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E9 Ocr

The document describes testing the performance of an over current relay. It details the hardware, theory of overcurrent protection, testing setup, specifications, working principle, connection diagram, procedure, observations and results. The goal is to analyze the relay's behavior by varying the current setting and recording tripping times for different plug multiplier settings.

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GIRINITH R
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33 views9 pages

E9 Ocr

The document describes testing the performance of an over current relay. It details the hardware, theory of overcurrent protection, testing setup, specifications, working principle, connection diagram, procedure, observations and results. The goal is to analyze the relay's behavior by varying the current setting and recording tripping times for different plug multiplier settings.

Uploaded by

GIRINITH R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ex.

No: Performance analysis of Over current relay


Date:

Aim:

Hardware / Software required:


a) NV7091 – Over Current Relay Testing System
b) Patch Cords
c) Rheostat 110 Ohms, 5A
d) Low powered lamp load: 230V, 15W

Theory:
FAULTS IN POWER SYSTEM: Electrical power systems have a dynamic and complex
behaviour. Different types of faults can interrupt the healthy operation of the power system.
Electrical line faults are characterized as:
• Line to Ground Fault
• Line to Line Fault
• Line-Line to Ground Fault
• L-L-L Fault (Line-Line-Line Fault)
• L-L-L-G Fault (Line-Line-Line to Ground Fault)

PROTECTIVE RELAYS:

For protection of electrical apparatus and transmission lines, electromechanical relays with
accurate operating characteristics were used to detect overload, short-circuits, and other faults.
Such relays are called protective relays. These relays monitor the current, voltage, frequency, or
any other type of electric power measurement either from a generating source or to a load for the
purpose of triggering a circuit breaker to open in the event of an abnormal condition.

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION:

The most fundamental requirement in any electrical system is proper over current protection of
conductors and equipment. Over current is the condition, which arises when the current in amperes

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 1


is greater than the rated current of the equipment or conductors. An over current protection device
protects the circuit by opening the device when the current reaches a value that will cause an
excessive or dangerous temperature rise in conductors. Most over-current protection devices
respond to both, short-circuit or ground-fault current values as well as overload conditions.
Typically conductors must be protected against over-current in accordance with their ampere
capacity after ampere capacity adjustment. With overloading, there is an associated temperature
rise. The permissible temperature rise has a limit based on insulation class and material problems.
Over-current protection of overloads is generally provided by thermal relays. Over-current
protection includes short-circuit protection also. Short-circuit currents are generally several times
(5 to 20) full load current. Hence fast fault clearance is always desirable on short-circuits.

The protection should not operate for starting currents, permissible over-current, and current
surges. To achieve this, the time delay should be provided (in case of inverse relays). If time delay
cannot be permitted, high-set instantaneous relaying is used. The protection should be coordinated
with neighbouring over-current protections so as to discriminate.

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 2


Over current relay - Testing setup:

Technical Specifications:

Mains Supply: 230V ±10%, 50Hz

Single Phase Variac Input: 230V Output: 0 - 270V Current: 0 - 5A

Transformer Rating: 1kVA Primary Voltage: 0-230V Secondary Voltage: 0-230V

Display Measurement Unit Design Technology: AVR RISC Microcontroller Measurement Method:
CT based ADC interface Ammeter : 0.2 - 5A Display Resolution : 0.01A

Over Current Relay Type : Electromechanical Normal Voltage : 110V AC, 50Hz Current Setting :
0.5A, 0.75A, 1A, 1.25A, 1.50A, 1.75A and 2A CT Secondary : 1A

Features:
• Inbuilt Variable Supply
• Graphical LCD Display
• Fast response time
• Stand-alone operation
• Designed by considering all the safety precautions
• Diagrammatic representation for the ease of connections
• Online product tutorial

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 3


Working Principle of Over current relay:
Electric equipment needs over current protection to prevent damage from over-loading of
devices, or to protect against short circuits in connecting cables or some another kind of internal
faults. Overload protection relay is operated by a heating element in series with the device. The
heat generated by the current heats a bimetallic strip or melts solder, releasing a spring to operate
contacts. The over current relay works on the induction principle. The moving system consists of
an aluminum disc fixed on a vertical shaft and rotating on two jeweled bearings between the poles
of an electromagnet and a damping magnet. The winding of the electromagnet is provided with
seven taps (generally, which are brought on the front panel, and the required tap is selected by a
push-in -type plug. The pick-up current setting can thus be varied by the use of such plug multiplier
setting.

The protective relaying which responds to a rise in current flowing through the protected
element over a pre-determined value is called 'over current protection' and the relays used for this
purpose are known as over current relays. The operating time of all over current relays tends to
become asymptotic to a definite minimum value with increase in the value of current. This is an
inherent property of the electromagnetic relays due to saturation of the magnetic circuit. By
varying the point of saturation, different characteristics can be obtained, which characterizes the
over current relay in following types:
a) Definite time Relay
Definite time relays are also known as independent time relays:- Their operating time depends on
the current level. This responds to Negative-Sequence Current and provides Phase to Phase fault
protection. Independent Time relays are used when the short-circuit level is very high OR when
short circuit current is likely to vary widely at given point.
b) Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT)
IDMT relays are also known as dependent time relays. This responds to Residual Current and
provides conventional ground fault protection. Dependent Time relays are used when the
operation of network includes high-level short-time overloads and Relay operation is coordinated
with a large number of fuses.
c) Very Inverse
d) Extremely Inverse

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 4


Connection Diagram:

Precautions:
a) Before performing any experiment, make sure that earthing is proper and it is connected
to the back side of the panel.
b) Do not touch Rheostat at the time of testing to avoid shock.
c) Always turn switch at position “Off” when relay trips.
d) Ensure that the ammeter & voltmeter are inbuilt connected.

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 5


Connection Procedure:

1. First make sure that the mains supply is ‘Off’.


2. Connect terminal P (Phase) to terminal 1 and terminal N (Neutral) to terminal 2.
3. Connect terminal 1 to terminal 3 and terminal 4 to rheostat terminal R1.
4. Connect rheostat terminal R2 to terminal S1 and S2 goes to terminal C1
5. Connect terminal S3 to terminal 5 and finally terminal 5 connect to terminals C2 & terminal
2.
6. Connect terminal CB1 to terminal 6 and terminal 7 to terminal NO2.
7. Connect terminal CB2 to terminal NO1.
8. Now connect terminal 8 & 9 across load terminals 10 & 11.
9. Connect the external rheostat to terminal R1 & R2.
10. Make sure that the Rheostat is at maximum position.
11. Keep the single Phase variac knob is at zero position.
12. Connect 15W bulb to bulb holder provided on the control panel.

Experimental Procedure:

1. Check all the connection are made as per the above procedure.
2. Connect single phase mains cord to single phase socket provided at the back side of the
control panel.
3. First, unscrew the cover of relay & set the plug at appropriate position Ffor example set at
0.5A). After plug setting screw the cover.
4. Switch “On” Single Phase Supply as well as MCB.
5. If LCD is not ‘On’ then use Reset switch.
6. Set Single Phase Voltage at 50V through Single Phase Variac (inbuilt), that time switch
should be at ‘Off’ position.
7. Keep Switch at position “Current Set’ and set the current through sliding rheostat above
settled plug multiplier value as specified in observation table.
8. Now turn the switch at position “Off” ( At this position, circuit will gets open that is,
terminal S3 will neither connect to relay nor to neutral terminal “N”)

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 6


9. Now turn the switch at position “Relay on” to connect the relay into the circuit and
consequently observe the trip time of the relay. (At this position, circuit will connect to the
Over Current Relay)
10. Record tripping time of the Over Current Relay into observation table.
11. After tripping relay, switch set at ‘Off’ position & get on the flag of relay provided at bottom
of relay cover.
12. Takes number of readings by adjusting the current through rheostat and note down in to the
observation table.
13. Similarly repeat the above procedure for different plug settings.
14. Plot the graph between Current setting (X-Axis) Tripping time of relay (Y-Axis) for different
values of PSM and analyse the behaviour of over current relay.

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 7


Observation Table:

S. Plug Setting Multiplier Current setting Relay Tripping


No. (PSM) (Amps) time (Sec)

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 8


Result:

EE3611 – Power System Laboratory (R2021) 9

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