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02 Geopolitics An Overview

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11 views29 pages

02 Geopolitics An Overview

Uploaded by

bartosz.hoffmann
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© © All Rights Reserved
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02 Geopolitics:

An Overview
Four Pillars of Power
1) Overwhelming military strength and the will to use it
2) Surplus economic energy to enable it to provide aid
Four pillars of and invest in other states
power 3) Ideological leadership that serves as a model for
other nations
4) A cohesive system of governance
Hierarchical Order of
Power
– China or the United States?
– an international geopolitical system that is emerging is
Hierarchical polycentric and polyarchic
order of power – A hierarchical combination of world and regional
powers
– Major powers: the U.S., China, Russia, the EU, and
Japan
– Regional powers: Turkey, Iran, South Africa, Brazil
Hierarchical
– This hierarchical system is dynamic, not static.
order of power – Venezuela and Nigeria – once regional powers – have
lost their positions
Impact of Geography
– Geography is the study of the features and patterns
formed by the interaction of the natural and human-
made environments
Impact of – a gorge straddled by a bridge which forms of a transit
Geography way
– The importance of geographic proximity in waging war
and conducting trade is reflected in many ways
– Global warming has made possible navigation of
Russia’s Arctic Northern Sea Route during the summer.
Impact of
– Seoul’s location so close to the North Korean border
Geography influences the cautious diplomatic policies of South
Korea toward its erratic northern neighbor
Geopolitical Map of
the Future
– Washington’s announcement of its “Asian pivot” is an
example of a premature declaration of strategic
geopolitical shift.
Geopolitical – It foreshadowed the downgrading of America’s role in
Map of the the Middle East and the reduction of its military forces
Future in Europe.
– Migration processes
Developmental
Stages
– Three geostrategic realms:

Developmental 1) The United States, the maritime world of the Atlantic and
Pacific
stages
2) The continentally rooted realm: Russia & Central Asia
3) China & South East Asia
– The problems of Sub-Saharan Africa and South America
Developmental – The independent geopolitical region of South Asia
stages – Toward a fourth geostrategic realm?
Globalization
– Globalization does not override geography
– it adjusts to geographical settings and changes them
– The diffusion of modern industry also takes place in response to
political as well as economic considerations, e.g. the U.S. invested
in South Korea and Taiwan for political reasons
Globalization – the wider access to the hardware and software is lacking for much
of the world’s populace and tightly controlled if not absent
– the differential impact of the forces of globalization has to do with
global warming
KOF – The KOF Globalisation Index measures the economic, social and
Globalisation political dimensions of globalisation.
– KOF Swiss Economic Institute
Index
Classical geopolitics
versus critical
geopolitics
– Classical geopolitics ‘treats geographical space as an
Classical existential pre-condition for all politics’, for which
geopolitics reason ‘it must serve as the point of departure for all
political analysis and policy formulation’
– Critical geopolitics is ‘devoted to the study of how
Critical geographical space is represented and signified by
geopolitics political agents as a part of a larger project of accruing,
managing and aggrandizing power
Geopolitics today
POLITICAL
REPRESENTATIONS OF
ONE'S OWN COUNTRY
AND OTHERS
(geopolitical perceptions)

LOCATION OF BORDERS
AND DANGERS
(geopolitical map of the
world)

PRACTICAL GEOPOLITICS FORMAL GEOPOLITICS


POPULAR GEOPOLITICS (foreign policy, (national security
(media, cinema, cartoons) administration, institutions, think tanks,
organizations) academic geopolitics)

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