Title: Permutation & Combination

Chapter: Permutation & Combination

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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The most fundamental application of mathematics is counting. There are many natural methods used for counting
This chapter is dealing with various known techniques those are much faster than the usual counting
methods.
We mainly focus, our methods, on counting the number of arrangements (Permutations) and the number
of selections (combinations), even although we may use these techniques for counting in some other
situations also .
Let us start with a simple problem
A group G1 of 3 circles C1, C2, C3 having different centers are situated in such a way that C2 lie entirely
inside C1 ; C3 lie entirely inside C2. Another group G2 of 4 circles C1, C2, C3, C4 are also situated in a
similar fashion. The two groups of circles are in such a way that each member of G1 intersect with every
member of G2, as shown in the following figure

(i) How many centres the circles altogether has ?

(ii) How many common chords are obtained ?
The answer to the first part is "3 + 4 = 7" and answer to the second part is "3 × 4 = 12" . The method in
which we calculated first part of the problem is called as "addition rule" and the method we used to
calculate its second part is called as the "multiplication rule". These rules altogether are the most
important tools in counting, popularly known as "the fundamental counting principle".
Fundamental counting principle :
Suppose that an operation O1 can be done in m different ways and another operation O2 can be done in
n different ways.
(i) Addition rule : The number of ways in which we can do exactly one of the operations O1, O2
is m + n
(ii) Multiplication rule : The number of ways in which we can do both the operations O1, O2 is mn.

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Note : The addition rule is true only when O1 & O2 are mutually exclusive and multiplication rule is true only when
O1 & O2 are independent (The reader will understand the concepts of mutual exclusiveness and
independence, in the due course)

Example # 1 : There are 8 buses running from Kota to Jaipur and 10 buses running from Jaipur to Delhi. In
how many ways a person can travel from Kota to Delhi via Jaipur by bus?
Solution : Let E1 be the event of travelling from Kota to Jaipur & E2 be the event of travelling from Jaipur
to
Delhi by the person.
E1 can happen in 8 ways and E2 can happen in 10 ways.
Since both the events E1 and E2 are to be happened in order, simultaneously,
the number of ways = 8 × 10 = 80.
Example # 2 : How many numbers between 10 and 10,000 can be formed by using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if
(i) No digit is repeated in any number. (ii) Digits can be repeated.
Solution : (i) Number of two digit numbers = 5 × 4 = 20
Number of three digit numbers = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60
Number of four digit numbers = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 = 120
Total = 200
(ii) Number of two digit numbers = 5 × 5 = 25
Number of three digit numbers = 5 × 5 × 5 = 125
Number of four digit numbers = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 625
Total = 775

Self Practice Problems :

(1) How many 4 digit numbers are there, without repetition of digits, if each number is divisible
by 5 ?
(2) Using 6 different flags, how many different signals can be made by using atleast three flags,
arranging one above the other?
Ans. (1) 952 (2) 1920

Arrangements :
If nPr denotes the number of permutations (arrangements) of n different things, taking r at a time, then
nP = n (n  1) (n  2)..... (n  r + 1) =
n!
r
(n  r)!
NOTE : (i) Factorials of negative integers are not defined.
(ii) 0 ! = 1 ! = 1
(iii) nPn = n ! = n. (n  1) !
(iv) (2n) ! = 2n. n ! [1. 3. 5. 7... (2n  1)]

Example # 3 : How many three digit can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, without repetition of digits?
How many of these are even?
Solution : Three places are to be filled with 5 different objects.
 Number of ways = 5P3 = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60
For the 2nd part, unit digit can be filled in two ways & the remaining two digits can be filled
in 4P2 ways.
 Number of even numbers = 2 × 4P2 = 24.

Example # 4 : If all the letters of the word 'QUEST' are arranged in all possible ways and put in dictionary
order, then find the rank of the given word.
Solution : Number of words beginning with E = 4P4 = 24
Number of words beginning with QE = 3P3 = 6
Number of words beginning with QS = 6
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 Number of words beginning withQT = 6.
Next word is 'QUEST'
 its rank is 24 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 1 = 43.

Self Practice Problems :

(3) Find the sum of all four digit numbers (without repetition of digits) formed using the digits
1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
(4) Find 'n', if n – 1P3 : nP4 = 1 : 9.

(5) Six horses take part in a race. In how many ways can these horses come in the first, second
and third place, if a particular horse is among the three winners (Assume No Ties)?
(6) Find the sum of all three digit numbers those can be formed by using the digits. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

Ans. (3) 399960 (4) 9 (5) 60 (6) 27200

Result : Let there be 'n' types of objects, with each type containing atleast r objects. Then the number of ways of
arranging r objects in a row is nr.
Example # 5 : How many 3 digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. In how many of
these we have atleast one digit repeated?
Solution : We have to fill three places using 6 objects (repetition allowed), 0 cannot be at 100th place.

The number of numbers = 180.

Number of numbers in which no digit is repeated = 100

 Number of numbers in which atleast one digit is repeated = 180 – 100 = 80

Example # 6 : How many functions can be defined from a set A containing 5 elements to a set B having 3
elements? How many of these are surjective functions?
Solution : Image of each element of A can be taken in 3 ways.
 Number of functions from A to B = 35 = 243.
Number of into functions from A to B = 25 + 25 + 25 – 3 = 93.
 Number of onto functions = 150.

Self Practice Problems :

(7) How many functions can be defined from a set A containing 4 elements to a set B containing 5
elements? How many of these are injective functions?
(8) In how many ways 5 persons can enter into a auditorium having 4 entries?
Ans. (7) 625, 120 (8) 1024.

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 EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. There are nine students (5 boys & 4 girls) in the class. In how many ways
(i) One student (either girl or boy) can be selected to represent the class.
(ii) A team of two students (one girl & one boy) can be selected.
(iii) Two medals can be distributed. (no one get both)
(iv) One prize for Maths, two prizes for Physics and three prizes for Chemistry can be distributed.
(No student can get more than one prize in same subject & prizes are distinct)

2. There are 10 buses operating between places A and B. In how many ways a person can go from place
A to place B and return to place A, if he returns in a different bus?

3. There are 4 boys and 4 girls. In how many ways they can sit in a row
(i) there is no restriction.
(ii) not all girls sit together.
(iii) no two girls sit together.
(iv) all boys sit together and all girls sit together
(v) boys and girls sit alternatively.

4. Find the number of words those can be formed by using all letters of the word ‘DAUGHTER’. If
(i) Vowels occurs in first and last place.
(ii) Start with letter G and end with letters H.
(iii) Letters G, H, T always occurs together.
(iv) No two letters of G, H, T are consecutive
(v) No vowel occurs together
(vi) Vowels always occupy even place.
(vii) Order of vowels remains same.
(viii) Relative order of vowels and consonants remains same.
(ix) Number of words are possible by selecting 2 vowels and 3 consonants.

5. Words are formed by arranging the letters of the word "STRANGE" in all possible manner. Let m be the
number of words in which vowels do not come together and 'n' be the number of words in which vowels
come together. Then find the ratio of m: n.(where m and n are coprime natural number)

6. In a question paper there are two parts part A and part B each consisting of 5 questions. In how many
ways a student can answer 6 questions, by selecting atleast two from each part?

7. How many 3 digit even numbers can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (repetition allowed)?

8. Find the number of 6 digit numbers that ends with 21 (eg. 537621), without repetition of digits.

9. The digits from 0 to 9 are written on slips of paper and placed in a box. Four of the slips are drawn at
random and placed in the order. How many out comes are possible?

10. Find the number of natural numbers from 1 to 1000 having none of their digits repeated.

11. A number lock has 4 dials, each dial has the digits 0, 1, 2, ........,9. What is the maximum unsuccessful
attempts to open the lock?

12. In how many ways we can select a committee of 6 persons from 6 boys and 3 girls, if atleast two boys &
atleast two girls must be there in the committee?

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13. In how many ways 11 players can be selected from 15 players, if only 6 of these players can bowl and
the 11 players must include atleast 4 bowlers?

14. A committee of 6 is to be chosen from 10 persons with the condition that if a particular person 'A' is
chosen, then another particular person B must be chosen.

15. In how many ways we can select 5 cards from a deck of 52 cards, if each selection must include atleast
one king.

16. How many four digit natural numbers not exceeding the number 4321 can be formed using the digits 1,
2, 3, 4, if repetition is allowed?

17. How many different permutations are possible using all the letters of the word MISSISSIPPI, if no two 's
are together?

18. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4 .....n} and B  A ; C  A, then the find number of ways of selecting
(i) Sets B and C
(ii) Order pair of B and C such that B  C = 
(iii) Unordered pair of B and C such that B  C = 
(iv) Ordered pair of B and C such that B C = A and B C = 
(v) Unordered pair of B and C such that B C = A, B C = 
(vi) Ordered pair of B and C such that B C is singleton

19. For a set of six true or false statements, no student in a class has written all correct answers and no two
students in the class have written the same sequence of answers. What is the maximum number of
students in the class, for this to be possible.

20. How many arithmetic progressions with 10 terms are there, whose first term is in the set {1, 2, 3, 4} and
whose common difference is in the set {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} ?

21. Find the number of all five digit numbers which have atleast one digit repeated.

22. There are 3 white, 4 blue and 1 red flowers. All of them are taken out one by one and arranged in a row
in the order. How many different arrangements are possible (flowers of same colurs are similar)?

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. The number of signals that can be made with 3 flags each of different colour by hoisting 1 or 2 or 3 above
the other, is:
(A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 15 (D) 16

2. 8 chairs are numbered from 1 to 8. Two women & 3 men wish to occupy one chair each. First the women
choose the chairs from amongst the chairs marked 1 to 4, then the men select the chairs from among the
remaining. The number of possible arrangements is:
(A) 6C3. 4C4 (B) P2. 4P3 (C) 4C3. 4P3 (D) 4P2. 6P3

3. Number of words that can be made with the letters of the word "GENIUS" if each word neither begins
with G nor ends in S, is:
(A) 24 (B) 240 (C) 480 (D) 504

4. The number of words that can be formed by using the letters of the word ‘MATHEMATICS’ that start as
well as end with T, is
(A) 80720 (B) 90720 (C) 20860 (D) 37528

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5. 5 boys & 3 girls are sitting in a row of 8 seats. Number of ways in which they can be seated so that not
all the girls sit side by side, is:
(A) 36000 (B) 9080 (C) 3960 (D) 11600

6. Out of 16 players of a cricket team, 4 are bowlers and 2 are wicket keepers. A team of 11 players is to
be chosen so as to contain at least 3 bowlers and at least 1 wicketkeeper. The number of ways in which
the team be selected, is
(A) 2400 (B) 2472 (C) 2500 (D) 960

7 Passengers are to travel by a double decked bus which can accommodate 13 in the upper deck and 7 in
the lower deck. The number of ways that they can be divided if 5 refuse to sit in the upper deck and 8
refuse to sit in the lower deck, is
(A) 25 (B) 21 (C) 18 (D) 15

8. The number of permutations that can be formed by arranging all the letters of the word ‘NINETEEN’ in
which no two E’s occur together. is
8! 5! 5! 6 8! 6
(A) (B) (C) × C3 (D) × C 3.
3! 3! 3!  6 C2 3! 5!

9. 10 different letters of an alphabet are given. Words with 5 letters are formed from these given letters,
then the number of words which have atleast one letter repeated is:
(A) 69760 (B) 30240 (C) 99748 (D) none

10. In a conference 10 speakers are present. If S1 wants to speak before S2 & S2 wants to speak after
S3, then the number of ways all the 10 speakers can give their speeches with the above restriction if the
remaining seven speakers have no objection to speak at any number is :
10 !
(A) 10C3 (B) 10P8 (C) 10P3 (D)
3

11. If all the letters of the word "QUEUE" are arranged in all possible manner as they are in a dictionary, then
the rank of the word QUEUE is:
(A) 15th (B) 16th (C) 17th (D) 18th

12. The sum of all the numbers which can be formed by using the digits 1, 3, 5, 7 all at a time and which have
no digit repeated, is
(A) 16 × 4! (B) 1111 × 3! (C) 16 × 1111 × 3! (D) 16 × 1111 × 4!.

13. How many nine digit numbers can be formed using the digits 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 8, 8, 8 so that the odd digits
occupy even positions?
(A) 7560 (B) 180 (C) 16 (D) 60

14. There are 2 identical white balls, 3 identical red balls and 4 green balls of different shades. The number
of ways in which they can be arranged in a row so that atleast one ball is separated from the balls of the
same colour, is :
(A) 6 (7 ! – 4!) (B) 7 (6 ! – 4 !) (C) 8 ! – 5 ! (D) none

15. A box contains 2 white balls, 3 black balls & 4 red balls. In how many ways can three balls be drawn from
the box if atleast one black ball is to be included in draw (the balls of the same colour are different).
(A) 60 (B) 64 (C) 56 (D) none

16. Eight cards bearing number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are well shuffled. Then in how many cases the top 2
cards will form a pair of twin prime equals

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 (A) 720 (B) 1440 (C) 2880 (D) 2160

17. Number of natural number upto one lakh, which contains 1,2,3, exactly once and remaining digits any
time is -
(A) 2940 (B) 2850 (C) 2775 (D) 2680

18. The sum of all the four digit numbers which can be formed using the digits 6,7,8,9 (repetition is allowed)
(A) 2133120 (B) 2133140 (C) 2133150 (D) 2133122

19. If the different permutations of the word ‘EXAMINATION’ are listed as in a dictionary, then how many
words (with or without meaning) are there in this list before the first word starting with M.
(A) 2268000 (B) 870200 (C) 807400 (D) 839440

20. The number of ways in which a mixed double tennis game can be arranged from amongst 9 married
couple if no husband & wife plays in the same game is:
(A) 756 (B) 3024 (C) 1512 (D) 6048

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 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (i) 9 (ii) 20 (iii) 72 (iv) 326592
2. 90
3. (i) 40320 (ii) 37440 (iii) 2880 (iv) 1152 (v) 1152
4. (i) 4320 (ii) 720 (iii) 4320 (iv) 14400 (v) 14400
(vi) 2880 (vii) 6720 (viii) 720 (ix) 3600
5. 5: 2 6. 200 7. 50 8. 7. 7P3
9. 10
P4 10. 738 11. 9999 12. 65
13. 1170 14. 154 15. 886656 16. 229
17. 7350
3n – 1
18. (i) 4n (ii) 3n (iii) 1 (iv) 2n (v) 2n–1
2
(vi) nC1 . 3n–1
19. 63 20. 20 21. 62784 22. 280

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (A)
6. (B) 7 (B) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (D)
11. (C) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (B)
16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (A) 19. (A) 20. (C)

SOLUTION
EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (i) 9 (ii) 20 (iii) 72 (iv) 326592

2. 10 × 9 = 90

3. (i) Boys-4 Girls-4

Total number of ways = 8! = 40320
(ii) Number of ways in which all girls sit together
Girls
5!
4!
Required number of ways = 8! – 5!4! = 37440
(iii) 5
C4 . 4!
Required number of ways = 4! 5C4 . 4! = 2880
All Boys All Girls
(iv)

4! 4!
Ways = 4! 4! 2! = 1152
G B G B G B G B
(v) 4! 4! 2! = 1152
B G B G B G B G

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4. (i) Vowels Consenents
 
3 5
3
C2 . 2! 6! = 6 × 6! = 4320
(ii) G H
Start with G end with H
6! = 720
(iii) GHT
3! 6! = 6 × 6! = 4320
(iv) – – – – –  5! . 6C3 . 3!
6 gap
(v) Same as above
(vi) – – – – – – – – 4C3 . 3! . 5!
(vii) – – – – – – – – 8C3 . 1 . 5! = 8C3 . 5! = 6720
(viii) 3! . 5! = 720
(ix) 3
C2 . 5C3 . 5! = 3.10 . 5! = 120 × 30 = 3600

6
5! C2 . 2! 5
5. 
6! 2! 2

6. Total no. of selected question

Part A Part B Number of ways
2 4 5
C2 × 5C4 = 10 × 5 = 50
3 3 5
C3 × 5C3 = 10 × 10 = 100
4 2 5
C4 × 5C2 = 5 × 10 = 50
____________________________
Total no. of ways = 200

7. Total even numbers

2
(numbers whose unit digit is 2)
5 × 5 = 25
4
(numbers whose unit digit is 4)
5 × 5 = 25
on adding = 50

8. Total number of 6 digit number that ends with 21

i.e.
Hence total number of ways is
7 × 7 × 6 × 5 = 7 × 7P3

9.
10! 10
total ways = 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 = = P4
6!
10. Number of one digit numbers = 9
Number of 2 digits numbers = 9 × 9 = 81
Number of 3 digits numbers = 9 × 9 × 8 = 648
total numbers = 9 + 81 + 648 = 738

11. Total unsuccessful attempts to open the lock is

= (total attempt – successful attempt) = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 – 1 = 10000 – 1 = 9999

12. case-I If select 4 boys and 2 girls

 6C × 3C = 15 × 3 = 45
4 2

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 case-II If select 3 boys and 3 girls
 6C × 3C = 20 × 1 = 20
3 3
Hence total number of ways
= 45 + 20 = 65

13. Total No. of bowlers = 6

Now, (i) If 4 bowlers are including the no. of ways
selecting 11 players out of 15 players = 6C4 × 9C7 = 15 × 36 = 540
(ii) If 5 bowlers are selected = 6C5 × 9C6 = 6 × 84 = 504
(iii) If all 6 bowlers are selected = 6C6 × 9C5 = 1 × 126 = 126
Hence total no. of ways = 540 + 504 + 126 = 1170

14. If ‘A’ is not chosen, then number of selections = 9C6

If ‘A’ is chosen, then ‘B’ is also chosen, then number of selection = 8C4
 number of ways = 9C6 + 8C4 = 154

15. Total number of ways

= 4C1 × 48C4 + 4C2 × 48C3 + 4C3 × 48C2 + 4C4 × 48C1 = 4 × 194580 + 6 × 17276 + 4× 1128 + 1 × 48
= 778320 + 103776 + 4512 + 1 × 48 = 886656

16. Total no. of ways

= 64

= 64

= 64

= 16

= 16

= 4

=1
Adding = 229

17. Total no. of M are = 1

Total no. of  are = 4
Total no. of P are = 2
Total no. of S are = 4
First we arrange all the words other than 's are
7! 7 65
  105
2! 4! 1 2
Now, there are 8 places which can be fulfilled by I's i.e. the number of ways is 8C4
105  8  7  6  5
Total required no. = 105 × 8C4 = = 105 × 70 = 7350
1 2  3  4

18. (i) There are four choices for each element

(a) Present in Set B but not in Set C
(b) Present in Set C but not in Set B
(c) Present in both sets B & C
(d) Not present in any Set
so 4n

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 (ii) There are three choices for each element
(a) Present in Set B but not in Set C
(b) Present in Set C but not in Set B
(c) Not present in any Set
so 3n
(iii) Every pair is being repeated twice except  in last part
3n – 1
Hence 1
2
(iv) There are two choices for each element
(a) Present in Set B but not in Set C
(b) Present in Set C but not in Set B so 2n
(v) Every pair is being repeated twice in last part so 2n/2 = 2n–1
(vi) One element is in both sets and rest (n – 1) elements has 3 choices each.
B
  N
C
1

}
 
  3
N –1

 
Now required ways nC1 × 3n–1 = N3n–1

19. Each statement can be answered in two ways. Hence all the six statements can be answered in
2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 26 ways.
So, there are almost 64 sequences of answers are possible. Out of these one is totally correct which no
student has attempted. So, there are almost 64 – 1 = 63 students in the class.

20. First term can be chosen in 4 ways and the common difference again in 5 ways.
Hence possible number of arithmetic progressions
= 4 × 5 = 20

21. The number of all 5-digited number is = 9 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 90000 and the number of those five
digited numbers which have no digit repeated = 9 × 9P4 = 9 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 27216
 Required number = 90000 – 27216 = 62784

22. Total number of possible arrangements are

8!
= 280
3! 4!

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. Total number of signals can be made from 3 flags each of different colour by hoisting 1 or 2 or 3 above.
i.e. 3p + 3p + 3p = 3 + 6 + 6 = 15
1 2 3

2. Total number of possible arrangements is

4
p2 × 6p3 .

3. First we have to find all the arrangements of the word ‘GENIUS’ is

6 ! = 720
number of arrangement which in either started with G ends with S is
(5! + 5! – 4!) = (120 + 120 – 24)= 216
Hence total number of arrangement which is neither started with G nor ends with S is.
(720 – 216) = 504

4.
9!
Total arrangement is = 90720
2!.2!

5. Total no. of arrangement if all the girls do not sit

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 side by side is = [all arrangement – girls seat side by side]
= 8! – (6! × 3!) = 6! (56 –6) = 6! × 50 = 720 × 50 = 36000

6. Number of bowlers = 4
Number of wicketkeeper = 2
Let total number required selection
4C .2C .10C + 4C .2C .10C +4C . 2C .10C + 4C . 2C .10C
3 1 7 4 1 6 3 2 6 4 2 5
960 + 420 + 840 + 252 = 2472

7 upperdeck - 13 seats  8 in upper deck.

lowerdeck - 7 seats  5 in lower deck
Remains passengers = 7
Now Remains 5 seats in upper deck and 2 seats
in lower deck
for upper deck number of ways = 7C5
for lower deck number of ways = 2C2
7.6
So total number of ways = 7C5 × 2C2 = = 21
2

8. NINETEEN
 N3: , T
E3
First we arrange the word of N, N, N, I and T
5!
then the number of ways = .
3!
Now total 6 number of place which are arrange E is 6C3
5! 6
Hence total number of ways = . C3
3!

9. Number of words which have at least one letter repeated = total words – number of words
which have no letter repeated = 105 – 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 69760

10. First we select 3 speaker out of 10 speaker and put in any way and rest are no restriction i.e. total number
10 !
of ways = 10C3 . 7!.2 ! =
3

11. Word QUEUE

E  2, Q , U - 2
= 18
4!
2!
=3
3!
2!
=1
=1 17th rank

12. If 1 be unit digit then total no. of number is 3! = 6

Similarly so on if 3, 5, or 7 be unit digit number
then total no. of no. is 3! = 6
Hence sum of all unit digit no. is = 6× (1+3+5+7) = 6× 16 = 96
Hence total sum is = 96 × 103 + 96 × 102 + 96 × 101 + 96 × 100
= 96000 + 9600 + 960 + 96 = 106656 = 16 × 1111 × 3!

13. Even place

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 4!
There are four even places and four odd digit number so total number of filling is rest are also
2!.2!
5!
occupy is ways
3!.2!
4! 5!
Hence total number of ways =  = 60
2!.2! 3!.2!

14. Total number of ways of arranging 2 identical white balls.

9!
3 identical red balls and 4 green balls of different shades =  6.7!
2! 3!
Number of ways when balls of same colour are together = 3! × 4! = 6.4!
Number of ways of arranging the balls when atleast one ball is separated from the balls of the same
colour = 6.7! – 6.4! = 6(7! – 4!)

15. First we find 3 ball from 9 ball

9C = 84
3
Now number of ways if any one black ball not selected is 6C3 = 20
Here required no is 84 - 20 = 64

16. Out of 8 integers 1,.....8 the pairs of twin primes are

(3, 5), (5, 3), (5, 7), and (7, 5). We consider the following 3 cases.
Hence 4 × 6! = 2880.

17. First fill 3 places by 1,2,3 in 5P3 ways and then remaining one in 7 x 7 ways so total no. of ways
= 5P3 x 7 x 7 = 2940

18. (1 + 10 + 102 + 103) × 43 × (6 + 7 + 8 + 9)

19. Words starting with A

10! 10.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1
= = 907200.
2! 2! 2.2
Words starting with E
10! 907200
E: = = 453600.
2! 2! 2! 2
Words starting with I
10!
= 907200.
2! 2!
Hence Total word starting with M = 907200 + 453600 + 907200 = 2268000.

20. There are 9 married couple so first we select 2

man out of 9 and then we select 2 women out of
rest 7 then, we arranged them, so required no. is 9C2 × 7C2 × 2! = 36 × 21 × 2 = 1512

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