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Boiling and Condensation

The document discusses different types of boiling and condensation heat transfer processes. It defines boiling and evaporation, classifies boiling based on bulk fluid motion, and describes different boiling regimes and the boiling curve. It also provides heat transfer correlations for pool boiling and film condensation on surfaces like vertical plates.

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www.waliullah11102
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39 views22 pages

Boiling and Condensation

The document discusses different types of boiling and condensation heat transfer processes. It defines boiling and evaporation, classifies boiling based on bulk fluid motion, and describes different boiling regimes and the boiling curve. It also provides heat transfer correlations for pool boiling and film condensation on surfaces like vertical plates.

Uploaded by

www.waliullah11102
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Boiling and Condensation

BOILING HEAT TRANSFER

A liquid-to-vapor phase change process is called evaporation if it occurs at a liquid–vapor interface and boiling if
it occurs at a solid–liquid interface.
BOILING HEAT TRANSFER
• As a form of convection heat transfer, the boiling heat flux from a
solid surface to the fluid is expressed from Newton’s law of cooling as
BOILING HEAT TRANSFER
• Classification of boiling on the basis of the presence of bulk fluid motion
BOILING HEAT TRANSFER
• Pool and flow boiling are further classified as subcooled boiling or
saturated boiling, depending on the bulk liquid temperature.

Classification of boiling on the


basis of the presence of bulk
liquid temperature.
Boiling Regimes and the Boiling Curve

Different boiling regimes in pool boiling


Boiling Regimes and the Boiling Curve

Typical boiling curve for water at 1 atm pressure


Heat Transfer Correlations in Pool Boiling
Nucleate boiling regime:

Peak Heat Flux:

Minimum Heat Flux:


Heat Transfer Correlations in Pool Boiling
Film Boiling:
Nucleate Boiling of Water in a Pan
Water is to be boiled at atmospheric pressure in a mechanically polished stainless steel pan placed on top
of a heating unit. The inner surface of the bottom of the pan is maintained at 108°C. If the diameter of the
bottom of the pan is 30 cm, determine (a) the rate of heat transfer to the water and (b) the rate of
evaporation of water.
Peak Heat Flux in Nucleate Boiling
Water in a tank is to be boiled at sea level by a 1-cm-diameter nickel plated steel heating element
equipped with electrical resistance wires inside. Determine the maximum heat flux that can be
attained in the nucleate boiling regime and the surface temperature of the heater surface in that case.
Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Pool Boiling

The cavities on a rough surface act as nucleation sites The enhancement of boiling heat transfer by a
and enhance boiling heat transfer mechanically roughened surface
CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER
FILM CONDENSATION

Film condensation on a vertical plate.


FILM CONDENSATION
FILM CONDENSATION
Modified latent heat of vaporization h fg *

For vapor that enters the condenser asnsuperheated vapor at a temperature T instead of as saturated
vapor:
FILM CONDENSATION: Flow Regimes

Flow regimes during film condensation on a vertical plate.


Heat Transfer Correlations for Film Condensation

Vertical Plates

Wavy Laminar Flow on Vertical Plates

Turbulent Flow on Vertical Plates


Heat Transfer Correlations for Film Condensation
Film condensation on an inclined plate

Inclined Plates

*See for tube and tube banks


• Saturated steam at atmospheric pressure condenses on a 2-m-high and 3-m wide vertical plate that is
maintained at 80°C by circulating cooling water through the other side. Determine (a) the rate of heat
transfer by condensation to the plate and (b) the rate at which the condensate drips off the plate at the
bottom.
• What would your answer be to the preceding example problem if the plate were tilted 30° from the
vertical?

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