Ekosistem Pemrograman Jaringan

dan Otomasi

Widhi Yahya

MK: Otomasi Infrastruktur dan layanan jaringan

Outline

Review
Network Programmability and Automation
Network Management
Toolbox
Automation Python
Orchestration Ansible
Programmability Linux
Virtualization and Abstraction Virtualization
Software-Defined Networking YANG
Intent-Based Networking Protocols
Encoding the Protocols
Transporting the Protocols

Software and Network Engineers: The New Era”

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Ikhtisar

Network Management
Automation
Orchestration
Programmability
Virtualization and Abstraction
Software-Defined Networking
Intent-Based Networking

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Network Management (1/2)

• “Network management is how you make a network meet whatever expectations you have of it.”

• extensive repository of systems, processes, methodologies, rules, and standards

• FCAPS:

○ Fault management

○ Configuration management

○ Accounting management

○ Performance management

○ Security management

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 Network Management (2/2)
• Managing a network system means

interacting with the system in some way.

○ Accessing the CLI via SSH

○ Monitoring

○ Collecting system logs via syslog

○ Collecting traffic flow statistics with NetFlow

or IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)

○ Sending information to and extracting

information (RESTCONF or NETCONF)

“the management of networks has lagged behind other
technologies quite drastically”

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Automation
• using software to perform a task you would otherwise do manually

• Why? -> Managing network is a repetitive and exhaustive task

• Advantages:

○ Fast rollout of network changes

○ Relief from performing routine repetitive tasks

○ Consistent, reliable, tested, standards-compliant system changes

○ Reduced human errors and network misconfigurations

○ Better integration with change control policies

○ Better network documentation and change analysis

“Being able to deploy a network change “with a push of a button” definitely is less expensive than visiting each network node
and manually reconfiguring.” 6
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Orchestration (1/2)

• A traditional musical sense, is the composition of musical parts for a diversity of instruments.

• Individual elements work together,

“compute, storage, security, and network resources. ”

following their own instructions, to create a useful service or set of services.
“Automation : “Orchestration is the
a single task, such as a coordination of many
configuration change automated tasks, in a
across a set of switches or specific sequence, across
routers or the deployment disparate systems to
of a virtual machine on a accomplish a single
server, without manual objective. Another term for
(human) intervention. this is workflow.”
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Orchestration (1/2)

• “A wealth of orchestration tools are available on the market,

including the following

○ VMware vRealize Orchestrator, for VMWare environments

○ OpenStack Heat, for OpenStack

○ Google Cloud Composer, for (you guessed it) orchestrating Google

Cloud

○ Cisco Network Services Orchestrator (NSO), which, as the name

implies, focuses on network services

○ RedHat Ansible, which is usually used as a simple automation tool

but can also perform some workflow automation

○ Kubernetes, a specialized platform for orchestrating containerized 8

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workloads and services”
 Programmability
• A part of automation

• Programmability is the ability to customize your network to your own standards, policies, and

practices.

• In technical marketing: “ability to monitor devices, retrieve data, and configure devices through a

programmable interface (API) via: XML or JSON

• What do you think: API vs. CLI? Where/what is the intelligent component?

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Virtualization and Abstraction (1/3)

• Visualization: Creation of a service that behaves like a physical service but is not.

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 “Network abstraction gives rise to Network as

Abstraction (2/3) Code (NaC) or the broader Infrastructure as

Code”

NaC also brings networking into the DevOps

• Whiteboarding network or

conditions: topology, computing,

communication resources
capacity

• Information for automation

• Framework example: “NAPALM

(Network Automation and

Hardware and network abstractions
Programmability Abstraction Layer
with Multivendor Support)

• Language: YANG 11
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Software Defined Networking (1/3)
AppAppAppAppAppAppAppAppAppAppApp

Open Interface
Specialized
Features
Control or Control or Control
Specialized Plane Plane Plane

Control
Open Interface
Plane

Specialized Merchant
Hardware Switching Chips

Vertically integrated Horizontal

Closed, proprietary Open interfaces
Slow innovation 12
Rapid innovation 2023/2024

Nick McKeown, “How SDN will shape networking”, Standford Univ.

Software Defined Networking (2/3)
2. At least one Network OS
probably many.
Control Program Control Program Open- and closed-source

Global Network View

Network OS
1. Open interface to packet forwarding

Packet
Forwarding
Packet
Forwarding

Packet
Forwarding
Packet
Forwarding

Packet 2023/2024
Forwarding
Software Defined Networking (3/3)

2023/2024

Open Network Foundation, “OpenFlow Switch Specification”, 2013.

 Intent-Based Networking (IBN)

• Beyond SDN ( by Cisco)

• Interpretive layer on top of the

control plane

• IBN translates your expressed

intent into how to do it

• AI and ML are the keys

2023/2024
Network Programmability and Automation Toolbox
Python

Ansible

Linux

Virtualization

YANG

Protocols

Encoding the Protocols

Transporting the Protocols

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Python

“ Ansible or Cisco ACI or interact with

network devices through their APIs”

“Use Python where we can, C++ where

we must.”

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Ansible
Example: config IoS router

• Automation Engine

• For large scale

• “Ansible is written in Python”

• Is Python enough? Why doesn’t C or C++?

○ Give more arguments on LK1

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Linux

• Most widely used operating system in IT

environments
○ Automation
○ Virtualization and containers
○ Programming and scripting
○ Software-Defined Networking
○ Big Data systems
○ Cloud computing
• Built-in networking features

• Huge number of development tools, such

as Git

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Virtualization
Give examples of computing service virtualization?

• Computing and networking services

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YANG (“Yet Another Next Generation)”

• Modeling language such as UML (Unified

Modeling Language)

• Specified for networking model

• “A YANG module is a tree-like structure that

describes some information in a hierarchical

way. ”

• Data models help transform informational

chaos into structured data

• Why ?
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Protocols

• Dictates a programmatic interface for accessing or building the abstraction of a network

• RESTful

○ RESTCONF 🡪XML and JSON 🡪HTTP

○ NETCONF 🡪 XML 🡪 SSH
○ gRPC
• Install, manipulate, and delete configurations based on your model

• Models describe in YANG

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Encoding the Protocols

• Common language to communicate with the infrastructure

○ XML
○ JSON
○ YAML

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“Software and Network Engineers: The New Era”

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“Software and Network Engineers: The New Era”

• “Older engineers: “So I need to be a programmer now? Are software developers going to take my job
if I don’t?”

• Newer engineers: “I’ve invested enormous time and money into earning the certifications that will set
me on the career path I want. Most of my study time has been spent configuring and troubleshooting
through the CLI. Is all that a waste of time?”

Who will take responsibility for network automation? Will it be a software engineer, and if so, why?

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Discussion (LK1)

• Buat makalah 1-2 halaman A4, docx, Sertakan referensi jika ada dan disubmit pada Brone

○ Pada lapisan jaringan manakah otomasi jaringan akan memberi manfaat lebih banyak? Jelaskan alasannya dan
contohnya?
○ Carilah beberapa referensi framework untuk mewujudkan otomasi pada lapisan jaringan tersebut?

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