Semestrul 2

Lectia 1- Functii
# Task 1 - Creating and using a simple function
def printer():
print("Hello World")

printer()

# Task 2 - Is it a prime number

def isItPrime():
number = int(input("Enter a number:\n"))
prime = True
for i in range(2,number):
if number % i == 0:
prime = False
if prime:
print(number, "is a prime number.")
else:
print(number, "is not a prime number.")

isItPrime()

# Task 3 - Function parameter

def parameter(this_is_the_parameter):
print(this_is_the_parameter)

# Function argument
parameter("This is the argument")
parameter(3+4)

# Task 4 - Is it a prime number with parameter

def isItPrimeWithParameter(num):
prime = True
for i in range(2,num):
if num % i == 0:
prime = False
if prime:
 print(num, "is a prime number.")
else:
print(num, "is not a prime number.")

isItPrimeWithParameter(73)
isItPrimeWithParameter(12)

# Task 5 - Is that a right triangle?

def right_triangle(a,b,c):
if (a**2 + b**2 == c**2) or (b**2 + c**2 == a**2) or (c**2 + a**2 ==
b**2):
print("It is a right triangle.")
else:
print("It is not a right triangle.")

right_triangle(3, 4, 5)
right_triangle(4, 5, 6)

# Task 6 - Send argument with keyword

def func_numbers(q, r, p):

a = p + q**2 + r**3
print(a)

func_numbers(p=3, q=2, r=1)

# Task 6 - scope and lifetime of function variables

def func_num():
x = 10
print(x)

x = 20
print(x)
func_num()
print(x)

# Task 7 - Return

def func_return(p):
if p >= 0:
return p
else:
return -p
print(func_return(6))
print(func_return(-5))

# Task 8-9 - Car's fuel consumption

def liters_100km_to_miles_gallon(liters):
gallon = liters/3.785411
miles = 100/1.609344
return miles/gallon

print(liters_100km_to_miles_gallon(6.3))

def miles_gallon_to_liters_100km(miles):
km = miles*1.609344
liters = 3.785411
return 100*liters/km
print(miles_gallon_to_liters_100km(62))

# Task 10 - Return exits the function

def ExitFunction():
for i in range(1,10):
if i > 5:
return "Run is over"
print(i)

print(ExitFunction())

Lectia 2- Functii recursive

# Task 1 - Recursion
def recursion(num):
print(num)
if num > 0:
num -= 1
recursion(num)
recursion(10)

# Task 2 - Factorial recursively

def factorial_recursive(n):
if n == 1:
return 1
 else:
return n * factorial_recursive(n-1)
number = int(input("Give me a number:"))
f = factorial_recursive(number)
print(number, "factorial is:", f)

# Task 3 - Fibonacci
def fibonacci_recursive(n):
print(f"Calculating F({n})", end=", ")
if n == 0:
return 0
elif n == 1:
return 1
else:
return fibonacci_recursive(n-1) + fibonacci_recursive(n-2)
fibonacci_recursive(3)

# Task 4 - Harmonic sum

# Note: The harmonic sum is the sum of reciprocals of the positive integers.
def harmonic_sum(n):
if n < 2:
return 1
else:
return 1 / n + (harmonic_sum(n - 1))
print(harmonic_sum(7))
print(harmonic_sum(4))

# Task 5 - Write a Python program to calculate the value of 'a' to the power
'b', e.g.: (power(3,4) -> 3*3*3*3 = 81
def power(a, b):
if b == 0:
return 1
elif a == 0:
return 0
elif b == 1:
return a
else:
return a * power(a, b - 1)
p = power(3, 4)
print(p)

# Task 6 - Write a Python program to calculate the sum of a list of numbers

def list_sum(num_List):
if len(num_List) == 1:
return num_List[0]
else:
 return num_List[0] + list_sum(num_List[1:])
numbers = [44, 54, 35, 43, 67, 33, 70, 47, 52]
print(list_sum(numbers))

# Task 7 - Caesar Cipher

sentence = []
def encryptWord(statement, shift):
size = len(statement)
encrypt(statement, size, shift)
def encrypt(statement, length, shifts, count = 0):
if count == length:
temp = ""
new_word = temp.join(sentence)
print(new_word)
else:
asci = (ord(statement[0]) + shifts) % 122
if asci == 0:
sentence.append(chr(122))
elif asci < 97:
sentence.append(chr(asci+96))
else:
sentence.append(chr(asci))
encrypt(statement[1:], length, shifts, count+1)

message = input("Enter a statement to encrypt: ") # goodmorning

n = int(input("Enter a number to shift characters : ")) # 5
encryptWord(message, n) # -> lttirtwsnsl

# Task 8 - Insertion sorting recursively

def insertion_sort(arr, n):
if n <= 1:
return

insertion_sort(arr, n - 1)

last = arr[n - 1]
j = n - 2
while(j >= 0 and arr[j] > last):
arr[j + 1] = arr[j]
j = j - 1

arr[j + 1] = last

arr = [72, 13, 25, 85, 56]

n = len(arr)
insertion_sort(arr, n)
for i in arr:
print(i, end=', ')
print("")

# Task 9 - Pascal Triangle

def pascalTriangle(rows):
if rows == 0:
return []
elif rows == 1:
return [1]
else:
next_row = [1]
prev_row = pascalTriangle(rows - 1)
for i in range(0, len(prev_row) - 1):
next_row.append(prev_row[i] + prev_row[i + 1])
next_row += [1]
return next_row

for i in range(1, 6):

print(pascalTriangle(i))

Lectia 3- Import
# Task 1 - math module and constants
import math
import random
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

print(math.pi)
print(math.tau)
print(math.e)
print(math.inf)
print(math.nan)

# Task 2 - Circle with math.pi

def circle(radius):
print("The circumference of this circle is", round(radius*math.tau, 3),
"cm.")
print("The area of this circle is", round(radius ** 2 * math.pi, 4),
"cm2.")

circle(3)
print(math.factorial(5))
print(math.sqrt(4))

# Task 3 - random numbers

numbers = []
for i in range(0, 100):
numbers.append(random.randrange(0, 10, 2))
print(numbers)
print(math.fabs(-5))

# Task 4 - I thought of a number...

chances = 7
solution = random.randint(1,101)
tip = 0
def check(num):
if num > solution:
return "I thought of a smaller number."
elif num < solution:
return "I thought of a greater number."
else:
return "The game will end now..."

while tip != solution and chances > 0:

tip = int(input("Guess a number:\n"))
print(check(tip))
chances -= 1
if tip == solution:
print("Congratulations, the number was", tip, "indeed.")
else:
print("Maybe next time, the number was" + str(tip) + ".")

# Task 5 - Using a package and creating a pie chart

def piechart(size, lab):

plt.pie(size, labels=lab, autopct='%.2f%%')
plt.show()

n = int(input("How many games do you like?\n"))

games = [] # games names
likes = [] # data in values
data = [] # data in %
db = s = 0
for i in range(n):
game_name = input("Give me the game name:\n")
like = int(input("How much do you like that game, in 1-10 scale?\n"))
db += like
games.append(game_name)
likes.append(like)
for i in range(n):
s = likes[i] / db * 100
s = round(s, 1)
data.append(s)

piechart(data, games)

# Task 6 - Body fat percentage calculator

def bmi(weight, height):
m = height / 100
h = m * m
bmi = round(weight / h, 2)
return bmi

w = int(input("What is your weight?"))

h = int(input("What is your height?"))
eva = bmi(w, h)
print(f"Your body mass index is: {eva}")

# Task 7 - Random numbers chart

numbers = []
for i in range(0, 200):
numbers.append(random.randrange(0, 10, 2))
names = ['Zero', 'Two', 'Four', 'Six', 'Eight']
quantity = []
for i in range(0,5):
quantity.append(numbers.count(i*2))
plt.pie(quantity, labels=names, autopct='%.0f%%')
plt.show()

# Task 8 - Roll a dice

dices = int(input("How many dices do you need?\n"))
max_value = int(input("What is the maximum value on the dices?\n"))
while True:
input("Press Enter to roll the dice(s)...")
dice_values = []
for i in range(0, dices):
dice_values.append(random.randint(1,max_value))
 for i in range(0, dices):
print("The value of dice", i+1, "is", dice_values[i])

Lectia 4- Yield
def nextSquare():
k = 1
# An Infinite loop to generate squares
while True:
yield k * k # return the data, but not stop the process
k += 1 # Next execution resumes from this point

for num in nextSquare():

if num > 100:
break
print(num)
print("")

# Task 2 - yield command and random list

def print_even(test):
for i in test:
if i % 2 == 0:
yield i

Lectia 5- Matrice
import random
# Task 1 - Creating a matrix
def createMatrix():
matrix_1 = [[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8],
[9, 10, 11, 12],
[13, 14, 15, 16]]
print(matrix_1)
createMatrix()

# Task 2 - Creating a matrix by generating numbers

def createMatrix2():
matrix_2 = []
for i in range(4):
temp_list = []
 for j in range(3):
temp_list.append(j)
matrix_2.append(temp_list)
print(matrix_2)

def createMatrix3():
matrix_2 = []
for i in range(3):
temp_list = []
for j in range(4):
temp_list.append(j)
matrix_2.append(temp_list)
print(matrix_2)

createMatrix2()
createMatrix3()

# Task 3 - Change a matrix element to something else

# - string to number
# - number to string
# - number to boolean
def modifyMatrix():
matrix = [
[1, True, 3, 'd', 5],
[45.4, 2, 9, 'b', 6],
[99, 22, 'a', 4, 'g'],
[5, 12, 3, 'k', 'e'],
[0, 21, 35, False, 56],
]
print("Before:")
for i in range(len(matrix)):
print(matrix[i])
row = -1
while row < 0 or row > 4:
row = int(input("Give me a number to change the matrix ROW value:"))
col = -1
while col < 0 or col > 4:
col = int(input("Give me a number to change the matrix COLUMN
value:"))
change_to = input("Change the item to:\n")
change_type = input("Which type(str, int, bool)?\n")
if change_type == "str":
change_to = str(change_to)
elif change_type == "int":
change_to = int(change_to)
elif change_type == "bool":
 change_to = bool(change_to)
else:
print("Wrong type selected")
return
matrix[row][col] = change_to
print("After:")
for i in range(len(matrix)):
print(matrix[i])
modifyMatrix()

# Task 4 - Get values from a matrix

data = ["shirt number", "name", "age", "height", "weight"]
team = [[1, "Nora", 24, 176, 62],
[4, "Noemie", 25, 180, 67],
[13, "Emily", 22, 178, 60],
[42, "Lisa", 23, 179, 63],
[99, "Greta", 27, 176, 81]]

print(team[2]) # third row

print(team[-1]) # last row
print(team[2][1]) # third row, second column
print(team[2][-1]) # third row, last column
column = []
for i in team:
column.append(i[1]) # second column
print(column)
for i in range(len(team)):
for j in range(len(team[0])):
print(team[i][j]) # each item from the matrix by index
for row in team:
for item in row:
print(item) # each item from the matrix by item

# Task 5 - Sorting a matrix elements

def sortingMatrix():
matrix = []
for i in range(5):
temp = []
for i in range(5):
temp.append(random.randint(0,10))
matrix.append(temp)
print(matrix)

matrix.sort() # How will it settle?

print(matrix)
 for item in matrix: # How will it settle?
item.sort()
print(matrix)
sortingMatrix()

Lectia 7- Sudoku
# Task 1 - Sudoku solver
board = [
[7, 8, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0],
[6, 0, 0, 0, 7, 5, 0, 0, 9],
[0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 1, 0, 7, 8],
[0, 0, 7, 0, 4, 0, 2, 6, 0],
[0, 0, 1, 0, 5, 0, 9, 3, 0],
[9, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 5],
[0, 7, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2],
[1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 7, 4, 0, 0],
[0, 4, 9, 2, 0, 6, 0, 0, 7]
]

def solve(bo):
find = find_empty(bo)
if not find:
return True
else:
row, col = find

for i in range(1, 10):

if valid(bo, i, (row, col)):
bo[row][col] = i
if solve(bo):
return True
bo[row][col] = 0
return False

def valid(bo, num, pos):

# Check row
for i in range(len(bo[0])):
if bo[pos[0]][i] == num and pos[1] != i:
return False
# Check column
for i in range(len(bo)):
 if bo[i][pos[1]] == num and pos[0] != i:
return False
# Check box
box_x = pos[1] // 3
box_y = pos[0] // 3
for i in range(box_y * 3, box_y * 3 + 3):
for j in range(box_x * 3, box_x * 3 + 3):
if bo[i][j] == num and (i, j) != pos:
return False
return True

def print_board(bo):
for i in range(len(bo)):
if i % 3 == 0 and i != 0:
print("- - - - - - - - - - - - - ")
for j in range(len(bo[0])):
if j % 3 == 0 and j != 0:
print(" | ", end="")
if j == 8:
print(bo[i][j])
else:
print(str(bo[i][j]) + " ", end="")

def find_empty(bo):
for i in range(len(bo)):
for j in range(len(bo[0])):
if bo[i][j] == 0:
return (i, j)
return None

print_board(board)
solve(board)
print("############################")
print_board(board)

Lectia 8- Conversie binara+shiftare de biti

# Task 1 - Basic operators

def basicOp():
print(2 ** 2 ** 3)
print((-2 / 4), (2 / 4), (2 // 4), (-2 // 4))
print(5 % 4, -5 % 4, 5 % -4, -5 % -4)
print((5 * ((25 % 13) + 100) / (2 * 13)) // 2)
print(5 * 25 % 13 + 100 / 2 * 13 // 2)
print(2 * 3 % 5)
x = 0
y = 10
print(x < y and y % 2 == 0)

# basicOp()

# Task 2 - Bitwise operators

def bitwiseOp():
print(bin(14)) # 1110
print(bin(6)) # 110
print(14 & 6) # bits that are in 14 and 6 too
print(bin(14 & 6))
print(14 | 6) # bits that are in 14 or 6 or both
print(bin(14 | 6))
print(14 ^ 6) # bits that are in 14 or 6 but not both
print(bin(14 ^ 6))
print(~14) # -(1110+1) = -1111 = -15

print(14 >> 2) # shift 14 right by 2: 1110 -> 11 = 3

print(bin(14 >> 2))
print(14 << 2) # shift 14 left by 2: 1110 -> 111000 = 56
print(bin(14 << 2))

# bitwiseOp()

# Task 3 - Comparing bitwise and arithmetic operators

def comparsion():
if 6 % 2 == 0:
print("Yes")
if 6 & 1 == 0: # 110 & 001 -> no bits are matching, so it equals to 0
print("Still yes")

# comparsion()

# Task 4 - Arithmetic operators with bitwise

def arithmeticToBitwise(n):
# Multiply with 2
n <<= 1
print(n)
# Multiply again with 8 (n will be 4, so 4 * 8 will be 32)
 n <<= 3
print(n)
# Divide by 4
n >>= 2
print(n)

# Check if an integer is even or odd

if n & 1 == 0: # n % 2 == 0
print("even")
else:
print("odd")
# arithmeticToBitwise(2)

# Task 5 - Check that the input number is power of 2 using bitwise

def powerOfTwo(num):
a = num
if a > 0 and (a & (a - 1)) == 0:
print("%d is a power of 2" % a)
else:
print("%d is NOT a power of 2" % a)

# powerOfTwo(32)

# Task 6 - Number systems

def numberSystemSwap():
num = int(input("Give me a number to convert it\n")) # 28
con = int(input("Covert to?(binary(2), octal(8), hexadecimal(16))\n")) #
2, 8, 16
converted_num = 0
if con == 2:
converted_num = bin(num).replace("0b", "")
elif con == 8:
converted_num = oct(num).replace("0o", "")
elif con == 16:
converted_num = hex(num).replace("0x", "")
else:
print("Wrong data")

print(converted_num)

# numberSystemSwap()

# Task 7 -> Using the 'sep' parameters to print out roles

def sepEnd():
specialization = ['Druid', 'Barbarian', 'Wizard', 'Pirate', 'Engineer']
 for role in specialization:
print(role, end='; ')
print('')
print('Hello', 'Logiscool', 'Programming', end=':')
print('')
print('Hello', 'Logiscool', 'Coding', sep=',', end=';')

# sepEnd()

# Task 8 - Sum of different number systems

def sum():
print(123 + 0b1011101 + 0o723 + 0x51da)

# sum()

# Task 9 - Practicing bitwise operators

a = 13 # 1101
b = 6 # 110
c = 0
c = a & b # 100
print(f"The result is {c}")

c = a | b # 1111
print(f"The result is {c}")

c = a ^ b # 1011
print(f"The result is {c}")

c = ~a # -1110 <- negative of 1101+1

print(f"The result is {c}")
c = ~b # -111 <- negative of 110+1
print(f"The result is {c}")

# Task 10 - Shifting values

c = a<<2 # 110100
print(f"The result is {c}")
c = b>>2 # 1
print(f"The result is {c}")
c = a<<2 | b>>2 # 110100 + 1
print(f"The result is {c}")
Lectia 9- Tuple
# Task 1 - Creating tuples

empty_tuple = ()
tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4)
tuple2 = (1, "sth", True, [1, 2, 3], tuple1)
print(empty_tuple, tuple1, tuple2)
tuple3 = (1)
print(type(tuple3))
tuple4 = (4,)
print(type(tuple4))
tuple5 = 1, 10, 20
print(tuple5)
tuple6 = tuple((1, 2, 3))
print(tuple6)

# Task 2 - List-tuples converter

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
print(type(list1))
tuple1 = tuple(list1)
print(type(tuple1))
list2 = list(tuple1)
print(type(list2))

# Task 3/a - Cannot change tuples

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
tuple1 = (1, 2, 3)
list1.append(4)
del list1[3]
list1.insert(1, 10)
list1[2] = 20
print(list1)

# Comment this section to remove errors

tuple1.append(4)
del tuple1[3]
tuple1.insert(1,10)
tuple1[2] = 20

del tuple1

# Task 3/b - Slicing and indexing

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(list1[1], tuple1[1])
print(list1[:2], tuple1[:2])
print(list1[-3:-1], tuple1[-3:-1])
print(list1[3:], tuple1[3:])
print(len(list1), len(tuple1))

# Task 4 - Even and odd

import random
list1 = [random.randint(1, 100) for i in range(10)]
tuple1 = tuple(random.randint(1, 100) for j in range(10))
even_list = []
odd_list = []
even_tuple = []
odd_tuple = []
for i in range(len(list1)):
if list1[i] % 2 == 0:
even_list.append(list1[i])
else:
odd_list.append(list1[i])
if tuple1[i] % 2 == 0:
even_tuple.append(tuple1[i])
else:
odd_tuple.append(tuple1[i])
print(list1, even_list, odd_list)
print(tuple1, even_tuple, odd_tuple)

# Task 5 - Comparison

tuple1 = (1, 2, 3)
tuple2 = (1, 4, 5)
print(tuple1 == tuple2)

tuple3 = (3, 2, 1)
tuple4 = (1, 2, 3)
print(tuple3 == tuple4)

tuple5 = (6, 6, 5)
tuple6 = (6, 6, 5)
print(tuple5 == tuple6)

# Task 6 - Addition and multiplication

import random
tuple1 = tuple(random.randint(1, 10) for i in range(5))
tuple2 = tuple(random.randint(1, 10) for i in range(5))
print(tuple1, tuple2)
print(tuple1+tuple2)
print(3*tuple1)

# Task 7 - Element multiplication

import random
tuple1 = tuple(random.randint(1, 10) for i in range(5))
print(tuple1)
for i in tuple1:
print(i*3, end=" ")

# Task 8 - Append the square of every element

import random
list1 = [random.randint(1, 10) for i in range(5)]
print(list1)
for i in range(len(list1)):
list1.append(list1[i]**2)
print(list1)

# Task 9 - Add two one-length tuple

tup1 = (1,)
tup2 = (1,)
tup3 = tup1+tup2
print(tup3)

# Task 10 - Contain

tup1 = ("asd", 10, None)

list1 = [13, "tuple", tup1]
if 10 in tup1:
print("It is in tup1")
if None in tup1:
print("None is here")
if None not in list1:
print("None is not here")

# Task 11 - Contain competition

import random
tup1 = (3, 6, 1, 5, 9)
list1 = [2, 6, 4, 8, 1]
inTuple = 0
inList = 0
numbers = [] # collect the numbers
for i in range(10):
number = random.randint(1, 20)
numbers.append(number)
if number in list1:
inList += 1
if number in tup1:
inTuple += 1
print("numbers: ", numbers, "in list: ", inList, " in tuple: ", inTuple)

# Task 12 - Change tuple values

tup1 = (1, 2, 3)
tup2 = (3, 4, 5)
tup3 = 1, 4, 5
print(tup1, tup2, tup3)
tup1, tup2, tup3 = tup3, tup2, tup1
print(tup1, tup2, tup3)

tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4)
print(tup2)
tup2 = tup2[::-1]
print(tup2)

# Task 13 - Change tuple elements

tup1 = (1, 2, 3, 4)
print(tup1)
list_tup = list(tup1)
list_tup[2] = "Logiscool"
tup1 = tuple(list_tup)
print(tup1)
tup1 = tup1[:1]+(33,)+tup1[1:]
print(tup1)
list_tup = list(tup1)
del list_tup[4]
tup1 = tuple(list_tup)
print(tup1)

tup2 = (1, [3, 4])

tup2[1][0] = 111
print(tup2)

# Task 14 - Count and index

tup1 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3)
print(tup1.count(2))
print(tup1.index(2))

# Task 15 - Save elements to variables

tup1 = 2, 4, 5
a, b, c = tup1
print(a*b*c)

# Task 16 - Not tuple

list1 = [(1, 2), "asd", 113, (1, 3, 4, 5), None, True]
not_tuple = 0
for i in list1:
if type(i) != tuple:
not_tuple += 1
print(not_tuple)

# Task 17 - Averages
tup1 = ((1, 2, 3), (3, 4), (10, 20, 60), (3, 4, 5))
averages = []
for i in tup1:
average = sum(i)/len(i)
averages.append(average)
print(averages)