Adani Electricity Tariff
Adani Electricity Tariff
231 of 2022 MERC MTR Order for AEML-D for FY 2023-24 and FY 2024-25
Before the
MAHARASHTRA ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION
World Trade Centre, Centre No.1, 13th Floor, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai 400 005
Tel. No. 022 22163964/65/69 – Fax 022 22163976
E-mail: mercindia@merc.gov.in
Website: www.merc.gov.in
Coram
ORDER
The Commission, in exercise of the powers vested in it under Sections 61,62 and 86 of the
Electricity Act (EA) 2003 and all other powers enabling it in this behalf and after taking
into consideration the submissions made by AEML-D and the suggestions and comments
received through the Public Consultation Process and after considering all other relevant
material, has approved the Truing -up of ARR for FY 2019-20 to FY 2021-22, provisional
truing up of 2022-23 and Revised ARR for FY 2023-24 and FY 2024-25.
Page 1 of 478
Case No.231 of 2022 MERC MTR Order for AEML-D for FY 2023-24 and FY 2024-25
General
Applicability:
This Below Poverty Line (BPL) Tariff category is applicable to Residential consumers who
have a Sanctioned Load upto 0.25 kW and who have consumed upto 360 units per annum
in the previous financial year. The eligibility of such consumers will be reassessed at the
end of each financial year. If more than 360 units have been consumed in the previous
financial year, the LT I (B) - Residential Tariff shall thereafter be applicable, and such
consumer cannot revert thereafter to the BPL category irrespective of his future
consumption level.
The categorisation of BPL consumers will be reassessed at the end of the financial year on
a pro rata basis if there has been consumption for only a part of the year The categorisation
of BPL consumers who have been added during the previous year would be assessed on a
pro rata basis, i.e., 30 units per month.
This BPL category will also be applicable to all new consumers subsequently added in any
month with a Sanctioned Load of upto 0.25 kW and consumption between 1 to 30 units (on
pro rata basis of 1 unit/day) in the first billing month.
The BPL Tariff is applicable only to individuals and not to institutions.
LT I (B): LT – Residential
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity used at Low/Medium Voltage for
operating various appliances used for purposes such as lighting, heating, cooling,
cooking, washing/cleaning, entertainment/leisure, water pumping in the following
premises:
a) Private residential premises, Government / semi-Government residential
quarters, Private Corporate bodies staff quarters / Hostels / Rest Houses;
b) Premises used exclusively for worship, such as temples, gurudwaras,
churches, mosques, etc.; provided that halls, gardens or any other part of
such premises that may be let out for a consideration or used for commercial
activities would be charged at the applicable LT-II Tariff, unless specified
in other category;
c) Government / Private / Co-operative Housing Societies /
Colonies/complexes (where electricity is used exclusively for domestic
purposes) only for common facilities such as Water Pumping / Street and
other common area Lighting / Lifts /Parking Lots/ Fire-fighting Pumps and
other equipment, etc.;
d) Sports Clubs or facilities / Health Clubs or facilities / Gymnasium /
Swimming Pool / Community Hall of Government / Private / Co-operative
Housing Colonies/complexes - provided that they are situated in the same
premises, and are for the exclusive use of the members and employees of
such Housing Colonies/complexes;
e) Telephone booths owned/operated by Persons with
Disabilities/Handicapped persons;
f) Residential premises used by professionals like Lawyers, Doctors,
Engineers, Chartered Accountants, etc., in furtherance of their professional
activities, but not including Nursing Homes and Surgical Wards or
Hospitals;
g) Single-phase household Flour Mills (Ghar-ghanti) used only for captive
purposes;
h) A residential LT consumer with consumption upto 500 units per month
(current month of supply) who undertakes construction or renovation
activity in his existing premises: such consumer shall not require a separate
temporary connection, and would be billed at this Residential Tariff rate;
i) Home-stay facilities at tourist destinations and religious places.
j) Consumers undertaking business or commercial / industrial / non-
residential activities from a part of their residence, whose monthly
consumption is upto 300 units a month and annual consumption in the
previous financial year was upto 3600 units. The applicability of this Tariff
to such consumers will be assessed at the end of each financial year. In case
consumption has exceeded 3600 units in the previous financial year, the
consumer will thereafter not be eligible for the Tariff under this category
but be charged at the Tariff otherwise applicable for such consumption,
with prior intimation to him.
k) Entities supplied electricity at a single point at Low/Medium Voltage for
residential purposes, in accordance with the Electricity (Removal of
Difficulties) Eighth Order, 2005, in the following cases:
i. a Co-operative Group Housing Society which owns the premises,
for making electricity available to the members of such Society
residing in the same premises for residential purposes; and
ii. a person, for making electricity available to its employees residing
in the same premises for residential purposes.
l) Crematoriums and Burial Grounds for all purposes, including area lighting,
Electric Kiln, Water Pumps, etc.
m) Temporary purposes for public religious functions / festivals like Ganesh
Utsav, Navaratri, Eid, Moharrum, Ram Lila, Diwali, Christmas, Guru
Nanak Jayanti, Gopalkala Utsav, Dashera, etc., and for areas where
community prayers are held; and for functions to commemorate
anniversaries of personalities and National or State events for which Public
Holidays have been declared, such as Gandhi Jayanti, Ambedkar Jayanti,
Chhatrapati Shivaji Jayanti, Republic Day, Independence Day,
Maharashtra Day, etc.
Provided that such temporary connection shall be subjected to 1.5 times of
fixed charges.
Note:
This Tariff category shall also be applicable to consumers who are supplied
power at High Voltage for any of the purposes above other than (i) & (j)
above.
Note:
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a) : The above Fixed Charges are for single-phase connections. A Fixed Charge of
Rs. 150 per month will be levied on Residential consumers availing 3-phase supply.
An Additional Fixed Charge of Rs.150 per 10 kW load or part thereof above 10 kW
load shall also be payable for FY 2023-24. This amount will increase to Rs. 160 per
month and per 10 KW, respectively, in FY 2024-25
b) Professionals like Lawyers, Doctors, Professional Engineers, Chartered
Accountants, etc., occupying premises exclusively for conducting their profession,
shall not be eligible for this Tariff, and will be charged at the Tariff applicable to
the respective categories.
Applicability:
A. 0-20kW
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity used at Low/Medium voltage in non-
residential, non-industrial and/or commercial premises for commercial consumption
meant for operating various appliances used for purposes such as lighting, heating,
cooling, cooking, washing/cleaning, entertainment/ leisure and water pumping in, but
not limited to, the following premises:
Note:
Residential LT consumers with consumption above 500 units per month
(current month of supply) and who undertake construction or renovation
activity in their existing premises shall not require a separate Temporary
category connection, and shall be billed at the LT-II Commercial Tariff rate;
q) Temporary supply for any of the activity not covered under Residential
category.
Provided that Temporary supply consumer shall pay 1.5 time applicable
fixed/demand charges and 1.25 time applicable energy charge.
Provided further that temporary supply for operating Fire-Fighting pumps
and equipment in residential or other premises shall be charged as per the
Tariff category applicable to such premises.
Applicability:
As per the applicability described in LT II (A) and for the Sanctioned Load in the range
applicable in this sub- category, i.e., LT II (B) and LT II (C).
Note:
The ToD Tariff is applicable to the LT-II (B) and (C) categories, and optionally available
to LT- II (A) category consumers having ToD meter installed.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity for Industrial use, at Low/Medium
Voltage, for purposes of manufacturing and processing, including electricity used within
such premises for general lighting, heating/cooling, etc.
It is also applicable for use of electricity / power supply for Administrative Offices /
Canteens, Recreation Hall / Sports Club or facilities / Health Club or facilities/
Gymnasium / Swimming Pool exclusively meant for employees of the industry; lifts,
water pumps, fire- fighting pumps and equipment, street and common area lighting;
Research and Development units, etc. –
Provided that all such facilities are situated within the same industrial premises and
supplied power from the same point of supply;
This Tariff category shall also be applicable for use of electricity / power supply by an
Information Technology (IT) or IT-enabled Services (ITeS) Unit as defined in the
applicable IT/ITeS Policy of Government of Maharashtra.
This Tariff Category shall be also applicable to integrated logistics parks under
Government of Maharashtra Policy, 2018.
It shall also be applicable for use of electricity / power supply for (but not limited
to) the following purposes:
a) Dhobi/Laundry activities
b) Flour Mill, Dal Mill, Rice Mill, Poha Mill, Masala Mill, Saw Mill, Cattle /
Poultry Feed Manufacturing plants;
Note:
a) The ToD Tariff is compulsorily applicable to LT III (B) (i.e., above 20 kW), and
optionally available to LT- III (A) (i.e., up to 20 kW) having ToD meter installed.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity supply at Low/Medium Voltage for
Educational Institutions, such as Schools and Colleges; Health Care facilities, such as
Hospitals, Dispensaries, Clinics, Primary Health Care Centres, Diagnostic Centres, Blood
Bank and Pathology Laboratories; Libraries and public reading rooms - of the State or
Central Government or Local Self-Government bodies such as Municipalities, Zilla
Parishads, Panchayat Samitis, Gram Panchayats, etc.;
It shall also be applicable for electricity used for Hostels / Sports Clubs and facilities /
Health Clubs and facilities / Gymnasium / Swimming Pools attached to such Educational
Institutions / Hospitals, provided that they are situated in the same premises and are meant
primarily for their students / faculty/ employees/ patients.
This Tariff is also applicable for electricity supply at Public Sanitary Conveniences;
Note:
a) The ToD Tariff is compulsorily applicable to the LT IV (A) category with Contract
Demand/Sanctioned Load above 20 kW; and optionally available to the LT IV (A)
category with Contract Demand/Sanctioned Load up to 20 kW having ToD meter
installed.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity supply at Low/Medium Voltage for:
a) Educational Institutions, such as Schools and Colleges; Health Care
facilities, such as Hospitals, Dispensaries, Clinics, Primary Health Care
Centres, Diagnostic Centres, Blood Banks, Laboratories; Libraries and
public reading rooms - other than those of the State or Central Government
or Local Self-Government bodies such as Municipalities, Zilla Parishads,
Panchayat Samitis, Gram Panchayats, etc.
b) Sports Clubs and facilities / Health Clubs and facilities / Gymnasium /
Swimming Pools attached to such Educational Institutions / Health Care
facilities, provided that they are situated in the same premises and are meant
primarily for their students/faculty/employees/ patients;
c) All offices of Government and Municipal/ Local Authorities/ Local Self-
Government bodies, such as Municipalities, Zilla Parishads, Panchayat
Samitis, Gram Panchayats; Police Stations and Police Chowkies; Post
Offices; Armed Forces/Defence and Para-Military establishments;
d) Service-oriented Spiritual Organisations;
e) Accommodation facilities provided by religious trusts registered under
Maharashtra Public Trust Act for devotees;
f) State or Municipal/Local Authority Transport establishments, including
their Workshops
g) Fire Service Stations; Jails, Prisons; Courts;
h) Airports;
i) Ports, Jetties and provision for Shore Power Supply;
j) Railway/Metro/Monorail Stations, including Shops, Workshops, Yards,
etc, if the supply is at Low/ Medium Voltage.
k) All Students Hostels affiliated to Educational Institutions not covered under
LT Public Service - Government;
l) All other Students’ or Working Men/Women’s Hostels;
m) Other types of Homes/Hostels, such as (i) Homes/Hostels for Destitutes,
Disabled Persons (physically or mentally handicapped persons, etc.) and
mentally ill persons (ii) Remand Homes (iii) Dharamshalas, (iv) Rescue
Homes, (v) Orphanages - subject to verification and confirmation by the
Distribution Licensee’s concerned Zonal Chief Engineer or equivalent;
n) Dam operation including Lighting and other activities, etc.
o) Pumping of water, purification of water and allied activities relating to
Public Water Supply Schemes, Sewage Treatment Plants and waste
processing unit.
Note:
a) The ToD Tariff is compulsorily applicable to the LT IV (B) category with Contract
Demand/Sanctioned Load above 20 kW; and optionally available to the LT IV (B)
category with Contract Demand/Sanctioned Load up to 20 kW having ToD meter
installed.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for Electric Vehicle Charging Station including battery
swapping station for electric vehicle.
In case the consumer uses the electricity supply for charging his own electric vehicle at his
premises, the tariff applicable shall be as per the category of such premises. The Consumer
has an option to seek a separate connection for EV charging under this category.
Electricity consumption for other facilities at Charging Station such as restaurant, rest
rooms, convenience stores, etc., shall be charged at tariff applicable to Commercial
Category.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for motive power supplied for agricultural metered
pumping loads, and for one lamp of wattage up to 40 to be connected to the motive power
circuit for use in pump-houses at Low/Medium Voltage.
This tariff is also applicable for floriculture, horticulture, nursery and plantation.
It is also applicable for power supply for cane crushers and/or fodder cutters for self-use for
agricultural processing operations, but not for operating a flour mill, oil mill or expeller in
the same premises, either operated by a separate motor or a change of belt drive.
Note:
a) Consumers who avail power supply at High Voltage for the above purposes shall
also be billed as per this Tariff category.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for use of electricity / power supply at Low / Medium
Voltage for:
a) Pre-cooling plants and cold storage units for Agricultural Products –
processed or otherwise;
b) Poultries exclusively undertaking layer and broiler activities, including
Hatcheries;
c) High-Technology Agriculture (i.e. Tissue Culture, Green House,
Note:
a) Consumers who avail power supply at High Voltage for the above purposes shall
also be billed as per this Tariff category.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity for Industrial use at Extra High Voltage
(220 kV/132 kV/110 kV) and High Voltage (33 kV/22kV/11 kV) for purposes of
manufacturing and processing, including electricity used within such premises for general
lighting, heating/cooling, etc.
It is also applicable for use of electricity / power supply for Administrative Offices /
Canteen, Recreation Hall / Sports Club or facilities / Health Club or facilities/ Gymnasium
/ Swimming Pool exclusively meant for employees of the industry; lifts, water pumps, fire-
fighting pumps and equipment, street and common area lighting; Research and
Development units, etc.
Provided that all such facilities are situated within the same industrial premises and supplied
power from the same point of supply.
This Tariff category shall be applicable for use of electricity / power supply by an
Information Technology (IT) or IT-enabled Services (ITeS) Unit as defined in the
applicable IT/ITes Policy of Government of Maharashtra.
This Tariff Category shall be also applicable to integrated logistics parks under Government
of Maharashtra Policy, 2018.
It shall also be applicable for use of electricity / power supply for (but not limited to) the
following purposes:
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity used at Extra High Voltage (220 kV/132
kV/110 kV) and High Voltage (33 kV/22 kV/11 kV) in non-residential, non-industrial
and/or commercial premises for commercial consumption meant for operating various
appliances used for purposes such as lighting, heating, cooling, cooking, entertainment/
leisure and water pumping in, but not limited to, the following premises:
a) Non-Residential, Commercial and Business premises, including Shopping
Malls and Showrooms;
b) Warehouses/Godowns
c) Combined lighting and power services for facilities relating to Entertainment,
including film studios, cinemas and theatres (including multiplexes),
Hospitality, Leisure, Meeting/Town Halls, and places of Recreation and Public
Entertainment;
d) Offices, including Commercial Establishments;
e) Marriage Halls, Resorts, Hotels / Restaurants / Canteens / Cafeterias, Ice-cream
parlours, Coffee Shops, Guest Houses, Internet / Cyber Cafes, Telephone
Booths and Fax / Photocopy shops;
f) Automobile and all other types of repairs, servicing and maintenance centres
(unless specifically covered under another Tariff category); Retail Gas Filling
Stations, Petrol Pumps & Service Stations, including Garages, Toll Collection
plazas;
g) Tailoring Shops, Computer Training Institutes, Typing Institutes, Private
Training centres, Photo Laboratories, Beauty Parlours and Saloons;
h) Banks and ATM centres, Telephone Exchanges, TV Stations, Micro Wave
Stations, Radio Stations;
i) Common facilities, like Water Pumping / Lifts / Fire-Fighting Pumps and other
equipment / Street and other common area Lighting, etc., in Commercial
Complexes;
j) Sports Clubs/facilities, Health Clubs/facilities, Gymnasiums, Swimming Pools
not covered under any other category;
k) External illumination of monuments/ historical/heritage buildings approved by
Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) or the concerned
Local Authority;
l) Construction of all types of structures/ infrastructures such as buildings,
bridges, flyovers, dams, Power Stations, roads, Aerodromes, tunnels for laying
Note:
a) A consumer in the HT II category requiring single-point supply for the purpose of
downstream consumption by separately identifiable entities shall have to operate as
a Franchisee authorised as such by the Distribution Licensee; or such downstream
entities shall be required to take separate individual connections and be charged
under the Tariff category applicable to them.
Applicability:
Entities supplied electricity at a single point at High Voltage (33 kV/11 kV) for
residential purposes in accordance with the Electricity (Removal of Difficulties) Eighth
Order, 2005, in the following cases:
a) a Co-operative Group Housing Society which owns the premises, for making
electricity available to the members of such Society residing in the same
premises for residential purposes;
b) a person, for making electricity available to its employees residing in the same
premises for residential purposes.
c) Serving Armed Forces/Paramilitary forces residential establishments. These
consumers shall be eligible for 20% discount on energy charges including FAC.
This 20% discount is also applicable to defence.
This Tariff category is applicable to power supply at Extra High Voltage (220 kV/132
kV/110 kV) and High Voltage (33 kV/22 kV/11 kV) for Railways, Metro and Monorail,
including Stations and Shops, Workshops, Yards, etc.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity supply at Extra High Voltage (220 kV/132
kV/110 kV) and High Voltage (33 kV/22 kV/11 kV) for Educational Institutions, such as
Schools and Colleges; Health Care facilities, such as Hospitals, Dispensaries, Clinics,
Primary Health Care Centres, Diagnostic Centres, Blood Banks and Pathology
Laboratories; Libraries and public reading rooms - of the State or Central Government,
Local Self-Government bodies such as Municipalities, Zilla Parishads, Panchayat Samitis,
Gram Panchayats, etc.;
It shall also be applicable for electricity used for Hostel, Sports Clubs and facilities / Health
Clubs and facilities / Gymnasium / Swimming Pools attached to such Educational
Institutions / Health Care facilities, provided that they are situated in the same premises and
are meant primarily for the students / faculty/ employees/ patients of such Educational
Institutions and Hospitals.
This Tariff is also applicable for electricity supply at Public Sanitary Conveniences.
This Tariff category is applicable for electricity supply at Extra High Voltage (220 kV/132
kV/110 kV) and High Voltage (33 kV/22 kV/11 kV) for:
a) Educational Institutions, such as Schools and Colleges; Health Care facilities, such
as Hospitals, Dispensaries, Clinics, Primary Health Care Centres, Diagnostic
Centres, Blood Banks, and Pathology Laboratories; Libraries and public reading
rooms - other than those of the State or Central Government, Local Self-
Government bodies such as Municipalities, Zilla Parishads, Panchayat Samitties,
Gram Panchayats, etc.
b) Sports Clubs and facilities / Health Clubs, Student / working Men / Women hostel
and facilities / Gymnasium / Swimming Pools attached to such Educational
Institutions / Health Care facilities, provided that they are situated in the same
premises and are meant primarily for their students / faculty/ employees/ patients;
c) All offices of Government and Municipal/ Local Authorities/ Local Self
Government bodies, such as Municipalities, Zilla Parishads, Panchayat Samitis,
Gram Panchayats; Police Stations and Police Chowkies; Post Offices; Armed
Forces / Defence and Para- Military establishments;
d) Service-oriented Spiritual Organisations;
e) Accommodation facilities provided by religious trusts registered under Maharashtra
Public Trust Act for devotees. State or Municipal/Local Authority Transport
establishments, including their Workshops;
f) Fire Service Stations; Jails, Prisons; Courts;
g) Airports;
h) Ports, Jetties and provision for Shore Power Supply.
i) Pumping of water, purification of water and allied activities relating to Public Water
Supply Schemes, Sewage Treatment Plants;
j) Waste processing units and Water ATM not covered under HT IV category;
k) Dam operation including Lighting and other activities, etc
l) lighting of public streets/ thorough fares which are open for use by the general
public
m) Provided that Street lights in residential complexes, commercial complexes,
industrial premises, etc. will be billed at the Tariff of the respective applicable
categories.
Applicability:
This Tariff category is applicable for Electric Vehicle Charging Station including battery
swapping station for Electric Vehicle.
In case the consumer uses the electricity supply for charging his own electric vehicle at his
premises, the tariff applicable shall be as per the category of such premises. The Consumer
has an option to seek a separate connection for EV charging under this category.
Electricity consumption for other facilities at Charging Station such as restaurant, rest
rooms, convenience stores, etc., shall be charged at tariff applicable to Commercial
Category
In case of any variation in the fuel prices and power purchase prices, the Distribution
Licensee shall pass on the adjustments through the FAC component of the Z-factor Charge
accordingly.
The details of the applicable ZFAC for each month shall be available on the Distribution
Licensee’s website www.adanielectricity.com
Total (kWh)
Average Power Factor =
Total (kVAh)
If “RkVAh lead” > “RkVAh lag” then “Average P.F.” is to be treated as “Lead P.F.”
If “RkVAh lead” = < “RkVAh lag” then “Average P.F.” is to be treated as “Lag
P.F.”
Whenever the average Power Factor is more than 0.95 (lag or lead) and upto 1, an incentive
shall be given at the rate of the following percentages of the amount of the monthly
electricity bill, excluding Taxes and Duties:
Note: Power Factor shall be measured/computed upto 3 decimals, after universal rounding
off.
Whenever the average PF is less than 0.9 (lag or lead), penal charges shall be levied at the
rate of the following percentages of the amount of the monthly electricity bill, excluding
Taxes and Duties:
Note: Power Factor shall be measured/computed upto 3 decimals, after universal rounding
off.
The rate of interest chargeable on the arrears of payment of billed dues shall be as given
below:
Sr. No. Delay in Payment (months) Interest Rate per
annum (%)
1 Payment made after 60 days and before 90 days from the date of 12%
billing
2 Payment made after 90 days from the date of billing 15%
This incentive is applicable only to consumers in the Tariff categories EHT I and HT I:
Industry, EHT II and HT II: Commercial and EHT V and HT V: Public Services - (A) and
(B) only.
The Load Factor incentive will be available only if the consumer has no arrears with the
Distribution Licensee, and payment is made within seven days from the date of the
electricity bill. However, it will be available to consumers in whose case payment of arrears
in instalments has been allowed by the Distribution Licensee, and such payment is being
made as scheduled. The Distribution Licensee shall take a commercial decision on the
schedule for such payments.
In case the consumer exceeds its Contract Demand (including during the non-peak hours,
i.e., 22:00 hrs to 06:00 hrs.) in any particular month, the Load Factor Incentive will not be
payable to the consumer in that month.
In case a consumer (availing Demand-based Tariff) exceeds his Contract Demand, he will
be billed at the applicable Demand Charge rate for the Demand actually recorded, and also
be charged an additional amount at the rate of 150% of the applicable Demand Charge (only
for the Demand in excess of the Contract Demand).
Under these circumstances, the consumer shall not be liable for any other action under
Section 126 of the EA, 2003, since the penal additional Demand Charge provides for the
penalty that the consumer is liable to pay for exceeding his Contract Demand. In case a
consumer exceeds his Contract Demand on more than three occasions in a calendar year,
the action to be taken would be governed by the provisions of the Supply Code Regulations.
Definitions
Maximum Demand:
Contract Demand:
Contract Demand means the demand in kilo-Watt (kW) or kilo–Volt Amperes (kVA),
mutually agreed between the Distribution Licensee and the consumer as entered into in the
agreement or agreed through other written communication. (For conversion of kW into
kVA, the Power Factor of 0.80 shall be applied.)
Sanctioned Load:
Sanctioned Load means the load in kW mutually agreed between the Distribution Licensee
and the consumer.
Note:
• Only the Demand registered during the period 0600 to 2200 Hrs. will be considered
for determination of the Billing Demand.
• In case of a change in Contract Demand, the above period will be reckoned from
the month following the month in which the change in Contract Demand is effected.
Note:
• Only the Demand registered during the period 0600 to 2200 Hrs. will be considered
for determination of the Billing Demand.
• In case of a change in Contract Demand, the above period will be reckoned from
the month following the month in which the change of Contract Demand is effected.