TIME: 135MINS SS1

CHEMISTRY

OBJECTIVE SECTION
PLEASE ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS

1. Which method of separation does the D. Dipole bond

following diagram illustrate E. Ionic bond

3. Two elements X and Y combine to form

a compound with formula X2Y3. Which
of the following representations would
fit the configurations of X and Y?

X Y
A. 2,2 2,3
B. 2,6 2,5
C. 2,8,2 2,8,3
D. 2,8,3 2,6
A. Filtration E. 2, 1 2,6
B. Evaporation
C. Sublimation
D. Magnetization
4. If the atomic number of an element X is
E. Crystallization
11 and that of nitrogen is 7, the most
likely formula of the nitride of X is?
2. What kind of bond is represented by
A. X3N
the arrow below?
B. X2N
C. X3N2
D. XN3
E. N2X

5. A given volume of methane diffuses in

20 seconds. How long will it take the
same volume of sulphur (IV) oxide to
diffuse under the same conditions? (CH₄
= 16; SO₂ = 64)
A. Covalent bond A. 5
B. Hydrogen bond B. 20
C. Dative bond C. 40
D. 60 E. There is no heat gained.
E. 80
10. Which of the following compounds
6. Which of the following is not an acid dissolves readily in water?
anhydride? A. BaSO₄
A. NO2 B. CuCO₃
B. SO2 C. AgCI
C. P2O5 D. NH₄CI
D. CO E. PbCl2
E. SO3
11. Consider the reaction represented by
7. Consider the reaction represented by the equation: CH₄(g)+2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) +
the equation xNH₃(g) + yCl₂(g) →- zHCl(g) + 2H₂O(l) How many moles of carbon (IV)
N₂(g). The values of x,y and z are oxide will be produced from 32g of
respectively? methane ? [H =1, C =12, O =16 ]
A. 2, 4, 6 A. 2
B. 3, 2, 4 B. 3
C. 2, 3, 6 C. 4
D. 3, 2, 6 D. 8
E. 2, 2, 2 E. 10

8. A solution of sodium hydroxide 12. Which of the following pairs of

containing 6.0g in 250cm³ of solution solutions will produce a precipitate
has a concentration of [molar mass of when mixed?
NaOH = 40g mol⁻¹] A. Pb(NO₃)2(aq) and NaCI(aq)
A. 0.04M B. MgSO₄(aq) and HCl(aq)
B. 0.60M C. ZnCI2(aq) and Na2SO₄(aq)
C. O.96M D. NaOH(aq) and HNO₃(aq)
D. 0.15M E. None
E. O.10M
13. What volume of hydrogen will be
produced if 100cm³ of ammonia is
completely decomposed at constant
temperature and pressure? The
equation for the reaction is 2NH₃(g) →
9. When ice is changing to water, its N₂(g) + 3H₂(g)
temperature remains the same because A. 50cm3
the heat gained is? B. 150cm3
A. used to separate the molecules C. 200cm3
B. lost partially to the atmosphere D. 300cm3
C. used to increase the volume of ice E. 500cm3
D. less than the activation energy.
14. PTotal = P1 + P2 + P3+ .............Pn where 18. Causes of hardness of water include the
PTotal is the pressure of a mixture of presence of?Except
gases. The equation above is an A. Calcium tetraoxosulphate IV
expression of B. Magnesium tetraoxosulphate VI
A. Graham’s law C. Calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate IV
B. Gay- lussac’s law D. Calcium chloride
C. Boyle’s law E. Sodium chloride
D. Charle’s law
E. Dalton’s law 19. How many atoms are there in 2.70g of
aluminum? (AI = 27, S - 32)
15. Calculate the mass of ZnSO₄ produced A. 1.2 x 1024
when excess of ZnCO₃ is added to 50.0 B. 3.01 X 1023
cm³ of 4.00 moldm-3 H₂SO₄. The C. 6.02 x 1024
equation for the reaction is: ZnCO₃ + D. 6.02 x 1022
H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O [ZnSO₄ = E. 3.01 X 1022
161 g mol⁻¹]
A. 0.2g 20. Which of the following salts in aqueous
B. 1.29g solution will have a pH greater than 7?
C. 32.2g A. NaCl
D. 39.0g B. AlCl3
E. 41.0g C. FeCl3
D. Na2SO4
16. If 10cm³ of distilled water is added to E. K2CO3
10cm³ of an aqueous salt solution, the
concentration of the solution? 21. Which of the following equations
A. Increases represents the reaction leading to the
B. Decreases removal of permanent hardness of
C. Remains constant water?
D. Doubles A. Ca(HCO₃)2 → CaCO₃ + H₂O +CO₂
E. Triples B. MgSO4 + Na₂CO₃ → MgCO₃ + Na2SO₄
C. Ca(OH)2 + 2HCI - CaCI2 + 2H₂O
D. Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2CaCO₃ + 2H₂O
E. MgSO₄ + BaCI2 – MgCI2 + BaSO₄
17. Which of the following can be used to 22. How many mole(s) of AgNO₃ are there
test for the presence of water in the in 500cm³ of 0.01M AgNO₃ solution?
laboratory? A. 0.005mole
A. Anhydrous magnesium chloride B. 0.05mole
B. Anhydrous calcium chloride C. 0.5mole
C. Anhydrous cobalt II chloride D. 1mole
D. Copper oxide E. 5moles
E. Carbon IV oxide
23. To what temperature must a gas be carbonate. The total hardness may
raised from 237K in order to double therefore be removed by
both its volume and pressure? A. boiling the water
A. 298K B. adding excess calcium hydroxide
B. 300K C. adding a calculated amount of calcium
C. 546K hydroxide
D. 819K D. adding sodium carbonate
E. 1092K E. Adding magnesium hydroxide.

24. The decomposition of hydrogen 28. Elements in group 0 of the periodic

peroxide is represented by the table have uses. These noble gases are
equation: 2H₂O2(l) → 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g) What ………1……. And this explain why argon
mass of hydrogen peroxide would be ….2……… be used in lamps. Which
required to produce 22.4 dm³ of oxygen words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2?
at S.T.P.? (H =1, 0=16, molar volume of
a gas at S.T.P = 22.4 dm3) 1 2
A. reactive Can
A. 18g
B. reactive Cannot
B. 34g
C. 36g C. unreactive Can
D. 64g D. unreactive Cannot
E. 68g E. solids can

25. An element X forms the following

compounds with chlorine: XCl₄, XCl₃,
XCl₂. This illustrates the
A. law of multiple proportions
B. law of chemical proportions
C. law of simple proportions
D. law of conservation of mass
E. Law of definite proportions.

26. The pH of four solutions W,X,Y,Z are

4,6,8,10, respectively, therefore
A. none of these solutions is acidic 29. A new planet has been discovered and
B. the pH of Y increases by addition of its atmosphere has been analyzed. The
distilled water table shows the composition of the
C. Z is the most acidic solution atmosphere.
D. W is the most acidic solution
E. X is neutral gas Percentage by
volume
Carbon dioxide 4
27. A sample of hard water contains some nitrogen 72
calcium sulphate and calcium hydrogen
 oxygen 24 D. Solubility
E. Flammability

Which gases are present in the atmosphere

32. The chemical composition of two
of the planet in a higher percentage than
substances, W AND X, are given.
they are in the earth’s troposphere?
W Na(AlSi3)O8
A. Carbon Iv oxide and oxygen X Ca(Al2Si2)O8
B. Carbon IV oxide only
C. Nitrogen and oxygen Which statements are correct?
D. Nitrogen only 1 W and X contain the same amount of
E. Nitrogen and carbon IV oxide oxygen
2 W contains three times as much
30. Water must be purified before it is silicon as X
suitable for use in the home. Which 3 X contains twice as much aluminum
processes are used to remove solid as W.
impurities and bacteria? A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
To remove To remove C. 2 and 3
solid bacteria D. 1, 2 and 3
impurities E. Only 2
A. Chlorination chlorination
B. chlorination filtration
33. Consider two elements with atomic
C. filtration chlorination
D. filtration filtration numbers X= 1 and Y= 7. X and Y form a
E. coagulation filtration covalent compound. What is its
formula?
A. XY5
B. XY3
C. XY
D. X3Y
E. X2Y

31. A mixture of ethanol and methanol are 34. When pink crystals of Cobalt II chloride
separated by fractional distillation. This are heated, steam is given off and the
method of separation depends on a color of the solid changes to blue.
difference in property X of these two CoCl2.6H2O ↔ CoCl2 + 6H2O
alcohols. What property is X? What happens when water is added to
A. Boiling point the blue solid
B. Color
C. Melting point
 Color temperature C. Lead compounds
A. Changes to decreases D. Nitrogen oxides
pink E. Carbon dioxide
B. Changes to increases
pink
38. Why is chlorination used in water
C. Remains blue decreases
treatment?
D. Remains blue increases
E. Changes to increases A. To kill bacteria in water
white B. To make the water neutral
C. To make the water taste better
D. To remove any salt in the water.
35. The oxide of element X was added to an E. To produce bleach.
acid. It reacted to form salt and water.
What is the pH of the acid before the 39. Which information about carbon
reaction and what type of element is X. dioxide and methane is correct?
pH Type of Carbon Methane
element X dioxide
A. Greater than Metal A. Formed  ×
7 when
B. Greater than Non metal vegetation
7 decomposes
C. Less than 7 Metal B. Greenhouse  
D. Less than 7 Non metal gas
E. Equal to 7 metalloid C. Present in × ×
unpolluted
air
36. A salt is formed by adding excess of an D. Produced × 
insoluble metal oxide to an acid. How during
can the excess metal oxide be respiration
removed?
A. Chromatography 40. Water is formed when 48g of oxygen
B. Crystallization combine with 6g of hydrogen. What
C. Distillation mass of oxygen combines with 2g of
D. Filtration hydrogen?
E. Sublimation A. 12g
37. Which pollutant found in car exhaust B. 16g
fumes, does not come from the fuel? C. 96g
A. Carbon monoxide D. 144g
B. Hydrocarbons E. 80g

Theory section
 Attempt all questions 1 and any other three

In all, you are to attempt 4 questions

1a.

Using chemical equations explain the preparation of carbon II oxide from oxalic acid (COOH) 2

[4marks]

1b.

Give two reasons why carbon IV oxide is used in fire extinguishers. [2marks]

1c.

Choose from the following list of oxides to answer the questions below. You can use each oxide once,
more than once or not at all.

Carbon IV oxide , carbon II oxide, magnesium oxide

Nitrogen IV oxide, sulfur IV oxide, water.

I. Which one of these oxides is a basic oxide

II. Which two oxides cause acid rain
III. Which two oxides are formed when a hydrocarbon undergoes complete combustion?
IV. Which one of these oxides turns white copper(II) sulfate blue?
V. Which oxide is formed when calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition?

[5marks]

1d.

Copy and complete the table below

particle Number of protons Number of electrons Number of neutrons

1
1H 1
27 3+
13Al 14
16 2-
8O 8
[6marks]

1e. Carbon monoxide is a pollutant produced in motor car engines. Explain why carbon monoxide is
formed.

[2marks]

1f.
CH4(g) + 2 Cl2(g) → CH2Cl2(g) + 2HCl(g)

Methane gas reacts with chlorine gas to form dichloromethane and hydrogen chloride, as represented
by the equation above. A 25.0 g sample of methane gas is placed in a reaction vessel containing 2.58mol
of Cl2(g).

i. Identify the limiting reactant when the methane and chlorine gases are
combined. Justify your answer with a calculation.
ii. Calculate the total number of moles of CH2Cl2(g) in the container after the limiting
reactant has been totally consumed.
[ C = 12, Cl = 35.5, H = 1] [6marks]

2a.
60
Co is a cobalt isotope.

i. Explain the term isotopy

ii. Explain why two isotopes of the same element have identical chemical properties.
iii. Calculate the percentage composition of the different isotopes of chlorine if they are
represented below and the relative atomic mass is 35.5.
35
Cl and 37Cl [7marks]

2b.
Hydrogen can be manufactured by heating methane with steam. CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
i. Identify the product mixture, state the name.
ii. Why is it a better fuel than producer gas?
iii. How is it different from water gas?
iv. Methane is an important and a better greenhouse gas when compared to CO2. Explain
why humanity and the scientific community are more concerned with CO 2 as the major
cause of global warming compared to methane. [9marks]

2c.

Answer the following questions about acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient in aspirin.

i. The amount of acetylsalicylic acid in a single aspirin tablet is 325 mg, yet the tablet has
a mass of 2.00 g. Calculate the mass percent of acetylsalicylic acid in the tablet.

ii. The elements contained in acetylsalicylic acid are hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. The
combustion of 3.000 g of the pure compound yields 1.200 g of water and 3.72 L of dry
carbon dioxide, measured at 750mm Hg and 25oC. Calculate the mass, in g, of each
element in the 3.000 g sample.
iii. Deduce the empirical formula of acetyl salicylic acid.
[ C = 12, H = 1, O = 16] [9marks]
3a.

explain the following

i. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure there is a solid and a gas. One of them
is sulphurIv oxide and the other is copper II oxide, which is which? Explain.
ii. Why does water dissolve ionic and polar substances even though it is a covalent
compound?
iii. The gas laws are not completely obeyed by real gases

[6marks]

3b.

In an experiment, it was shown that 15.0cm3of a dibasic acid neutralized 20.0cm3of aqueous sodium
hydroxide, 1.00mol/ dm3. Calculate the concentration(molarity) of the acid. [4marks]

3c.

Calculate the density of a gas when the temperature is 273 K and the pressure is 120 000 Pa. the
molecular mass of the gas is 71gmol-1(take molar gas constant as 8.314Jmol-1K-1) [4marks]

3d.

In a gas thermometer, the gas occupies 12.6 mL at 20oC. The thermometer is immersed in a container of
solid CO2 (dry ice) and the gas then occupies 8.4 mL. What is the temperature in oC of dry ice?

[3marks]

3e.

Explain eutrophication, stating the cause, the process and the effects on the environment.

[7marks]

4a.
An organic compound with relative molecular mass 136 g/mol contains 70.58% carbon, 5.93% hydrogen
and 23.49% oxygen. Determine its

i. empirical formula

ii. molecular formula [ C= 12.0H=1 O = 16] [4marks]

4b.

Sea water contains an average of 1.08 × 103 ppm of Na+ and 270ppm of SO42-. Calculate

i. The molar concentrations of Na+ and SO42- given that the average density of sea water is
1.02g/ml
ii. Calculate the molality of the Na+ in sea water
iii. What volume of a 0.03M solution of BaCl2 do you need to precipitate all the SO42- from
800kilolitres of sea water
[ Na = 23, S = 32, O = 16, Cl =35.5, Ba = 137] [9marks]

4c.

state three postulates of the kinetic theory of gases [3marks]

4d.

i. Explain the environmental consequence of using Fuels that contains a significant

amount of Sulphur.
ii. What mass of sulphur IV oxide will be produced when 80000kg of a fuel mixture
containing 3% suphur by mass are burnt completely in oxygen(assume all the
sulphur atoms in the fuel are converted to sulphur IV oxide)
[ S = 32, O = 16] [5marks]

4e.

Justify with reasons the following properties; please refer to the structures of the substances in question

i. Graphite is a non-metal yet it conducts electricity

ii. Diamond is a very hard substance
iii. Graphite is used as a lubricant
iv. Diamond and graphite still retain the same chemical properties even though they exhibit
marked physical behaviours. [4marks]

5a.

“It is no longer enough to understand scientific concepts and phenomena, Man must now understand
the effect of his inventions on the environment” Justify this position with three examples of pollutants
that have been produced by man in the past. [9marks]
5b.

Differentiate between chemical bonds and intermolecular forces, using examples and diagrams where
necessary. [5marks]

5c.

Using chemical equations explain the depletion of the ozone layer. [4marks]

5d

List the laws of chemical combination [2marks]

5e.

State the postulates of Dalton’s Atomic theory [5marks]