“Solar Hybrid Water Heater for Simultaneous Supply of

Hot water and Electricity”

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted By
Dhairya Shah Enrollment No. 121043119005

Darshan Nayak Enrollment No. 121043119010

Guided By
Prof. HITESH PANCHAL

(Assistant Professor)

In fullfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELORE OF ENGINEERING
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Gujarat Power Engineering & Research Institute (104)

Mewad-384315, Dist: Mehsana
Gujarat Technological University, Ahemdabad
December 2014
 Gujarat Power Engineering & Research Institute (104)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
(2011-2015)
.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work in this Project Report entitled Solar
Hybrid Water Heater for Simultaneous Supply of Hot water and
Electricity At Gujarat Power Engineering & Research Institute, Mewad (104)
of B.E. degree in Mechanical Engineering to be awarded by Gujarat
Technological University. It has been carried out under my supervision in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Mechanical Engineering during the session 2014-15 in the
Department of Mechanical Engineering, and this work has not been submitted
elsewhere for a degree. To the best of my knowledge the matter embodied in
this Project has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree.

Date:
Place:

Guide : Prof. Hitesh Panchal HOD : Dr. Vijay Matawala

Signature: ______________ Signature: ______________

 EXAMINER’S CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The project entitled “Solar Hybrid Water Heater for Simultaneous Supply
of Hot water and Electricity” is submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the degree of bachelor of engineering in mechanical
engineering of Gujarat Power Engineering & Research Institute, Mewad for the
award of the degree.

Dhairya Shah Enrollment No. 121043119005

Darshan Nayak Enrollment No. 121043119010

Date:

EXAMINER’S SIGN:

1. EXTERNAL EXAMINER:_______________________

2. INTERNAL EXAMINER: _______________________

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Words are often less to revels one’s deep regards. With an

understanding that work like this can never be the outcome of a single person, I take this
opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those who directly or
indirectly helped me through the duration of this work.

I take the opportunity to express my heartfelt adulation and gratitude to my supervisors,

Prof. NimeshParmarfor his unreserved guidance, constructive suggestions, thought
provoking discussions and unabashed inspiration in the nurturing work. The present work is
testimony to their activity, inspiration and ardent personal interest, taken by them during the
course of this work in its present form. I am grateful to Prof. M. J. Munglaprofessor and
head of the Mechanical Engineering Department and Prof. Nimesh M. GajjarPG
coordinator of M.E - Mechanical (Thermal Engineering) for providing the facilities for the
completion of the work.
No words acknowledge the support I received from my friends for their valorous help
and co-operation.
I take pride of myself being son of ideal parents for their everlasting desire, sacrifice,
affectionate blessings, and help, without which it would not have been possible for me to
complete my studies.
I would like to thank to all the members and employees of Mechanical Engineering
Department, Gandhinagar Institute of Technology MotiBhoyan for their everlasting support.
Above all, I express my indebtedness to the “ALMIGHTY” for all His blessing and kindness.

CHAUDHARI SUDHIRKUMAR V
(110120721013)
 TABLE CONTENTS

Title Page i
Certificate Page ii
Declaration of Originality Page iii
Thesis Approval iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of contents vi
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Abstract xii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to solar energy 1
1.2 Solar water heater 1
1.3 Solar collector 2
1.3.1 Flate plate collector 3
1.4 Solar radiations as energy source 4
1.5 Radiation 5
1.6 Solar Spectrum 6
1.7 Radiation Terminology 7
1.8 What is hybrid PV/T Collector 8
1.9 Why PV/T Collector is required 8
1.10 Why should a solar device produce both electricity and heat 9
1.11 Advantages of photovoltaic thermal 9
1.12 Applications of PV/T 10
1.13 Types of PV/T Hybrid collector 10
1.13.1 PV/T Air hybrid collector 10
1.13.2 Drawbacks of PV/T Air hybrid collector 11
1.13.3 PV/T Water hybrid collector 11
1.14 Solar cell working 12
Chapter 2 Literature Survey 14
2.1 Literature Review on flat plate collector 14
2.2 Literature Review on flat plate collector 17
2.3 Summary of literature survey 20
 2.4 Analysis of literature survey 25
Chapter 3 Analysis of Hybrid photovoltaic thermal solar collector water 26
Heater
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 schematic diagram 27
3.2.1 Water Storage tank 27
3.2.2 Collector box 27
3.2.3 Absorber Plate 28
3.2.4 Glass cover 29
3.2.5 Insulation 29
3.2.6 photovoltaic (PV) panel 30
3.2.7 Copper pipe 31
3.2.8 water pump 32
3.3 Experimental set up 32
3.4 Instrumentation and specifications 33
3.4.1 Anemometer 33
3.4.2 Thermo couple 34
3.4.3 Solarimeter 35
3.5 Determination of solar geometrics and efficiency of water heater 36
3.6 Determination of solar angles and geometrics 36
3.7 Experimental procedure 37
Chapter 4 Result and Discussion 39
4.1 Introduction 39
4.2 Measurement of test series 39
4.3 Single flat plate collector with Photovoltaic(PV) panel efficiency 43
4.4 Double flat plate collector with Photovoltaic(PV) panel efficiency 43
4.5 Compression between overall single and double flat collector with 46
Photovoltaic(PV) panel efficiency
Chapter 5 Conclusion 48
References 49
Future work
Appendix A Title 51
Appendix B Title 57
 LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Solar water heater 1

1.2 Working Principle of solar collector 2
1.3 Type of Solar Collector 2
1.4 Flat Plate Liquid Collector 3
1.5 Energy Distribution per Frequency Band 4
1.6 Solar Radiation Spectrum 6
1.7 Hybrid PV/T Air collector 11
1.8 Hybrid PV/T Water collector 11
1.9 Solar cell 12
1.10 Solar Cell Electric Circuit 13
2.1 Cut sectional side view of a PV integrated flat plate collector 17
2.2 Cut sectional front view of an embedded design of flat plate collector 18
2.3 Evacuated Tube Solar Collector 20
2.4 Parabolic Trough Solar Collector 21
2.5 Fresnel lens 22
2.6 Paraboloidal dish collector 22
2.7 Heliostat field collector 23
2.8 Compound parabolic collector 23
2.9 Heat Demand Distribution per Temperature Range 24
3.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental set-up 26
3.2 Water storage tank 27
3.3 Collector box 27
3.4 Copper absorber plate with black coating 28
3.5 Glass Cover 29
3.6 Photovoltaic Panel 31
3.7 Copper pipes 31
3.8 Water pump 32
3.9 Digital Anemometer 32
3.10 Thermocouple and Digital controller 33
3.11 Solarimeter 33
4.1 Relation between local time and insolation for PV panel 40
4.2 Relation between local time, insolation and temp overall efficiency for 41
PV panel
4.3 Relation between local time, insolation and thermal efficiency for PV 41
panel
4.4 Relation between local time, insolation and overall efficiency for PV 42
panel

4.5 Relation between local time and insolation for PV panel 43

4.6 Relation between local time, insolation and temp overall efficiency for 44
PV panel
4.7 Relation between local time, isolation and thermal efficiency for PV 44
panel
4.8 Relation between local time, isolation and overall efficiency for PV 45
panel
4.9 Relation between local time and overall efficiency with PV panel 46

LIST OF TABLE
1.1 Application and uses of solar energy systems 7
2.1 Performance comparison Between Parabolic Concentrator and Fresnel 22
Lens
2.2 Temperature requirement for different process heat applications 24
3.1 Anemometer Specification 34
4.1 Average value Single flat plate collector with PV 40
(PHOTOVOLATICE) panel efficiency
4.2 Average value Double flat plate collector with PV 43
(PHOTOVOLATICE) panel efficiency
4.3 Compression between overall single and double flat plate collector 46
with PV (PHOTOVOLATICE) panel efficiency

ABSTRACT