initiative complaint box to ensure workers safety. The box will open daily
by the HR Manager. If any complaint are Arrival Company move to next step.

Crèche Register
This scheme ensures to improve the health and nutrition status of the children. Ensuring
smooth physical, mental and emotionally development in children and acquisition of positive habits. It
is helped more than women workers to manage her child.

ETP water reading record

The meter read is the total amount of water used since the installation date. This is how
much water is flowing currently we pay water tax.

PPE – Personal Protective Equipment (Mask Issue)

In covid period According to WHO personal protective equipment consists of garments
placed to protect the health care workers. Protection, goggles and mask or face shield, gloves, gown or
coverall, head cover, and rubber boots. Who buy the PPT noted in the document.
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COMMITTEE RECORDS
In prabha garments have four committees for employee welfare to solve the queries.
Through election mode employees select the committee head. Every 2 months the committee will
arranged. If any queries they will disguise and solve the problems.
▪ Work committee
▪ Anti- sexual harassment
▪ Health $ safety
▪ Graveness

Work committee
According to the Industrial dispute act 1947 of India, The duty of the workers committee
to promote measure for securing and preserving amity and good relations between the employer and
employees converted to discuss matters of the common interest concerning a factory, plant, business
policy, etc. if any needs and wants to solve the committee members.

Anti-sexual harassment
Anti-sexual harassment committee deals with issue relating to sexual harassment. The
committee is formed to prevent sexual assault, rape and other related crimes on women employee.
Goal: Prevention of sexual harassment to ensure safe environment for employees. To
develop guidelines and norms for policies against sexual harassment.

The following also sexual harassment and is covered by the committee

• Eye teasing
• Jokes causing or likely to cause awkwardness or embarrassment.
• Gender based insults or sexist remarks.
• Forcible physical touch or molestation.
• Displaying pornographic or other offensive or derogatory pictures, cartoons,
pamphlets or sayings.
• Unwelcome sexual overtone in any manner such as over telephone calls.
Health & safety committee
Safety committees have several responsibilities, always with the goal of protecting
employees.

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Committee responsibilities include
• Information and educating employees about safety standards in the workplace.
• Holding regular safety training for all employees.
• Encouraging breaks in the workplace (overworked employees are more likely to get
injured)
• Reviewing data about the organization’s safety performance.
• Discussing recent incidents and finding ways to prevent them from repeating.
Graveness committee
Grievance committee is a mandatory requirement as per section 9C of the ID Act.
As per the law it may consist of a maximum 6 persons having managerial rights. Of these one person
shall act as Chairman of the committee. Once a complaint is registered the committee should meet and
discuss by conducting enquiry.
You can take statements from both the aggrieved and the accused as well as the
witnesses. If required, you can hold the meetings enquiry in a private place. Records the statements
and take the signatures of the persons is deposition you have taken and finally reach a conclusion and
send the report to the Management or the Disciplinary authority. During the enquiry, if you need the
assistance of technical persons, they will arrange.
Simply, there should be a balance between reality and the satisfaction to
employees. An enquiry is expected to be completed within a specified time period i.e., 45 days of
registering a complaint. If the aggrieved is not happy with the decision of the committee, he/she can
file an appeal against the decision before the top management, the MD or GM.

2.1.2 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Responsibilities of marketing department

The marketing department is responsibilities for promotion of factory’s products,
fetching more orders for the industry and marketing the product in market. The marketing department
is also known as business development department as it is responsibilities to develop a business for
the industry.
This department shows factory’s ability for developing new designs, quality
policy and quality performance. Retaining the existing customers is one of the important
responsibilities of this department. But it depend on satisfaction of the customer by shipping quality
products in decide time. Marketing department deals with various operations like advertising,
research, branding, strategies, etc.

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Skill recruited for marketing department

• Excellent communication and presentation skills.

• A sense of analysis and creativity.
• Human management skills and public relations.
• Good organization and planning skills.
• Good team work. Understand the market place and customers wants
and needs.
• Design a customer driven marketing strategy.
• Construct a marketing plan that deliver superior value.
• Capture value from customers to create profit.
• Build profitable relationships and create customers satisfaction.

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Marketing department primary function department are
▪ Marketing
▪ Merchandising
▪ Sales
▪ Marketing

Marketing is a process of activities by which industries create value for customers, satisfy
customer needs and wants efficiently and build strong customer relationships to capture value from
customers in returns. Marketing departments are responsibilities for promoting product or service
from business to business in the form of suppliers, from business to consumers within retailers and
your combinations of both when working for fashion products.

Merchandising
Merchandising is a process through which products a replaced, developed, executed and
presented to the buyer. A team of merchandisers and marketers work together under a profit controls
head. Merchandisers handle the foreign buyers. The teams are made according to the buyers being
handled.
Merchandising is the department which mediates marketing and production departments.
Sometimes, merchandising department will have to do costing and pricing also. So it is a very
valuable department.

Two types of merchandising done in garment exports

▪ Marketing merchandising.
▪ Product merchandising.

Marketing merchandising
The main function of marketing merchandising is
• Product Development.
• Costing.
• Ordering Marketing merchandising is to bring orders costly products
development and it has direct contact with the buyer.

Product merchandising

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 Product merchandising is done in the unit. This includes all the responsibilities from
sourcing to finishing i.e. first sample onwards, the products merchandising work start and ends till
shipment.

Sales
Sales have always been a determining factor for the overall revenue of any business. The goal of
every company is to maximize its profits. Therefore, sales play a vital role in the concept of ‘profit
maximization’. There is a lot of competition which its variety, there is a lot of competition which
comes along. This article proposes effort and effective sales tips for clothing industry.

Sales Tips:
✓ Adopt a professional approach towards the customers
✓ Understand the customers.
✓ Offer a variety of product
✓ Impress the customers
✓ Observe other and learn from your mistake

2.1.3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Production management is the process of planning the conversion of raw materials into
finished products, procurement of necessary materials, supervision and control. In the textile industry,
production management refers to the process of making a garment from beginning to end.
Production management includes everything from the collection of raw materials for the
manufacture of garments to the planning of activities required for the transformation of garment,
procurement of necessary materials, supervision, control, proper layout of employees and even
handling over of garments to buyers.
• Internal & external communication.
• Sampling.
• Preparing internal order sheets,
• Accessories and trims in hosing.
• Preparing purchase orders.
• Taking responsibility for inspections
• Giving shipping instructions and following shipment.

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 1. Internal &External communication

A merchandiser has to communicate not only with the buyers but also with the others
such as suppliers, nominated factory owners, fabric manufactures, etc.,

2. Sampling

It is the one of the most important task for all apparel merchandisers. Here, samples
have to develop according to the buyer’s instruction. Different types of samples should be
developed here such as proto sample, photo shoot sample, salesman sample, size set
sample,etc.

3. Preparing internal order sheets

An apparel merchandiser has to prepare varies types of internal order sheets such as
costing sheets, booking sheets, etc.

Sampling Department
Each time the buyer needs to test the goods, members of the sampling department
are responsible for sending samples, handling customer feedback and informing the customer’s
request to the production department.

TYPES OF SAMPLES
Development sample
▪ Fit sample
▪ Size set sample
▪ Pre-production sample
▪ Production sample
▪ Shipment sample

Production Sample
• Shipment sample

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CUTTING DEPARTMENT
This department is responsible for cutting of fabrics and feeding sewing department
with cuttings. Cutting department capacity is planned as per daily feeding requirement to the sewing
line. Cutting department setup with cutting department head, cutters, spreaders, quality checkers and
helpers for sorting, ply numbering and bundling.

KNITTING
Knitting is a processes of using long needless to interlink or knot a series of loops made by one
continues thread. Each loop or knot connects to another one, and when enough loops have been made,
the results is a flat price of material called a textile.
Knitting creates stitches loops of yarn in a row, either flat or in the round (tubular). There are
usually many active stitches on the knitting needle at one time. Knitted fabric consists of a number of
consecutive rows of connected loops that intermesh with the next and previous rows. As each row is
formed newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row and placed on the
gaining needle so that the loops from the prior row can be pulled of other needle without unravelling.
Buyers list of the company are

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 ✓ NS knit fabs
✓ STA knits
✓ Knit waves
✓ Kandhan knits
✓ RKM knitting
✓ Ramaya knitters

MANUFACTURING STEPS

FABRIC
DESIGNING
SAMPLE
PATTERN
CUTTING
CUTT PANNEL
QC
TRIMMING
CHECKING
LAY
PRESENTATION
CHECK MEASUREMENT
IRONING
PACKING
AUDITING

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Receiving fabrics
Garment factories receive fabric from overseas textile manufacturers in large bolts with
cardboards or plastic center tubes or in piles center tubes or in piles or bags. The fabric typically
arrives in steel commercial shipping containers and is unloaded with a forklift. Garment factories
often have a warehouse or dedicated area to store fabric between arrival and manufacturing.
Woven fabrics are supplied in roll package. Once these rolls of fabric are delivered the
store in-charge receives the incoming consignment. This is the first phenomenon which is done in
fabric store.

Fabric storing
They have the following duties:
• Contact and understand your factory’s fabric supplies
• Receive and store fabric’s in bulk, manage fabric inventory record
• Check the untreated fabric and the treated fabric
• Elaborate shade band for colored and printed fabric.
• Test fabrics physical properties.
• Fabric issue and printing.

Design
The designer’s team are responsible for research and development of new and trendy
fashion models. In terms of products, follows the biggest fashion trend. Every season, the team will
focus on delivering new fashionable designs to show-off the strength of the factory. They always own
a library for fabrics, trims and accessories, and for garments. Cutting department activities.

Pattern
In order to produce beautiful clothing patterns, factories will hire pattern masters to create
garment patterns and digitize them into manual pattern and CAD (computer Aided Design). The
activities of this team include
• Making and Grading pattern
• Check and modify the product to match the standard output
• Editing products based on customers feedback
• Design a sample design prior to mass production
• Calculate the amount of fabric required to mass produce clothing
• Increase marker efficiency to decrease wasted fabric
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Laying

Laying of helps one to plan the placement of the pattern pieces in a tentative manner.
• Lay large pieces first and then fit in the smaller ones. It is very economical in laying the
pattern and cutting. Even a small amount of materials saved in a single layer will help to
bring about a large savings of money as hundreds of layers of fabric will be laid and cut
simultaneously.
• Parts that have to be placed on the fold should be exactly on the edge of the fold. All
laying should be done on the wrong side of the raw material. When laying the paper
pattern consider the design of the fabric. Care should be taken to see that the design runs
in the same direction throughout garment. All checks and strips should match they move
to next step.
Marketing
This can be a manual or a computerized technique
• The maker planner uses full- sized patterns and arrange them in economical manner on
marker paper.
• This is a specially printed paper having symbols on it which enable the marker planner to
visually control the positioning of components according to specified grain lines.
• Markers produced on a paper are fixed to fabric with pins, staples or a an adhesive paper
which is heat sealed to the top layer of the fabric.
• Marker planning provides details of the spreads. Here planning is done also for fusible,
linings, trims, pocketing etc.

Cutting
This department is responsible for cutting of fabrics and feeding sewing department with
cuttings. Cutting department’s capacity is planned as per daily feeding requirement to the sewing

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lines. Cutting department setup with cutting department head, cutters, spreaders, quality checkers, and
helpers for sorting, ply numbering and bundling.

List of activities of the cutting department is as follows:

• Fabric receiving from the fabric store
• Fabric relaxation
• Cut planning
• Fabric spreading/layering on the cutting table
• Marker planning and Maker marketing
• Cutting of fabrics
• Sorting, Bundling and numbering of garment piles(parts)
• Inspection of cut components
• Sorting of printed and embroidery panels
Sewing
Main jobs of the sewing department are stitching of garment. In the sewing floor,
various types of production systems and line layout are used. Factories either work in an assembly line
or group system. Major tasks of thus department are as follows but not limited to these only.

• Line setting
• Garment stitching
• Marking parts
• Ironing garment components
• Checking of stitched garments
• Stitching Alteration
• Documentation
• Iron the parts of garment
• Check the quality of sewing parts made of sewing
• Take notes to track the production of your product

Quality check/Control department

They are responsible for ensuring the garments are qualified to be
placed on the market.
• Creates standards for output products
• Give a set –by-step institution to help workers carry out routine operations
• Quality Assurance
• Eliminating items that do not meet standards

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 • Make sure the quality of the fabric received by the cutting department is the
fabric without defects. If there is a minor error in the fabric, this department
will mark it up and give the solution to the cutting department

Trims and Accessory Storage

• Quality control and quality of trims and accessories.
• Preserve and preserve quality trims available.
• Handling problems related to reserves
• Dye the twill tape.
• Arrange and deliver trims to the requesting party.

Cleaning and laundry

• Employees tasked with performing quality assurance are also looking for
cosmetic flaws, stains, or other spots on the garment that may have occurred
during the cutting and sewing processes. Spots are often marked with a sticker
and taken to a spot-cleaning area where the garment is cleaned using steam, hot
water, or chemical stain removers.
• Commercial laundry facilities are equipped with at least three types of machines
washers, spinners, and dryers. Some facilities also have the capability to perform
special treatment such as stone –or acid-washing

Pressing or Ironing
The most important finishing process in the readymade garment sector which is done
by subjecting a cloth to heat and pressure with or without steam to remove unwanted creases and to
impart a flat appearance to the garments. Pressing or ironing is also done to introduce creases in the
apparel. In the garments manufacturing industries, pressing is termed as ironing.

Objects of pressing or ironing

Pressing or ironing has different types of objects which are mentioned below;
• Removal of unwanted creases and crinkles,
• Shaping,
• To apply creases where necessary,
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 • Under pressing,
• Final pressing.

Fusing and packing

• Fusing and pressing are two processes which have the greatest influence on the
finished look of a garment. Fusing creates the foundation and pressing put the final
seal of quality on the garment.
• After a garment is fully sewn and assembled, it is transferred to the ironing section
of the facility for final pressing. Each ironing station consist of an iron and ironing
platform. The irons are similar looking to residential models but have steam
supplied by an on-side boiler. Workers control the steam with foot pedals and the
steam is delivered via overhead hoses directly to the iron.

Packaging
In the last steps of marketing a product ready, garments are folded, tagged, sized, and
packaged according to customer specifications. Also, garments may be the placed in protective plastic
bags, manually to ensure that the material stays clean and pressed during shipping. Lastly, garments
are placed in cardboard boxes and shipped to client.

Auditing
Auditor will check the order correct stitching for the given measurement the order will be
complete them do a delivery. A thorough review of a company’s financial statements to ensure the
financial records are fair and accurate.

2.1.4 FINANEC DEPARTMENT

A good financing decision work as a driving force for an organization to build a strong
financial position. Financing decision varies from industry to industry, organization to organization
according to their financing requirement, financial strength, and risk taking behavior of that particular
parties. Here in this article, you will have basic ideas of financing for textile and garments business
and how you can make a financial decision.

Basically, the objective of financing is to collect money from the least cost sources and then
invest in profitable sectors. Here the challenge is to minimize the cost and maximize the profit of the
investment. Financing is required for different stage of business, like an initial startup of the business,
or for maintaining the operational expenditure or for expansion of a business.
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Budgeting
The object of budgeting is to plan and control the company’s activities so as to maximize
profitability, and the starting point for all budgeting is the sales budget. This is usually drawn up
before the beginning of each financial year or season considering the sales to be established and new
customers, general economic trends at home and aboard, manufacturing capacity and availability of
finance. Other budgets considered are labor costs, material costs, overheads, and departmental
budgets.

Garment Costing
It is the ‘identify card’ of the garment and contains all the information required for the pre-
production and production stages making garments. The costing sheet shows the detailed costs for;
• Material
• Labor
• Fixed and variable overheads
• Other expenses
The information for garments costing comes from various sources: sample selection,
cutting room, break down time values and costs involved in cutting, sewing and finishing, costs of
trims and materials, overheads costs from finance department.

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Administration
All the department’s in a clothing industry required administrative support for their
operations to ensure orderly and systematic functioning.

The procedures covered are:

• Preparing orders.
• Checking goods inwards.
• Timing and methods for stock taking.
• Imports and exports.
• Obtaining credits for returned goods and materials.
• Issuing credits for customers returns,
• Negotiating and issuing tenders for major projects,
• Purchase of office furniture and equipment etc.
A clothing business has ‘up-front’ departments such as design, marketing and production and the fact
that they function smoothly is the result of good administrative support.

2.1.5 EXPORTS
In global trade, exporting is the process by which In global trade, exporting Is the
process by which companies from one country sell their goods and services to companies or
consumers in a different country. Common exports exchanged from one country to another include
energy and natural resources, raw materials like food or textiles, and finished consumer products like
electronics.
Manufacturers and retailers that sell their products to customers in foreign markets or
exporting them. Exporting is one way that companies can rapidly expand their potential market,
generate more revenue, and grow their business.
Prabha Garments change to international business in 2015 doing encumbers of transactions.

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How to Export Product
While the benefits of exporting are clear the part of building an export of business is
ticketer. Here some tips for starting your exporting journey,

• Get government support

• Conduct market research
• Understand trade barriers and restrictions
• Find shipping and distribution partners
• Follow local regulation

Steps to Exporting
• Transport
• Customer clearance
• Port service
Transaction goods handover by custom clearance. Every 15 day once they check currency
value. 60 to 90 days goods handover the buyers. In the custom clearance each one hour they send mail
for the company.
After the custom clearance buyers buying the product it is called port service. Custom
clearance called a LC@ sight it is a banking way. Mediator of buyers and sellers.
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Prabha Garments Exporting Countries
• UK
• ISRAEL
• ITALY

Exporting Currency
• Yen
• Dollar
• Euro
Way of Transaction
• Road way
• Shipping
• Airway

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 CHAPTER III
MANAGERIAL SKILLS

3.1 NATURE OF MANAGERIAL SKILLS DEVELPOED

Management skills can be defined as certain attributes or abilities that an

executive should possess in order to fulfill specific task in an organization. They include the capacity
to perform executive duties in an organization while avoiding crisis situations and promptly solving
problems when they occur. The skills help the manager to relate with their fellow co-workers and
known how to deal well with their subordinates, which allows for the easy flow of activities in the
organization.
Good management skills are vital for any organization to succeed and achieve its
goals and objectives. A manager who fosters good management skills is able to propel the companies
mission and vision are business goals forward with fewer hurdles and objections from internal and
external source.

3.1 NATURE OF MANAGERIAL SKILLS DEVELOPED

NATURE OF MANAGERIAL SKILLS

1. Technical Skills

Technical skills involve skills that give the managers the ability and the
knowledge to use a variety of techniques to achieve their objectives. These skills not only
involve operating machines and software, production tools, and pieces of equipment but also
the skills needed to boost sales, design different types of products and services, and market
the services and the products.

2. Conceptual Skills

These involve the skills managers present in terms of the knowledge and
ability for abstract thinking and formulating ideas. The manager is able to see an entire
concept, analyze and diagnose a problem, and find creative solutions.
This helps the manager to effectively predict hurdles their department or the business as a
whole may face.
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3. Human or Interpersonal Skills

The human or the interpersonal skills are the skills that present the
managers’ ability to interact, work or relate effectively with people. These skills enable the
managers to make use of human potential in the company and motivate the employees for
better results

Types of managerial skills developed:

1. Planning

Planning is a vital aspect within an organization. It refers to one’s ability

to organize activities in line with set guidelines while still remaining within the limits of the
available resources such as time, money, and labor. It is also the process of formulating a set
of actions or one or more strategies to pursue and achieve certain goals or objectives with the
available resources.

The planning process includes identifying and setting achievable goals,

developing necessary strategies, and outlining the tasks and schedules on how to achieve the
set goals. Without a good plan, little can be achieved.

2. Communication

Possessing great communication skills is crucial for a manager. It can

determine how well information is shared throughout a team, ensuring that the group acts as
a unified workforce. How well a manager communicates with the rest of his/her team also
determines how well outlined procedures can be followed, how well the tasks and activities
can be completed, and thus, how successful an organization will be.

Communication involves the flow of information within the organization,

whether formal or informal, verbal or written, vertical or horizontal, and it facilitates smooth

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 functioning of the organization. Clearly established communication channels in an
organization allow the manager to collaborate with the team, prevent conflicts, and resolve
issues as they arise. A manager with good communication skills can relate well with the
employees and thus, be able to achieve the company’s set goals and objectives easily

3. Decision-making

Another vital management skill is decision-making. Managers make

numerous decisions, whether knowingly or not, and making decisions is a key component in
a manager’s success. Making proper and right decisions results in the success of the
organization, while poor or bad decisions may lead to failure or poor performance.

For the organization to run effectively and smoothly, clear and right
decisions should be made. A manager must be accountable for every decision that they make
and also be willing to take responsibility for the results of their decisions. A good manager
needs to possess great decision-making skills, as it often dictates his/her success in achieving
organizational objectives.

4. Delegation

Delegation is another key management skill. Delegation is the act of passing

on work-related tasks and/or authorities to other employees or subordinates. It involves the
process of allowing your tasks or those of your employees to be reassigned or reallocated to
other employees depending on current workloads. A manager with good delegation skills is
able to effectively and efficiently reassign tasks and give authority to the right employees.
When delegation is carried out effectively, it helps facilitate efficient task completion.

Delegation helps the manager to avoid wastage of time, optimizes

productivity, and ensures responsibility and accountability on the part of employees. Every
manager must have good delegation abilities to achieve optimal results and accomplish the
required productivity results.

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 5. Problem-solving

Problem-solving is another essential skill. A good manager must have the

ability to tackle and solve the frequent problems that can arise in a typical workday.
Problem-solving in management involves identifying a certain problem or situation and then
finding the best way to handle the problem and get the best solution. It is the ability to sort
things out even when the prevailing conditions are not right. When it is clear that a manager
has great problem- solving skills, it differentiates him/her from the rest of the team and gives
subordinates confidence in his/her managerial skills.

6. Motivating

The ability to motivate is another important skill in an organization.

Motivation helps bring forth a desired behavior or response from the employees or certain
stakeholders. There are numerous motivation tactics that managers can use, and choosing the
right ones can depend on characteristics such as company and team culture, team
personalities, and more. There are two primary types of motivation that a manager can use.
These are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

There are two primary types of motivation that manger can use. These are

• Intrinsic motivation

• Extrinsic motivation.

IMPROVE MY MANAGEMENT SKILLS IN DURING PERIOD

Strengthening Decision-Making

Sound decision-making is a crucial skills for managers. From

overseeing a team to leading a critical meeting, being an effective manager requires knowing how
to analyze complex business problems and implement a plan for moving forward. There are 3c’s of
management are

• Constructive conflict

• Consideration

• Closure
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Cultivate Self- Awareness

A high level of self-awareness is critical for managers, and it’s what separates
high- performer’s form their peers in the work place.

This core tenet of emotional intelligence requires introspection and an honest

evaluation of your strengths and weaknesses. Through engaging in self-assessment and turning to
trusted colleagues to gain insight into your managerial tendencies, you can chart a path for your
professional development that hones in our areas where you need to improve, enabling you to bring
out the best in yourself and others.

Building Trust

Trust reaps numerous benefits in the workplace. According to research outlined in

the Harvard Business Review, employees at high-trust companies report:

• Less stress

• More energy at work

• Higher productivity

• Greater engagement

For deeper connections with your colleagues by engaging in small talk before
meetings. And learning more about their lives outside the scope of their work.

Be a Better Communicator

Strong communication skills area a hallmark of any successful manager. Being

in a managerial role involves tackling complex business situations and ensuring your team has the
information and tools required to succeed.

When facing challenges like navigation organizational change, be

transparent about tasks at hand and instill your team with a shared vision of how your company can
be benefited from the impending transition.

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Complete Management Training

Beyond your daily work, furthering your education can be an effective way to
bolster your management skills.

Through additional training, such as an online management course, you can

learn new techniques and tools that enable you to shape organizational processes to your
advantage. You can also gain exposure to a network of peers with various backgrounds and
perspective who inform your managerial approach and help you grow professionally.

Interpersonal skills

Leading and managing teams of employees requires strong interpersonal skills

like compassion, understanding and diplomacy. The ability to build relationships between
colleagues, staff and supervisors is a trait inherent to effective managerial skills.

Managers depend on their interpersonal skills to create rapport with others, solve
problems, negotiate with clients, set and achieve goals and manage employees under their
supervision.

Good Organization

As a manager is the ability to organize. You need to be able to come up with a plan
and then schedule, organize and follow it. This also involves understanding a company processes
and rules as well as among individuals. You must be able to predict what will happen and at what
time.

Team Building

Good managers know how to keep their teams intact. The well being of team
member’s does not benefit from having competition within the team. However, competition
between teams can be very stimulating and healthy. If one of the team member spreads ahead and
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leaves the rest of the members behind without helping them, the team will most likely fail.

A good manager will notices these irregularities very easily. He or she will attempt to
correct the situations through having discussions with the team, mostly through listening to
members. To a great extent, a successful and healthy team relies on the trust between members and
with the manager.

Leadership

It isn’t enough to just listen to the problems of coworkers. A good manager needs to
solve these problems and prove that he or she is committed to the goals of the team. It is also the
manager’s responsibilities to define goals along with team members and then assign
responsibilities to various team member clearly. A good manager will have a clearly vision in
terms of the direction he or she wants the team to be headed in team members needs to be
‘infected’ with this vision so that everyone is headed un the same direction.

Ability to deal with changes effectively

Many managers are thoroughly familiar with the entire working process. This
allows them to do things in an almost automatic manner. A good manager is adaptable and flexible.
When faced with obstacles, he or she has the ability to react quickly. Stress doesn’t prevent the
manager from making the right decisions for the team and company.

Domain knowledge

Good managers have a thorough understanding of the process he or she is

managing, including the type of tasks that team member are performing and how they are working.
This skill isn’t quite as important as the other ones are. However, in some cases, not having it will
mean that the manager and the teams don’t ever work at maximum capacity or use all of their
potentials due to a lack of understanding of one another.

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Ways of Management skills can be improved

Every individual needs to follow his or her own path in order to achieve the
ultimate goal. Every person is different. Some are great communicators but may lose control in
stressful situations. Others are very good leaders and are able to motivate their teams, however,
they still end up failing due to lacking in common sense and organizational skills. The main
questions you should have is: “why do I want to be a manager in the first place and what kind of a
manager do I want to become”

Training and development is a valuable route in developing and improving upon

your management skills. Our comprehensive range of leadership and management courses are
designed to help you learn and experience the skills required within the workplace so that you can
motivate others to higher levels of performance.

3.3LEARNING FROM THE TRAINING

During the training, I learnt about the structure of an organization and how it
operates.

• Working conditions

• Organizing activities

• Budgeting is the process of putting together budget.

• Make schedule

• Choosing the priorities

• Management of brand

Getting feedback on the manufacturing process flow has been a fantastic experience.
Additional functional departments and units.

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 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

FINDINGS

• Industry drivers, restraints, and opportunities covered in the study.

• Recent industry trends and developments

• Competitive landscape & strategies of key players

• Potential & niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered

• Historical, current, and projected market size, in terms of value

• Overview of the regional outlook of the Fiber Optic Cables Market Rising
urbanization and industrialization in developing countries are driving the growth of
this market

• Increasing demand for self-driven vehicles in another factor driving the growth of
this market

• Investment problems faced by the manufacturer is another factor restraining the

growth of this market

• Increasing cost of raw material is restraining the growth of this market

• The training program me helps to increase the quality of output and also help to learn
technologies.

• Training helps the employees to develop to the inter personal relationship

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SUGGESTIONS

• The company may introduce new Innovation. It will increase volume of sales.

• The company should improve the media of advertisement, it will creates more
awareness among the customers.

• It is suggested that the company has to improve their packing, it leads to get good
image among customers.

• The company should offers free gifts to the users, it will retain the existing and
attract the new customers.

• It is suggested that based on buyers buying capacity, it has introduce the good
quality products with low cost.

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 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

During the training at PRABHA GARMENTS I am about to gain Knowledge related to

various aspects of all department activities practically. Along the training period realized that,
Observation is the main element. Training helps to learning dependent, discipline, be
considerate/patience, self-trust, take initiative and the ability to solve problem. Time management,
Goal management and colleague interactions are the several things found to be important
throughout the training. The internship training program gave an opportunity to understand the
practical constitution in an organization. As a result of the study now I am confident to enter the
industrial world and build my future career.

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