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Chemistry - Chang 10th Edition 1

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61 views1 page

Chemistry - Chang 10th Edition 1

Uploaded by

Ayman Murrar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

5 Percent Composition of Compounds 89

Figure 3.4 The mass spectrum


of the three isotopes of neon.
20
10 Ne(90.92%)

Intensity of peaks

21 22
10 Ne(0.26%) 10 Ne(8.82%)

19 20 21 22 23
Atomic mass (amu)

The percent composition by mass is the percent by mass of each element in a com-
pound. Percent composition is obtained by dividing the mass of each element in 1 mole
of the compound by the molar mass of the compound and multiplying by 100 percent.
Mathematically, the percent composition of an element in a compound is expressed as

n 3 molar mass of element


percent composition of an element 5 3 100% (3.1)
molar mass of compound

where n is the number of moles of the element in 1 mole of the compound. For exam-
ple, in 1 mole of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) there are 2 moles of H atoms and 2 moles
of O atoms. The molar masses of H2O2, H, and O are 34.02 g, 1.008 g, and 16.00 g,
respectively. Therefore, the percent composition of H2O2 is calculated as follows:

2 3 1.008 g H
%H 5 3 100% 5 5.926%
34.02 g H2O2
2 3 16.00 g O
%O 5 3 100% 5 94.06% H2O2
34.02 g H2O2

The sum of the percentages is 5.926% 1 94.06% 5 99.99%. The small discrepancy
from 100 percent is due to the way we rounded off the molar masses of the elements.
If we had used the empirical formula HO for the calculation, we would have obtained
the same percentages. This is so because both the molecular formula and empirical
formula tell us the percent composition by mass of the compound.

EXAMPLE 3.8
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a colorless, syrupy liquid used in detergents, fertilizers,
toothpastes, and in carbonated beverages for a “tangy” flavor. Calculate the percent
composition by mass of H, P, and O in this compound.
Strategy Recall the procedure for calculating a percentage. Assume that we have 1 mole
of H3PO4. The percent by mass of each element (H, P, and O) is given by the combined
molar mass of the atoms of the element in 1 mole of H3PO4 divided by the molar mass of
H3PO4, then multiplied by 100 percent. H3PO4
(Continued)

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