Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Tuesday 17 November 2020 – Morning

GCSE (9–1) Geography B
(Geography for Enquiring Minds)
J384/02 People and Society
Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes
* 8 2 8 1 7 2 3 9 7 1 *

You must have:

• the Resource Booklet (inside this document)
You can use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator
• a ruler (cm/mm)

* J 3 8 4 0 2 *

Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.

Centre number Candidate number

First name(s) �

Last name �

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• Spelling, punctuation and grammar (SPaG) and the use of specialist terminology will be
assessed in questions marked with a pencil ().
• This document has 16 pages.

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.

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SECTION A

Answer all the questions.

Urban Futures

1 (a) Which of the following is the correct meaning of the term ‘world city’?

A A city which has a large migrant population

B A city which is located in an Advanced Country

C A city which is very important in the global economy

D A city with a population of over 10 million people

Write the correct letter in the box. C [1]

(b) New York is a megacity which had a population of 20 million in 2011. By 2025, the population
is predicted to have reached 24 million. Calculate the percentage increase in the size of the
population.

Show your working.

20% increase
Answer .......................................................... [2]

(c) Study Fig. 1 in the separate Resource Booklet, which shows a city in the United Kingdom.

State one piece of evidence which suggests that migration has had an impact on this city.

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There is a cluster of Eastern-Asian shops and restaraunts located on the strip.

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(d) Explain how migration changes the growth and character of cities.

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Migration can change the growth and character of cities as the influence of cultures

can bring cultural restaurants and shops to the city. Therefore, people nearby are
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more likely to visit the city to endulge in the cultues. This can make the city more
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popular and busier, which means that the city has a strong economy, due to the
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popularity of the markets.
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(e) CASE STUDY – Contemporary challenge in LIDC or EDC city
Mumbai
Name of LIDC or EDC city: ......................................................

For an LIDC or EDC city you have studied, evaluate how one contemporary challenge
impacts on everyday life in the city.

In Mumbai, the extreme levels of traffic and congestion poses a contemporary challenge.
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As migration continues to grow the population of the city, congestion grows with correlation.
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Working commuters have risen and the number of cars and vehicles on the road have
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released high volumes of greenhouse gases, especially CO2. As a result of this, the
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toxic gas volume in Mumbai is 3x the safety limit. This has caused respiratory issues and
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the pollution forces people into hospitals. This can cause a strain on healthcare in the city.
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Aswell as this, due to the chaotic traffic within the city, around 500 people died through road
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fatalties in 2015. This can impact the rate of economic growth in the city as less people are available
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to work. Also, families of these victims may lose out on their primary sources of income - forcing
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them to move to informal slum housings, such as the Dharavi slum in the named city of Mumbai.
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Dynamic Development

2 (a) Which of the following is the correct definition of development?

A When a country becomes less economically stable

B When a country’s population grows

C When countries have a small range of jobs and services

D When there is an improvement in living standards in a country

D
Write the correct letter in the box. [1]

(b) Study Fig. 2 in the separate Resource Booklet, a graph showing the GNI per capita in
Mozambique. GNI per capita is the sum of all money earned in a country, divided by its
population.

(i) Describe the pattern shown for Mozambique.

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Generally, overtime, the GNI per capita has increased overtime. Evidence for this

is that the GNI has increased by 300 USD between 1985 and 2015. However,
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an exception to this trend is that in 1995, the GNI per capita plummeted at 155 USD
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- more than 100USD less than the previous decade.
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(ii) Suggest one way in which the change in GNI per capita may have impacted the people
of Mozambique.

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With an increase of GNI per capita, people may have been able to access a more
nutritional income.
...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Explain one reason why it may be hard for countries like Mozambique to break out of
poverty.

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Political unrest may have made it difficult for LIDCs to break out of poverty. Due

to this, civil wars and conflict may cause destruction in the country and this means
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that the government would have to prioritise rebuilding over growing the economy
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and industry.
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(c) CASE STUDY – Trade in an LIDC country
Ethiopia
Name of LIDC country: ......................................................

For an LIDC country which you have studied, explain how international trade has influenced
its development.

Through case study, we can identify that the total value of imports for Ethiopia is at $11b.
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Most of these imports link to development, such as trucks, petroleum, machinery. With the
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use of trucks and petroleum, Ethiopia have better ability to transport potential exports as
...................................................................................................................................................
they have adequate medians of transport. Also, the use of machinery allows them to improve
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farming methods and techniques (agriculture is the main industry in Ethiopia). Through this,
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the potential exports can allow them to ease their current trade deficit of $8b. Therefore, allowin
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them to develop the country further.
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However, as Ethiopia relies on agricultural exports, the total exports is valued at a mere $3b.
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For example, coffee grown in Ethiopia accounts for around 25% of the exports. Whilst this
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money can be used for development, the reliance on agriculture isn't reliable and risks their
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need for aid - which could lead to country debt.
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.............................................................................................................................................. [6]

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UK in the 21st Century

3 (a) Study Fig. 3 in the separate Resource Booklet, which shows population pyramids for the UK
in 2005 and 2015.

Describe one change in the population of the United Kingdom between 2005 and 2015.
The peak population of ages has increased from around 35-44 yrs old to 45-54 years old.
...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) How many people were aged between 55 and 59 in the UK in 2015?

A 2 135 622

B 3 882 949

C 4 206 528

D 4 594 823

Write the correct letter in the box. B [1]

(c) The population pyramid for the UK is typical of the fourth stage of the demographic transition
model. Explain the factors which have resulted in this pattern.

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(d)* ‘The UK is dealing with its ageing population very effectively.’
To what extent do you agree with this statement?

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Resource Reliance

4 (a) Which of the following is the correct meaning of food security?

A When all people always have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food

B When people compost leftover food

C When people do not have enough food to eat

D When people have enough money to buy food most of the time

Write the correct letter in the box. [1]

(b) Explain one factor leading to demand outstripping supply for water.

...................................................................................................................................................

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(c) Study the data below.

Average calorie intake

per person per day
USA 3641

UK 3413

Germany 3540

India 2458

Somalia 1695

North Korea 1318

Average calories consumed per day

4000
Number of calories

3000

2000

1000

0
USA UK Germany India Somalia North Korea
Country

(i) Suggest one improvement which could be made to this graph.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What is the mean number of calories consumed per day for the countries in the table?
Show your working and give your answer to one decimal place.

...................................................................................................................................... [3]
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(d) CASE STUDY – Food security in a country at a local scale

Name of country: ....................................................................................................................

Analyse the success of one attempt to achieve food security at a local scale.

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SECTION B

Answer all the questions.

Human Geography Fieldwork

5 (a) State three parts of the enquiry process for geography fieldwork.

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(b) (i) Some students were planning their human geography fieldwork. They decided to
investigate the impact of internet shopping on city centres.

Suggest one data collection technique which they could use and explain why this would
be appropriate.

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(ii) Study Fig. 4 in the separate Resource Booklet, which is a bar graph displaying results
from a survey looking at how the number and type of shops in a city centre has changed.

Suggest what Fig. 4 indicates about the impact of internet shopping on city centres.

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(c)* You will have carried out some human geography fieldwork as part of your GCSE (9–1)
Geography course.

Fieldwork title: ...........................................................................................................................

Examine the effectiveness of your data presentation techniques.

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 Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology [3]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE

If additional space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s)
must be clearly shown in the margin(s).

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