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Hafta

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18 views9 pages

Hafta

Uploaded by

gizem.oguncer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FOSSIL FUELS

Hydro Nuclear
7% 4%
Oil
32%
Gas
24%

Coal
30%

At present most of the energy used is generated by non-renewable sources. Figure


shows world energy sources used annually as of the year 2014. The predominance of
fossil fuel -petroleum, natural gas, and coal- are obvious.
? Types of fossil fuels
? Characteristics of fossil fuels
? Composition of fossil fuels
? Theories of origin of fossil fuels
o Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, formed from the remains of dead plants and
animals.

o The three major fossil fuels are oil, coal, and natural gas, which is composed
mostly of methane.

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O


o The effects of pressure and temperature can change organic matter into
fossil fuels. This does not happen quickly. The transformation takes millions of
years.
o Millions of years ago, the remains of plants and animals decayed and built
up in thick layers. Over time, the sand and silt changed to rock, covered it,
and trapped it beneath the rock. Pressure and heat changed some of this
matter into coal and oil. Some of it was trapped as pockets of gases known as
natural gas.
o In both cases, heat and pressure are critical to the formation of the fossil
fuel.
o In the case of oil and natural gas, the organic material is marine in origin,
whereas coal is formed from ancient peat forests.
o In both cases, the dead organisms are buried over time and the extreme
heat and pressure converts these dead organisms into either coal, natural gas,
or oil.
o Without fossil fuels, the economies of industrialized countries would quickly
grind to a halt.
Oil provides gasoline for cars and diesel fuel for trucks as well as heating
fuel for many homes. Oil is also an important ingredient of plastic, meaning
that it is used in the manufacture of thousands of products.
Natural gas is used for home heating and industrial purposes.
Coal is used for cooking, heating, and making pottery as far back as the
1300s. By the 1800s coal was employed to heat buildings, provide energy
for factories, and fire the engines of locomotives.
o Today most buildings are no longer heated by coal, most trains run on
electricity, and most factories use other forms of energy as well. Still, coal
remains an important energy source. It is widely used to make electricity.
Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels
o Getting them out of the earth requires considerable engineering
prowess—coal must be mined, either in deep mines that burrow
thousands of feet into the earth, or in surface-mining operations
that strip the coal away from mountainsides. To extract oil and
natural gas from the earth, deep holes must be drilled into the
planet.
o Removing fossil fuels from the ground and burning them emit greenhouse
gases, most notably carbon dioxide, that contribute to climate change.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an
organization created by the United Nations Environment Programme and the
World Meteorological Organization, if fossil fuel use continues at its current
pace, the planet’s temperature could rise by as much as 6.4°C by the end of
the twenty-first century. The IPCC drew its conclusions after assessing the
research of more than 2000 scientific studies.
Advantages of Fossil Fuels Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels
Available in Plenty Contribute to Global Warming
Easier to Find Non-Renewable
Extremely Efficient Unsustainable
Easier to Transport Environmental Hazards
Generate Thousands of Jobs Effect on Human Health
Easy Set Up Accidents Happen
o Because fossil fuels take such a long time to form, the supply we have on
Earth today will one day run out. Our current way of life relies heavily on the
use of fossil fuels. We must be wise in our use of this energy source (conserve
energy) and develop other energy sources (alternative energy) to meet our
current and future energy needs.

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