UNCLASSIFIED

Distribution A: Approved for public release

Precision Strike
Winter Roundtable

“Precision Engagement –
Strategic Context
for the
Long War”
John Wilcox
***
Asst Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
Weapons Technology (Precision Engagement)
Blueprint Director, Joint Capability Technology
for the Future Demonstration (JCTD)
Program

February 1, 2007 UNCLASSIFIED

Challenges for DoD Investment
- What Have We Learned?
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Plan
Plan Find
Find Fix
Fix Track
Track Target
Target Engage Assess
Assess

ƒ Need to ‘Map the Human Terrain’ across the Kill Chain

– Enables the entire Kill Chain for the GWOT
ƒ Target Detection may be Difficult and Require Non-Traditional Means
ƒ Enemy Exists inside potentially High Collateral Damage Areas
– And… in Denied Access Areas
ƒ Sometimes We ID the Enemy but….
– … do not have an adequate/appropriate Strike Solution in time
ƒ Mobile / Re-locatable Targets Remain a Problem!
ƒ The Target Characteristics may Remain Unknown even at…
Time Over Target … & “How Did We Do?”
ƒ If Decision Timeline Varies and can be Long… let’s Enable the Rest of
the Kill Chain to be Dynamically Responsive
 Technology
DDR&E Transformationand Transformation
Transformational
- Technology Initiatives Attributes
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Knowledge
Agility Speed

Lethality

• Surveillance and Knowledge Systems

• Energy and Power Technologies
• Combat ID & Rapid Targeting Technologies
• Weapon Technology Investment
Key Areas for Technology Investment
Context: Precision Engagement - ‘The Long War’
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Persistent Surveillance
– ‘Sensing in new dimensions’ for the enemy
ƒ Combat Identification
– ‘Realize’ the Blue Force kinematic advantage
ƒ Netted Weapons
– ISR constellation & ‘shooters’
ƒ Penetrating Weapons Technology
– Goal: Increased Weapons Effectiveness
ƒ The ‘Right Types’ of Weapons
– Realize the ‘Importance of ‘Speed’
– Can compensate slow decision timelines!
Unchallenged Advantage Across the Battlespace!
 “Find” - Persistent Surveillance
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Joint Warfighting Problem

• GWOT demands additional persistent Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR)

to conduct intelligence operations including forensic intelligence.

• Endurance measured in days, not hours, required for an “unblinking eye” system is a
transformational capability that does not exist today.

• Satellite coverage at most latitudes depends on orbiting satellites with known revisit times,
permitting the enemy to conceal, hide and avoid detection.

• Bandwidth availability on the battlefield is at a premium and many communications

systems cannot be optimized due to higher priority communications conducted via other
options.

Attributes
ƒ Very Long Endurance
ƒ Multi-Dimensional Payloads - “non-traditional” ISR
ƒ Avoid Forward Logistics ‘Footprints’
ƒ Survivable and Difficult to Detect
Global Observer
- Hydrogen Powered UAV
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Global Observer UAV

– Liquid hydrogen fuel enables 7-day endurance
– Provides the persistent presence required for
an “unblinking eye”
– Enables forensic intelligence operations and
other critical missions for all COCOMS and
Services

ƒ Advantages
– Long endurance minimizes ops tempo/cost
Global Observer UAS
• Fewer flights Prototype (in flight)
• Fewer aircraft
• Reduced logistic tail
– Upgradeable multiple payload capability
• EO / IR
• GMTI / SAR
• Communications Relay
• Psyops
• GPS Augmentation
• Other (SIGINT, COMINT, MASINT)
 Coalition Combat Identification (CCID)
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS
BLO
S Attack/Scout
Helicopter
Close Air Support FAC
RBCI
RBCI
Problem This Solves: Reduced
RBCI combat effectiveness, constrained
RF Tags
tactics, and eroded force cohesion
BTID
as a result of an increased fratricide
Vehicle to Vehicle
RBCI
rate potential
FO

DSID Solution:
Fire Support Dismounted Infantry Coalition interoperable Combat ID
Led by JFCOM & ACC with systems including:
participation of 9 nations • Battlefield Target ID (BTID)
Demo – Operation Bold Quest • Radio Based Combat ID (RBCI)
• “Laser Vision” - Laser Target • Dismounted Soldier ID Device
Imaging – Increased ID Range (DSID)
• “Radar Vision” – Advanced • Radio Frequency (RF) Tags
Radar Algorithms for Target ID
 Dynamic Operational Environment
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

5% 20% 10% 65%

Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Relo- Relocat- Relo- Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile
Ultra Hard Hard Med Med Soft Area catable able catable Soft Soft Med Hard Med
-Hard Point Area Point Area Point Soft Soft Med Hard Point Area Area Point Point
Area Area Area
75% of the

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Õ Surveillan
aster
Õ Natural Dis
Probability of Occurrence

Õ Terrorism
rce
Õ Show of Fo Use of Force
aids
Õ Strikes & R
Õ Insurgency • Missions and tasking span targets
n
Õ Revolutio across the full spectrum of conflict
Õ Civil War Wa r • Precision engagement is increasingly
Peacetime Õ Limited r War r
& Low Intensity Õ Theate Õ General Wa focused on Hi- Value, Hi- Priority, and
Crisis Conflict Mid-Intensity High-Intensity Time Critical Targets
Level of Conflict
 Net-Enabled Weapon
Capabilities
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Weapon In-flight Tracking

• Strike De-confliction and Synchronization
• Health, Arming Status, Location, Target
Acquisition, …
ƒ Weapon In-flight Target Update
• Key For Moving and Mobile Targets
• Key Enabler for Interdiction Role
• Weapon Retargeting
• Importance Increases with Standoff
• Enhanced Time-Sensitive-Target Capability
ƒ Weapon Impact Assessment (WIA)
• Post-strike Assessment and Re-strike Decisions
• ISR information
• Weapon Abort
• Collateral damage changes

Key Player in Irregular Warfare!

“Target & Engage”
Netted Weapons - Weapon Data Link
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

What have we done to date?...

ƒ Common Weapon Language To Achieve Required Capabilities

ƒ Developed Standard Architecture for Integrating Weapons Into

Network – Completed Wpn Interface Control Documents (ICDs)

ƒ Demonstrated Communication Network With A Transceiver In

Weapon Surrogate

ƒ Identify Infrastructure Modifications

ƒ Establish Baseline CONOPS For Weapons Network

Communication

ƒ Risk Reduction For Weapon SPOs’ Data Link SDD Programs

USAF, USN & JFCOM 2005 ACTD

Networked Weapons
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Satellite Grid

Theater Grid

U-2
Predator
Global Hawk
AWACS
P-3 JSTARS
ASTOR Rivet Joint
S-3 Viking

Strategic/Tactical Grids
B-2

Apache UCAV F-18

F-16
Black Hawk F-14

Weapon Grids Weapon Grids NOT INTEGRATED

Opportunity!! Tomahawk

JASSM MALD J SDB Inc 2

JSOW
WCMD

Surface Infrastructure
Surface Grids
Surface Grids Surface Grids
 Weapon Data Link Network ACTD
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Integrated Data Link Capability into

Weapons, Sets Stage for Weapon
Integration into Network Centric
Warfare
– Risk Reduction for Weapon
SPOs Data Link Programs
– Develops Architectural
Framework Supporting
Current/Future Weapons Needs
(2010, ~2020)
– Establishes CONEMP and
Common Network Interface
– Identifies C2 and Aircraft
Infrastructure Mods
Find,
Find, Fix,
Fix, Track,
Track, Target,
Target, Engage,
Engage, Assess
Assess

Pathfinder for Network-Enabled Weapons Capability

“Find, Fix, Track, Target & Engage”
Netted Weapons – Joint Surface Warfare
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

What needs to be done?...

ƒ Incorporate the Weapon Data Link J28 Message into the ISR
– Expands Targeting Chain
– Enables Moving Target Engagement
– Layers in Combat ID for Friendly vs. Hostile
ƒ Integrates USAF & USN ISR & Shooters
– Joint ISR and Launch Platforms with Weapons
– Capitalizes on mature technologies to enable target
discrimination, multi-target track and multi-target location.
ƒ Expand Cross-Component Net-Centricity in Combat Operations

USAF & USN FY07 New Start

Joint SuW Concept
Multiple Interchangeable ISR Assets Targeting Multiple Weapons
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Network ISR Orbit

Shooters

or
Carrier

CAOC

Targets

Threat

Chronological
Chronological Progression
Progression
1.
1. Target
Target Acquisition
Acquisition
2.
2. Target
Target Track
Track
= Funded or Existing ASuW Capabilities
3.
3. Weapon
Weapon Engage
Engage = New JCTD ASuW Capabilities
 Joint Warfighting Problem
ƒ Limited and marginal targeting at range
• Targeting accuracy
• Selectivity
• Recognition and ID
ƒ Limited weapon capability through the weather
ƒ Very limited weapon capability in obscured
ƒ Limited Kill Chain connectivity

CTD
W J
JSu

•• Comprehensive
Comprehensive KillKill Chain
Chain development
development and and management
management
•• Corrections
Corrections to
to existing
existing targeting
targeting systems
systems to to fulfill
fulfill those
those Kill
Kill Chains
Chains
•• Corrections
Corrections to
to existing
existing weapons
weapons to to fulfill
fulfill those
those Kill
Kill Chains
Chains
•• Weapons
Weapons Data
Data Link
Link connectivity
connectivity to
to support
support thosethose KillKill Chains
Chains
 Joint Network Enabled Weapons
(JNEW) JT&E ( just started! )
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Find/Fix Track /Target Engage Assess

• Search • Track Pairing • Weapon Pairing • Weapon Impact

• Detection • Gridlocking • Precision Track Assessment
• Cueing • Georegistration • In-Flight Update
• Handover • Track Maintenance • Weapons Status
• Combat ID • Abort

Feedback Loop To/From

F2T2 Enablers

“Kill-Chain”
JC2NEW Scope
* MTTP – Time-Sensitive-Targets (2004)

Net-Enabled Weapons Complete the “Kill-Chain”

“Target & Engage”
- Penetrating Weapons
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Effectiveness of current penetrating weapons

– … needs to be assessed against worldwide target set
ƒ ‘Theme to Date’… Build Large Penetrators with increased HE
– Compensates for lack of ‘Knowledge’ of the Target
– Large Penetrators are usually limited in numbers and logistically difficult!
ƒ Need to Generate Effect in the HDBT ‘Layers’
ƒ “Assess” – Must be able to characterize…
– ‘How we did post-strike’ / HDBT BDA
ƒ Tunnel Targets Remain a Problem
– STRATCOM & DTRA – Strong efforts to provide CoComs with new tools
and Targeting Capabilities
– Tunnel Target Defeat Planning Tool Set
– Thermobaric Weapon
 Why A HTVS Fuze Is Required
Weapon Release

1. Intel Uncertainty Impacts Target

• Difficult For Intel to Predict
- Target Depth and Layering
- Target Hardness
ƒ Void Sensing Mitigates These Issues

2. Trend Toward Harder Targets

• Need Reliable Fuze to Meet Harder Target Rqmts >10K PSI Concrete Senses First Void
• Legacy Fuzes (FMU-143 & 152) Designed For <5K PSI Concrete

3. Risk Reduction For Future Weapons, e.g. Hypersonic Senses Second Void

4. Fuze Industrial Base Must Remain Viable

5. Multiple Capability Documents - Stated Fuze Rqmt

Warhead Detonates
• HDBT Mission Area ICD
• HDBT Characterize/Engage/Assess (CEA) ICD
• Chemical, Biological, Agent Defeat (CBAD) Capability Development Document (CDD)
Hard and Deeply Buried Target Characterize, Engage and Assess ICD OV-1
The HDBT ‘Kill Chain’

COLLECTION PROCESSING PRODUCTION TARGETING EXECUTION

NRO DIA/DT JICs COCOM/
USGS Component JFC

CIA JWAC UFAC

JICs
DIA DTRA
NGA

NSA
DIA ASSESSMENT

DOE
DOE

NGA NGA
“Target & Engage & Assess” -
The ‘Right Types’ of Weapons
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Generate the Desired Effect

– Focused Lethality
ƒ Moving / Re-locatable Targets
ƒ Time Sensitive Targeting
– Speed? Seeker vs. speed
investment
– Avoid Unnecessary Collateral
Damage
ƒ Improve the Targeting Equation
– Target Location Accuracy
Improvements
– GPS Accuracy / Weapon
Accuracy
ƒ Post – Strike Assessment
– UAVs
– Seeker information through
Weapon Data Link
– Unattended Ground Sensors
CENTCOM Need Statement
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS
USCENTAF/CD
524 Shaw Drive, Suite 200 There is an urgent operational need to provide
Shaw AFB, SC 29152-5029 airborne platforms, including the F-15E

SDB I, modified to include a

composite case and DIME fill

SDB I Hardware
Attaches to
dramatically reducing collateral damage Composite Case

New Technology
- Composite Case Warhead
- MNX-1209 Explosive (MBX)
- Blast Only
 Focused Lethality Munition (FLM)
- Small Diameter Bomb – Eglin AFB
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Problem Statement: Collateral Damage from Current Weapons Result in Target

Restrictions Limiting COCOMs Ability to Prosecute Targets Requiring Minimized
Collateral Damage

ƒ Objective: Develop Composite Cased Warhead w/ Specialized Fill to Reduce

Fragmentation Effects While Increasing Blast Effects Æ Focused Lethality Munition
(FLM)

Prosecute Previously Off-Limits Targets

Solution
• Integrate Dense Inert Metal
Explosive (DIME) w/ Composite
Warhead Case into the Small
Diameter Bomb (SDB) I
Airframe
FLM CONOPS
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS
Proposed FLM Target Set
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Personnel
– Open, rural areas
– Open, residential areas
– Mortar sites
– Close Air Support
ƒ Light vehicles, stationary
– Vehicle with gun in rear
– Non-Armored transport
vehicles
ƒ Soft Buildings
– Terracotta
– Dried Mud Hut
 Value of Speed… global strike
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Benefits 1.8m (speed) ~ Survivability/Vulnerability ~ 1/10 (Signature)

• Reduced Adversary Detection W e a p o n E n g a g e a b ility b y S A M S y s te m
11663

and Reaction Time 12000

• Reduced Strike Package Assets

Engagement Area, Sq. N. Mi.

7944
10000 6242

• Increased Engagement Area by 8000

3470

a Single Platform 6000 1953

1589 872
2142
• Increased Shooter Survivability 4000
383
72 50 30
201

2000 60 Baseline
16
• Increased Kills per Launch 7

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• Address the Deep Penetration Problem

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eC Strike
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Missile Defense SEAD

 Technology Critical Path
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Expendable Re-Usable
Flight Regimes
Mach 0-7 Mach 0-12
Mach<4 Mach 4-15

Building Block Building Block

Technologies Technologies
Demonstrations
High Speed High-Speed High-Speed
Turbine Turbine Turbine
/Ramjet
Thermal Thermal
Rocket Protection Protection
Boost
Scramjet Hydrogen Fuel Turbine-based
“missile” Rocket Boost Combined
shape Hydrocarbon Cycle
Scramjet Hydrocarbon
Scramjet
Waverider or fueled Hydrogen-
Supersonic Lifting Body Turbine- Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics fueled
Cruise based Turbine-based
Missile Combine Combine Cycle
Cycle w/ w/Lifting Body
Mid Range Waverider
Weapon Long Range
-Strike Weapon
-Interceptor -Strike Long Range Responsive
-Interceptor
Capabilities Strike Space
Access
 Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

High Speed / Hypersonics

Taxonomy
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

Capabilities Supported
ƒ On-demand Spacelift

ƒ Assured Access Spacelift

Phase III
Phase II Expendable Systems
Expendable Systems
• Mach 6-8 Cruise
• Mach 12+ Interceptor ƒ Long Range Strike
• Range up to 2000 nmi Reusable Aircraft Systems
Phase I • 30% Payload Mass Fraction
Expendable Systems
• Mach 4-6+ Cruise
• Anywhere in < 2 hrs
• 6x Improved Survivability ƒ Global Precision
Reusable Aircraft Systems
• Range up to 1000 nmi • 5000 miles in < 2 hrs Reusable HTHL TSTO
• 15% Payload Mass
Fraction
• 3x Improved Survivability • 5% Payload Fraction Engagement
• One failure in 5,000 flights
Reusable HTHL TSTO • $1,000 per pound to LEO
BASELINE
B-2, B-777,SR-
Reusable Systems
• Mach 5-7 Flight
• 3% Payload Fraction
• One failure in 500 flights 10x Increased Average Velocity ƒ Air & Missile Defense
71, D-21, • $5,000 per pound to LEO 6x Increased Aircraft Survivability
SLAM-ER, 5x Increased Payload Capacity
JASSM,
ASALM, STS Near Term Mid Term Far Term

Note: Reusable airframe technologies addressed via Space Access pillar

Sensor to Shooter Needs
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ “Find” - Terrorist Hides in Many Dimensions

– They know our Title X ISR investment … & spectrum
– Enemy will move to where we cannot look!
– Need to ‘sense’ in those Dimensions… Niche ISR?
ƒ “Find/Fix” - Sensors need to collaborate
– Track mobile entities in the 24 hour immediate TGT’ing cycle
– Track dimension to dimension at a high sample rate
– Fusion to hold the track or immediately pick up
ƒ “Fix/Finish” - Sensor can Target the Shooter… or shoot!
– Metric Sensing… platform inaccuracies!
– Fuse for more robust Combat ID Capability
– Rapid targeting of available weaponry

High Value Target (HVT) Kill Chain!

Precision Engagement Needs…
… for the Near Future
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ QDR / SPG - mandating new capabilities

ƒ Combating WMD… in all phases
– Effective Agent Defeat
ƒ STRATCOM’s Global Strike / ISR / IO Mission
– Prompt Theater/Global Strike (conventional capability) – Speed!!
ƒ Robust HDBT Defeat Capability
– Target sets going deeper
– FCT: Programmable Intelligent Multi-Purpose Fuse (PIMPF)
ƒ Geospatial Intelligence (Better Accuracy! / TLEs too large!)
– Immediate targeting of battlefield sensors (UAVs Included) for rapid
employment of GPS Weaponry
ƒ Moving Targets – Advanced SAMs / Counter Maritime
Challenges for the Future…
ADVANCED SYSTEMS AND CONCEPTS

ƒ Theater TST (can’t get around the laws of physics!)

– To hit anything in a 600nm Theater in 10-15 mins… need a Mach
3.5 – 4 Weapon !
– Need In-Flight Re-targeting / Re-Directing
ƒ Persistent ISR & Rapid Geo-Registration to support ‘High- Speed’
Weapons
– End-to-End Rapid Planning Capability Worldwide
– Hydrogen Powered UAVs? Airships?
ƒ Alternatives for Speed Investment
– Seeker Investment (TLEs) / Stealth Investment (Loiter/Survive)
– But… Doesn’t get you to the Target quicker!!
OSD Advanced Systems & Concepts

Questions?

http://www.acq.osd.mil/asc
http://www.acq.osd.mil/asc
john.wilcox@osd.mil (703) 697-5558
Advanced Systems & Concepts
http://www.acq.osd.mil/jctd