COMMUNICATION SKILLS

ENGLISH
GRAMMAR

FFT
15 FOR TEEN

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 MUST DO TOPICS
UNIT-2
• FLOW OF COMMUNICATION
• FORMAL COMMUNICATION VS INFORMAL
(GRAPEVINE) COMMUNICATION
• INDIAN VS BRITISH VS AMERICAN ENGLISH
• TELEPHONE ETIQUETTE
• WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED
• ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION
•SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS(THESAURUS)
• UNSEEN PASSAGE(COMPREHENSION)
 UNIT-2

FLOW OF COMMUNICATION

Formal communication refers to the flow of official information through proper,

predefined channels and routes. The flow of information is controlled and needs to
be properly communication. Formal communication follows a hierarchical
structure. Formal communication can flow in following directions:
1. Downward Communication: This is the most stereotypical form of formal
communication. The information flows from management level down to lower
levels.
Downward communication includes orders and instructions represented in oral or
written format. Reports, emails, letters and manual communication are commonly
used downward communication tools.
2. Upward Communication: It contains information which passes from subordinate
levels up to management and senior levels. Reports, suggestions, requests,
instructions and complaints are common forms of upward communication.
3. Horizontal Communication: It refers to communication between individuals who
are at same or similar levels within an organisation but have different areas of
responsibility. Horizontal communication is slightly more fluid and dependent on
cross-individual communication. Typical examples exists as communication
between
managers of different departments such as HR, sales, marketing etc.
4. Diagonal Communication: This occurs when employees of different departments
at different levels communicate with each other irrespective of the chain of
command communication between a floor manager and a sales team is an example
of diagonal communication.
FORMAL AND INFORMAL (GRAPEVINE) COMMUNICATION

The communication in which information flows through proper and pre-

defined solutions is referred to as Formal Communication. It follows a
hierarchical chain that is generally established by the organization itself.
This type of communication is a must in the workplace because employees are
expected to follow formal communication while performing their duties. Some
•
 general examples offormal communication are reports, commands,
orders, etc.

• Its types are- horizontal, upward, downward, diagonal.

• Informal communication is multidimensional, it flows freely in the

organization without any restraint of predefined channels or routes. It is
comparatively very quick and relational.

•In organizations it is often called the ‘grapevine’. It is also important for the
growth of a company because employees can discuss work-related issues
more openly which ultimately saves the company’s time and money.

•Some general examples are - chats between team members, a private journal
or diary, etc.
•GOSSIP is the greatest example of informal communication.
IMPORTANT- INFORMAL IS ALSO CALLED GRAPEVINE COMMUNICATION.
•

INDIAN VS BRITISH VS AMERICAN ENGLISH

Indian English is same as British English

TELEPHONE ETIQUETTE
• The way in which someone perceives their first interaction with an individual
or an employee is extremely important.
• Telephone conversations are a preferred method of business communication
because it's personal and serves as an opportunity to create a good first
impression of the organization.
• Phone etiquette is a way for you to showcase your manners and properly
represent yourself or your business to others. Positive interactions create
lasting impressions that are instrumental to business success.
• Telephone etiquette consists of active listening skills, choice of words and
tone of voice.
Here are some telephone etiquette examples that show the difference your
telephone manners make:
• We often use a friendly greeting to introduce ourselves or our businesses. We
convey enthusiasm through our words.
• We adopt a confident and professional tone when interviewing for jobs.

Importance of Basic Telephone Etiquette

• It reflects professionalism and appropriate conduct.

• It helps influence others and create positive impressions.

• It helps build interpersonal relationships by establishing trust and loyalty.

Developing Effective Telephone Etiquette-

1. Answer Calls Quickly: Try to answer your calls after two or three rings. Answering
quickly reflects professionalism and makes your callers feel valued. In case you miss
any call(s), return them as soon as possible.
2. Introduce Yourself: Whether you're reaching out to someone or it's the other way
around, always introduce yourself first. Introductions and greetings break the ice and
the person feels more at ease.
3. Resonate Positivity: When you communicate with a positive tone of voice, you're
more likely to build rapport. It's a good idea to practice speaking in front of a mirror
to fine-tune your tone.
4. Mirror Your Caller's Style: You should match the tone and style of your caller. If
they want to skip formalities and get to the point, you get to the point as well. Make
them feel comfortable by being on the same page.
5. Listen Actively: There may be times when there are too many distractions or
you're unable to focus for some reason. Use a notebook to keep track of
conversations and formulate appropriate responses using your notes.

6. Minimize Emotional Reactions: It's difficult to manage emotions, especially when

someone responds rudely. Find a break in the conversation and politely excuse
yourself for a few minutes. After you've composed yourself, get back to the call and
make objective statements to support your argument.
7. Ask for Permission: People feel in control of a conversation when you ask for their
permission before taking any action. For example, 'may I put you on hold for a
moment?" shows respect and gives control to your caller.

8. Be Confident: Confidence is key to any productive interaction. If you struggle to

answer anything, use phrases like that's a great question' and 'I want to make sure I
find the right answer for you'. Show that you're confident in your ability.

WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED

Affect/Effect: Affect is usually a verb: Chester's humming affected Posey's
ability to concentrate. Effect is usually a noun: Chester was sorry for the effect
his humming had. in Among/Amongst: Among is the preferred and most
common variant of this word American English. Amongst is more common in
British English.

Among/Between: Among expresses a collective or loose relationship of several

items: Chester found a letter hidden among the papers on the desk. Between
expresses the relationship of one thing to another thing or to many other things:
Posey spent all day carrying messages between Chester and the other studenta.

Assure/Ensure/Insure: Assure means to tell someone that something will definitely

happen or is definitely true: Posey assured Chester that no one would cheat at Bingo.
Ensure means to guarantee or make sure of something: Posey took steps to ensure
that no one cheated at Bingo. Insure means to take out an insurance policy: Posey
was glad the Bingo hall was insured against damage caused by rowdy Bingo players.

Breath/Breathe: Breath is a noun; it's the air that goes in and out of your lungs:
Chester held his breath while Posey skateboarded down the stairs. Breathe is a verb;
it means to exhale or inhale: After Posey's spectacular landing. Chester had to
remind himself to breathe again.

Capital/Capitol: Capital has several meanings. It can refer to an uppercase letter,

money, or a city where a seat of government is located: Chester visited Brasilia, the
capital of Brazil. Capitol means the building where a legislature meets: Posey visited
the cafe in the basement of the capitol after watching a bill become a law.

Complement/Compliment: A complement is something that completes something

else. It's often used to describe things that go well together: Chester's lime green
boots were a perfect complement to his jacket. A compliment is a nice thing to say:
Posey received many compliments on her purple fedora.

Disinterested/Uninterested: Disinterested means impartial: A panel of

disinterested judges who had never met the contestants before judged the singing
contest.
Uninterested means bored or not wanting to be involved with something: Posey
was uninterested in attending Chester's singing class.
Defence/Defense: Defense is standard in American English. Defence is found mainly
in British English.

Emigrate/Immigrate: Emigrate means to move away from a city or country to live

somewhere else: Chester's grandfather emigrated from Canada sixty years ago.
Immigrate means to move into a country from somewhere else: Posey's sister
immigrated to Ireland in 2004. E.g. These two Latin abbreviations are often mixed up,
but eg means "for example," while i.e. means "that is."
Empathy/Sympathy: Empathy is the ability to understand another person's
perspective or feelings. Sympathy is a feeling of sorrow for someone else's suffering.
A sympathizer is someone who agrees with a particular ideal or cause.

Farther/Further: Farther refers to physical distance: Posey can run farther

than Chester. Further refers to metaphorical distance: Chester is further away
from
finishing his project than Posey is.

Flaunt/Flout: Flaunt means to show off: Chester flaunted his stylish new outfit Flout
means to defy, especially in a way that shows scorn: Posey flouted the business.
casual dress code by wearing a tiara and flip-flops.

Gaff/Gaffe: A guff is a type of spear or hook with a long handle: Chester completed
his sailor costume with a gaff borrowed from his uncle's fishing boat. A gaffe is a faux
pas or social misstep: Posey made a gaffe when she accidentally called Chester by
the wrong name.

Gray/Grey: Gray is the standard American English spelling. Greyis the

standard British English spelling.

Historic/Historical: Historic means famous, important, and influential: Chester visited

the beach in Kitty Hawk where the Wright brothers made their historic first airplane
flight. Historical means related to history: Posey donned a historical bonnet for the
renaissance fair.

Imply/Infer: Imply means to hint at something without saying it directly: Chester

implied that Posey was in trouble, but he wouldn't tell her why. Infer means to
deduce something that hasn't been stated directly: Posey inferred that Chester was
nervous about something from the way he kept looking over his shoulder.
It's/Its: It's is a contraction of "it is": Posey needs to pack for her trip because it's only
two days away. Its is a possessive pronoun that means "belonging to it": Chester is
obsessed with both the book and its author.

Lay/Lie: To lay means to put or to place. One way to remember this is that there a
an a in both to lay and to place: Posey will lay out her outfit before she goes to
bed. To
lie means to recline. One way to remember this is that there is an e in both to lie
and to recline: Chester will lie down for a nap. Be careful, though. The past tense of
to lay is laid: Posey laid out her outfit. The past tense of to lie is lay: Chester lay
down for s nap over an hour ago.

Lead/Led: Lead, when it rhymes with "bed," refers to a type of metal: Posey wore a
lead apron while the dentist X-rayed her teeth. Led is the past tense of the verb to
lead which means to guide or to be first: Chester led the way.

Learned/Learnt: Learned is standard in American English. Learnt is standard in British

English.

Loose/Lose: Loose is usually an adjective: Posey discovered that the cows we

loose. Lose is always a verb. It means to misplace something or to be unvictorious
in game
or contest: Chester was careful not to lose his ticket.

Principal/Principle: Principal can be a noun or adjective. As a noun, it refers to the

person in charge of a school or organization: Posey was called into the principal's
office. As an adjective, it means most important: The principal reason for this
meeting is to brainstorm ideas for the theme of Chester's birthday party. A principle
(always noun) is a firmly held belief or ideal: Posey doesn't like surprise parties as a
matter of principle.

Inquiry/Enquiry: Inquiry and enquiry both mean "a request for information." Inquiry
is the standard American English spelling. Enquiry is the British spelling
 Stationary/Stationery: Stationary means unmoving: The revolving door remained
stationary because Posey was pushing on it the wrong way. Stationery refers to letter
writing materials and especially to high quality paper. Chester printed his résumé on
his best stationery.

Than/Then: Than is used for comparisons: Posey runs faster than Chester. Then
is used to indicate time or sequence: Posey took off running, and then Chester
came
along and finished her breakfast.

Their/There/They're: Their is the possessive form of "they": Chester and Posey took
their time. There indicates a place: It took them an hour to get there. They're is a
contraction of "they are": Are Chester and Posey coming? They're almost here.

To/Too: To is a preposition that can indicate direction: Posey walked to school. She
said hello to Chester when she saw him. To is also used in the infinitive form of verbs:
Chester waited until the last minute to do his homework. Too is used as an
intensifier, and also means "also": Posey waited too long to do her homework, too.
Toward/Towards: Toward is standard in American English. Towards is standard in
British English.

Who's /Whose: Who's is a contraction of "who is": Who's calling Chester at this
hour? Whose is a possessive pronoun that means "belonging to [someone]": Chester,
whose phone hadn't stopped ringing all morning, bare.
 ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

1. A life history written by somebody else biography

2. A person who speaks two languages. – Bilingual

3. A government by a king or a queen – Monarchy

4. A traveller in space – Astronaut

5. One who does not believe in God- Atheist

6. One who believes in God – Theist

7. Love for mankind – Philanthropy

8. One who loves mankind – Philanthropist

9. That does not bear the name of the writer - Anonymous.

10. Make impure by addition of inferior substance - Adulterate.

11. One who is able to use both hands equally well-

Ambidextrous. 12. An expert judge in matters of taste -

Connoisseur.

13. A person in charge of a museum - Curator.

14. The who drives a car of others for salary - Chauffeur

15. A group of singers in a church - Choir

16. One who wends shoes-Cobblers

17. A place where ships are repaired or built - Dock (Dry Dock)

18. A thing that is fit to be eaten-Edible

19. Misappropriation of money-Embezzlement

20. One who owns and controls a business empire- Entrepreneur

21. Art of effective speaking - Elocution (Rhetoric)

22. A person who leaves his country & settles in another country- Emigrant

23. Wasteful in spending - Extravagant

24. A person who is controlled by his wife – Henpeck

25. One who runs away from law – Fugitive

26. Deliberate killing of whole community or race – Genocide

27. The act of killing a human being – Homicide

28. Irrational fear of water-Hydrophobia

29. Language or words used by a particular profession which is difficult for

others to understanding - Jargon
30. Tendency to steal things - Kleptomania

31. One who dies for the salie of one's country- Martyr

32. The study of collection of coins, bark notes or medals - Numismatics

33. One who holds traditional beliefs – Orthodox

34. A remedy for all ills - Panacea

35. To keep in isolation, for a fixed period in order to prevent infection-

Quarantine
36. One who abstains from alcoholic drinks - Teetotaller

37. One who is more than a hundred years old - Centenarian

38. One who is eighty years old - Octogenarian

39. One who champions/works/speaks for the cause of women-Feminist

40. One who is sympathetic to mankind - Humanitarian

41. One who walks on foot-Pedestrian

42. One who is new to a profession - Novice

43. One who carves in stones - Sculptor

44. One who sells sweets & pastries - Confectioner

45. One who collects postage stamps - Philatelist

46. One who compiles a dictionary - lexicographer

47. One who walks in one's sleep - Somnambulist

48. One who talks in one's sleep - Somniloquist

49. One who imitates the voice & gesture of others - Mimic

50. A professional rider in horse races - Jockey

51. A place with gambling tables-Casino

52. A number of stars grouped together - Constellation

53. A medicine to counteract poison - antidote

54. An inscription on a tomb-epitaph

55. The study of mankind-anthropology

56. A hater of women - Misogynist

57. A poem of mourning – Elegy

58. A place where ancient things/works are kept- Museum

59. A place where idols of gods are Kept-Sanctum sanctorum

60. A lover of books-bibliophile

61. A speech made without preparation-extrempore

62. One who is too simple & easily deceived - Gullible

 63. Extreme or irrational fear of confined places-Claustrophobia

64. Fear of spiders - Arachnophobia

65. Fear of heights - Aerophobia

66. Fear of darkness - Nyctophobia

67. One who speaks more than one language-Polyglot

68. A group of followers hired to applaud at a performance –

Claque 69. Therapeutic use of sunlight-Heliotheraphy

70. Study of birds – Ornithology

THESAURUS (SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS)

Thesaurus - A book that contains lists of words and phrases with similar meanings
(synonyms) and opposite meanings (antonyms).

Dictionary - a book that contains a list of the words in a language in the order of the
alphabet and that tells you what they mean, in the same or another language.

LIST-
Words Synonyms Antonyms
Abundant plentiful, ample, bountifulscarce, rare, limited
Abolish Abrogate Enact
Abash Disconcert, rattle Uphold, Discompose Pardon,
Absolve forgiveCompel, Accuse Awareness,
Acumen brillianceStupidity, Ignorance Agreement,
Accord harmonyDiscord
Adamant Stubborn, inflexibleFlexible, Soft Misfortune,
Adversity calamityProsperity, Fortune Abate, relieve
Alleviate Aggravate, Enhance
Amplify Augment, deepen Lessen, Contract
Ascend Escalate Descend, Decline
Audacity Boldness, Courage Mildness, Cowardice
Awkward Rude, blundering Adroit, clever
Axiom Adage, truism Absurdity, Blunder
Baffle Astound, Faze Facilitate, Clarify
Bewitching Alluring, charming Repulsive, Repugnant
Bustle Commotion, Tumult Slowness, Quiet
Busy Active, Engaged Idle, Lazy
Calamity adversity, misfortune Fortune
Callous obdurate, unfeeling Compassionate, Tender
Cease terminate, desist Begin, Originate
Chaste virtuous, pure Sullied, Lustful
Comprise include, contain Reject, lack
Classic Simple, Typical Romantic, Unusual
Concur approve, agree Differ, disagree
Consolidate solidify, strengthen Separate, Weaken
Compress Abbreviate, Shrink Amplify, Expand
Decipher interpret, reveal Misinterpret, distort
Demolish Ruin, devastate Repair, construct
Dwarf Diminutive, Petite Huge, Giant
Eager Keen, acquisitive Indifferent, apathetic
Endeavour undertake, aspire Cease, quit
Enormous colossal, mammoth Diminutive, negligible
Epitome precise, example Increment, expansion
Fabricate construct, produce Destroy, Dismantle
Feeble weak, frail Strong, Robust
Ferocious cruel, fierce Gentle, Sympathetic
Feud strife, quarrel Harmony, fraternity
Fluctuate deflect, vacillate Stabilize, resolve
Gather Converge, huddle Disperse, Dissemble
Gorgeous magnificent, dazzling Dull, unpretentious
Gracious courteous, beneficent Rude, Unforgiving
Genuine Absolute, Factual Spurious
Gloomy Bleak, cloudy Gay, Bright
Hamper retard, prevent Promote, facilitate
Hazard Peril, danger Conviction, security
Humble Meek, Timid Proud, Assertive
Humility Resignation, Fawning Boldness, Pride
Impulsive Flaky, Impetuous Cautious, Deliberate
Interesting Enchanting, Riveting Dull, Uninteresting
Immaculate unsullied, spotless Defiled, Tarnished
Immerse submerge, involve Emerge, uncover
Imminent impending, brewing Distant, Receding
Inevitable unavoidable, ascertained Unlikely, Doubtful
Infringe violate, encroach Comply, Concur
Immaculate Exquisite, Impeccable Defiled, Tarnished
Jaded tired, exhausted Renewed, recreated
Justify defend, exculpate Impute, arraign
Juvenile young, tender Dotage, antiquated
Keen sharp, poignant Vapid, insipid
Lavish abundant, excessive Scarce, deficient
Lenient compassionate, merciful Cruel, severe
Liable accountable, bound Unaccountable, apt to
Liberal magnanimous, generous Stingy, malicious
Linger loiter, prolong Hasten, quicken
Luscious palatable, delicious Unsavory
Mandatory Imperative, requisite Optional
Masculine Gallant, strapping Feminine, meek
Modest humble, courteous Arrogant, pompous
Mutual joint, identical Separate, distinct
Nimble prompt, brisk Sluggish, languid
Nonchalant indifferent, negligent Attentive, considerate
Nullify cancel, annual Confirm, Uphold
Numerous profuse, various Scarce, deficient
Obstruct impede, prevent Hasten, encourage
Obtain Access, Inherit Forfeit
Obvious Evident, apparent Obscure, ambiguous
Optimist Idealist Pessimist
Pacify Appease, Chasten Irritate, worsen
Persuade Cajole, Impress Dissuade, halt
Propagate Inseminate, fecundate Suppress, deplete
Progress Pace, Betterment Retrogress, worsening
Prompt Precise, Punctual Slow, Negligent
Prudence Vigilance, Discretion Indiscretion
Pompous haughty, arrogant Unpretentious, humble
Quaint Queer, strange Familiar, usual
Quarantine seclude, screen Befriend, socialize
Rebellious Restless, attacking Submissive, Compliant
Rectify Amend, Remedy Falsify, Worsen
Reluctant Cautious, Averse anxious, Eager
Restrain Detain, Confine Incite
Redeem Recover, liberate Conserve lose
Remorse Regret, penitence Ruthlessness, obduracy
Retract Recant, withdraw Confirm, assert
Rustic Rural, uncivilized Cultured, Refined
Ruthless Remorseless, inhumane Compassionate, lenient
Sacred Cherish, Divine Ungodly, Profane
Savage Wild, untamed Polished, Civilized
Sarcastic Ironical, derisive Courteous, gracious
Sympathy Tenderness, harmony Antipathy, Discord
System Scheme, Entity Chaos, Disorder
Taboo Prohibit, ban Permit, consent
Taciturn Reserved, silent Talkative, extrovert
Tedious Wearisome. Irksome Exhilarating, lively
Temperate Cool, moderate Boisterous, violent
Utterly Completely, entirely Deficiently, incomplete
Uncouth Boorish, Clownish Elegant, Compensate
Urchin Foundling, Orphan Creep, Knave
Urge Incite, Implore Abhorrence, Abomination
Vanity Conceit, pretension Modesty, Humility
Venom Poison, malevolence Antidote, Benevolent
Veteran Ingenious, experienced Novice, tyro
Vicious Corrupt, obnoxious Noble, Virtuous
Vigilant Cautious, alert Careless, negligent
Wicked vicious, immoral Virtuous, Noble
Wield Exert, employ Forgo, avoid
Winsome Beautiful, Comely Alluring, Rapturous
Yell shout, shriek Whisper muted
Yield surrender abdicate Resist, protest
Yearn languish, crave Content, satisfy
Zeal eagerness, fervor Apathy, lethargy
Zenith summit, apex Nadir, base
Zest delight, enthusiasm Disgust, passive
Zig -zag oblique, wayward Straight, unbent
 COMPREHENSION

Mike and Morris lived in the same village. While Morris owned the largest
jewelry shop in the village, Mike was a poor farmer. Both had large families
with many sons, daughters-in-law and grandchildren. One fine day, Mike,
tired of not being able to feed his family, decided to leave the village and
move to the city where he was certain to earn enough to feed everyone.
Along with his family, he left the village for the city. At night, they stopped
under a large tree. There was a stream running nearby where they could
freshen up themselves. He told his sons to clear the area below the tree, he
told his wife to fetch water and he instructed his daughters-in-law to
make up the fire and started cutting wood from the tree himself. They
didn’t know that in the branches of the tree, there was a thief hiding. He
watched as
Mike’s family worked together and also noticed that they had nothing to
cook. Mike’s wife also thought the same and asked her husband ” Everything
is ready but what shall we eat?”. Mike raised his hands to heaven and said ”
Don’t worry. He is watching all of this from above. He will help us.” The thief
got worried as he had seen that the family was large and worked well
together. Taking advantage of the fact that they did not know he was hiding
in the branches, he decided to make a quick escape. He climbed down safely
when they were not looking and ran for his life. But, he left behind the bundle
of stolen jewels and money which dropped into Mike’s lap. Mike opened it
and jumped with joy when he saw the contents. The family gathered all
their belongings and returned to the village. There was great excitement
when they told everyone how they got rich. Morris thought that the tree
was miraculous and this was a nice and quick way to earn some money. He
ordered his family to pack some clothes and they set off as if on a journey.
They also stopped under the same tree and Morris started commanding
everyone as Mike had done. But no one in his family was willing to obey his
orders. Being a rich family, they were used to having servants all around. So,
the one who went to the river to fetch water enjoyed a nice bath. The one
who went to get wood for fire went off to sleep. Morris’s wife said ”
Everything is ready but what shall we eat ?” Morris raised his hands and said,
” Don’t worry. He is watching all of this from above. He will help us.” As soon
as he finished saying, the thief jumped down from the tree with a knife in
hand. Seeing him, everyone started running around to save their lives. The
thief stole everything they had and Morris and his family had to return to the
village empty handed, having lost all their valuables that they had taken with
them.
Question 1: Why did Mike and his family decide to rest under the thief’s tree?
A) Being a large family, they knew that they could easily defeat the thief
B) It was a convenient spot for taking a halt at night
C) There was a stream nearby and wood enough to build a house
D) That was the only large tree that could shelter their large family
Solution: B) It was a convenient spot for taking a halt at night A is incorrect as they
didn’t know that a thief was hiding in the tree. C is incorrect as nothing has been
mentioned in the passage about the amount of wood D is incorrect as nothing has
been mentioned about the number of trees.
Question 2: Which of the following best describes Morris?
A) He was a rich businessman
B) He bullied his wife
C) He paid his servants well
D) He was greedy and imitated Mike

Solution : D) He was greedy and imitated Mike

Question 3: What did Mike mean when he said “He is watching all this from
above”?
A) He had spotted the thief and wanted to scare him
B) He was telling his wife to have faith in god
C) It was just a warning for his family members to stick together
D) He was begging the thief to help his family
Solution: B) He was telling his wife to have faith in god

Question 4: Why did the thief return to the tree?

A) To wait for Mike to return
B) To set up a trap
C) To wait for Morris’s family
D) Not mentioned in the passage

Solution : D) Not mentioned in the passage

Question 5: How did the fellow villagers react to Mike getting rich overnight?
A) They were jealous of him
B) They were very excited
C) They followed his example
D) They envied him
Solution: B) They were very excited
____________________________________________________________________
 MOST REPEATED QUESTIONS
UNIT-2
▪ GROWTH AND SUCCESS OF AN ORGANISATION BROADLY LIES IN
CONTINUOUS AND
MULTI DIRECTIONAL LEVEL FLOW OF COMMUNICATION. EXPLAIN.
(7.5) ▪ WHAT IS GRAPEVINE COMMUNICATION? (2)
▪ DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN AMERICAN, BRITISH AND INDIAN ENGLISH.
(4)
▪ WHAT IS INDIANISM? (2)
▪ WHAT IS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE? (2)
▪ TELL ANY 5 TELEPHONE ETIQUETTES. (5)
▪ USE THE FOLLOWING PAIR OF WORDS IN SENTENCE TO
DIFFERENTIATE THE
MEANING- (2)
a) Hale, Hail b) Affection, Affectation
OR
▪ Fill in the blanks choosing from the suggested words (any five): (5)
i. The children have been (oftenly/patiently) waiting for the results.
ii.This sweater will be ... for me. (good enough/enough fine)
iii.They went out…. the cold wind outside. (inspite/despite)
iv. Food is better... that in Delhi. (than/then)
v. She wrote the draft... a pencil. (by/with)
vi. He was walking too fast. I could not…. (keep forward/keep up) with
him.
vii. Akhil was anxious …..the safety of his grandparents. (about/at)
 MOST REPEATED QUESTIONS
▪ WRITE ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION FOR THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS- (2)
a) a state of high blood pressure
b) Capable of being read
c) Words inscribed on tomb of a person
d) A state of perfect balance
OR
▪ Give one word for the following: (2.5)
1. Someone with an unprejudiced and accommodating nature.
2. Impulsive stealing
3. Easily convinced, cheated and gulled
4. An artist's most outstanding and memorable artistic creation
5. One who dedicates his life to a selfless pursuit of helping others
▪ WRITE SYNONYMS OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS – (2)
a) Deadly b) Concise c) Hamper d) Savage
▪ WRITE ANTONYMS OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS- (2)
a) Logical b) Transparent c) Stale d) Homogenous
▪ Read the paragraph carefully and answer the following questions: (10)
The advancement of science and technology has brought a reformation in many fields. In agriculture, the crop
yield and the quality of crop is greatly improved using modern techniques and technology. In the field of
medicine, the technology helps to detect the disease and enables the doctor to proceed with his treatment.
Even in detecting diseases and providing treatment the bio-medical instruments are of much importance. The
improvement of Science and Technology has led to the reduction in death rate as well as birth rate. (In the
field of communication, technology plays a major role. It helps to link the people from all corners. Space
communication is also possible due to scientific advancement. Radar communication is more advantageous to
detect the range of the approaching object. This enables the aviation to flourish successfully. The most obvious
application of technology is found in industries in the production side. Using the
advanced technology the high quality production is possible and the surplus production will fetch a country
enough export opportunity and thereby leads to the economic prosperity.
At the same time the wrong application or excess application of the same will lead to a disastrous effect The
excess use of technology causes environmental pollution
through smoke, liquid and solid water. The wrong application is felt in the production
of nuclear weapons which have the power to destroy the whole world. A country's technology should be
profitable and harmless. Excess use of it may take away employment opportunity. Our country is noted for its
manpower. The maximum utilization of technology will leave many jobless. So, the scientist should see the
appropriate use of technology to generate employment. Our technology should act
as a bridge connecting poverty and prosperity. India is a country backed by villages.
So our technology should be beneficial to the rural people. It should help them to
come out of their poverty. The right technology, using the right available resource,
for the right cause will make the other countries feel happy about us.
4.1 Write the significance of technology in the fields of communication and agriculture. (2)
4.3 What are the effects of excess use of science and technology?(2)
4.3 How can we bring happiness in the mind of our citizens? (2)
4.4 Write a précis of the above paragraph and also give a suitable title. (4)
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