Think Globally, Act Locally

Think Globally, Act Locally

1. FIZIK UMUM / GENERAL PHYSCS
1.1 Bacaan / Measurement
KUANTITI FIZIK / PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

• Kuantiti Fizik = nilai yang ditentukan daripada ukuran

Physical Quantity = quantity that is measurable

• Kuantiti Asas = kuantiti fizik yang tidak dapat diterbitkan daripada kuantiti fizik lain.
Base Quantity = physical quantity that cannot be defined by any other physical term (unit).

TeTELeM
Temperature | Time | Electric Current | Length | Mass
Suhu |Masa | Arus Elektrik | Panjang | Jisim

Kelvin (K) | Second (s) | Ampere (A) | Metre (m) | Kilogram (kg)

Light Luminosity| Amount of Substance

Keamatan Cahaya | Kuantiti bahan

Candela (Cd) | Mole/mol

• Kuantiti Terbitan = kuantiti fizik yang diperihalkan daripada gabungan kuantiti asas.
Derived Quantity = combination of physical quantity that are derived from base quantity(unit).

Area

Volume

Density

Velocity

Acceleration

Force

Pressure

Energy

Charge

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• Kuantiti Skalar = Kuantiti fizik yang mempunyai magnitude (nilai) sahaja.
Scalar Quantity = Physical quantity which has magnitude only.

• Kuantiti Vektor = Kuantiti fizik yang mempunyai magnitud dan arah.

Vector Quantity = Physical quantity which has magnitude and direction.

• Kepersisan = Bacaan nilai yang hampir sama berkali-kali.

Consistency = Register same reading.

• Kejituan = Bacaan nilai yang hampir kepada nilai sebenar.

Accuracy = Register reading close to actual value.

• Kepekaan = Kebolehan mengesan perubahan kecil dalam ukuran.

Sensitivity = Ability to respond to small changes.

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BENTUK PIAWAI / STANDARD FORM

A X 10n
• n = positif = nilai besar
5 x 103 = 5 000 7.2 x 107 = 72 000 000
5 x 103 = 5 kilo 7.2 x 107 = 72 x 106 = 72 Mega
• if n = positive = large value
5 x 103 = 5 000 7.2 x 107 = 72 000 000
5 x 103 = 5 kilo 7.2 x 107 = 72 x 106 = 72 Mega

• n = negatif = nilai kecil

5 x 10-3 = 0.005 7.2 x 10-7 = 0.000 000 72
5 x 10-3 = 5 milli 7.2 x 10-7 = 0.72 x 10-6 = 0.72 micro
• if n = negative = small value
5 x 10-3 = 0.005 7.2 x 10-7 = 0.000 000 72
5 x 10-3 = 5 milli 7.2 x 10-7 = 0.72 x 10-6 = 0.72 micro

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Calculator
Casio CLASSWIZ FX-570EX Casio fx-991ZA

Casio Fx 100au Plus Casio fx-991MS

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 Hubungan antara paksi-y dan paksi-x Think Globally, Act Locally
Relationship between y-axis and x-axis

• Kecerunan, �������� =
�2−�1
�2−�1

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Kuantiti Skala & Kuantiti Vektor Scalar Quantity & Vector Quantity

Pernyataan, Statement Magnitud Arah, Jenis Kuantiti

Magnitude Direction Type of Quantity
Kereta Ferrari itu bergerak dengan laju 300 km/j.
The Ferrari car is moving at a speed of 300 km/h.

Keretapi bergerak dengan halaju 130 km/ dari steen keretapi

JB ke stesen keretapi Gemas.
The train travels at a speed of 130 km/ from the JB
train station to the Gemas train station.
Ketumpatan air laut ialah 1025 kg m-3
The density of sea water is 1025 kg m-3
Sarah berjalan sejauh 500 m.
Sarah walked 500 m.
Adlyn mencatat masa 25.50s dalam acara 200 m.
Adlyn recorded a time of 25.50s in the 200 m event.
Kuasa mentol itu 25 Watt.
The power of the bulb is 25 Watts.
Suhu bilik makmal fizik mencapai 32° C semasa cuaca panas.
The temperature of the physics laboratory room reaches
32° C during hot weather
Berat Amir Rushaidi ialah 450 N.
Amir Rushaidi's weight is 450 N.

Kem Batu 10 terletak sejauh 15 km dari Bandar

Kuantan.
Camp Batu 10 is located 15 km from the city
Kuantan.

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Alat Pengukuran Measuring Tools

Kepekaan = Kejituan = Skala terkecil dalam alat

Sensitivity = Ketepatan = Smallest scale on the instrument

Jam Randik , Stopwatch

Bacaan Luar, External reading:

Bacaan Dalam, Internal Reading:

Kepekaan jam randik Sensitivity of stopwatch:

Pembaris , Ruler

Bacaan Luar, External reading:

Bacaan Dalam, Internal Reading:

Kepekaan jam randik

Sensitivity of stopwatch:

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Angkup Vernier , Vernier Caliper Think Globally, Act Locally

Bacaan Luar, External reading:

Bacaan Dalam, Internal Reading:

Kepekaan jam randik

Sensitivity of stopwatch:

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Tolok Skru Mikormeter , Micrometer Screw Gauge

Bacaan Luar, External reading:

Bacaan Dalam, Internal Reading:

Kepekaan jam randik

Sensitivity of stopwatch:

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 Ralat / Error Think Globally, Act Locally
Ketakpastian dalam nilai yang diperolehi menyebabkan nilai yang diukur berbeza daripada nilai sebenar
Uncertainty in the value obtained causes the measured value to differ from the actual value

Ralat Bersistem, Systematic error Ralat Bersistem, Systematic error

1. Alat, Instrument Pemerhati semasa membuat pengukuran

a. Ralat sifar, Ketidaksempurnaan Observer when measuring
alat

1. Salah membuat bacaan,

error in determining reading
2. Ralat paralaks (kedudukan mata),
2. Pemerhati, Observer Parallax error (position of the eye)
a. Masa tindak balas, reaction time
b. Kecacatan, Disability (rabun)

3. Persekitaran, Environment
a. Heat
b. Gravity

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NOTES : Think Globally, Act Locally

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