REVIEWER

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

TEXT INFORMATION AND ★ The use of various font types can express
MEDIA different emotions or meaning.

WHAT IS TEXT?
★ A simple and flexible format of presenting
information or conveying ideas whether:
➢ Hand-Written
➢ Printed
➢ On-screen TYPEFACE
★ Typeface (also called font, font type, or
WHAT IS TEXT INFORMATION? type) refers to the representation or style
★ Information that is communicated of a text in the digital format.
through text.
➢ Signs TYPES OF TYPEFACE
➢ Books
➢ Smartphones SERIF
➢ Computers ★ Connotes formality and readability in large
➢ menus amounts of texts. This font is usually used
for the body text of books, newspapers,
FORMS OF TEXT magazines and research publication. Also,
★ These are written for a variety of purposes, serif fonts give a classic or elegant look
using different forms and standards of when used for title or heading.
composition. ➢ Examples: Times New Roman,
➢ Hypertext Garamond, Baskerville
➢ Plain text or Unformatted text
➢ Formatted text SANSERIF
★ Brings a clean or minimalist look to the
HYPERTEXT text. This font is used for clear and direct
★ It serves as a link to dynamic electronic meaning of text such as road signage,
documents and enables users to jump building directory or nutrition facts in food
from one to another in a nonlinear way. packages. Also, sans serif fonts give a
modern look and are used primarily in
PLAIN TEXT OR UNFORMATTED TEXT webpage design.
★ It has fix size characters having ➢ Examples: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma,
essentially the same type of appearance Verdana, Calibri

FORMATTED TEXT SLAB SERIF

★ Its appearance can be changed using font ★ Slab serif - carries a solid or heavy look to
parameters such as the font type, font text. This font can be used for large
style, and font color, etc. advertising signs on billboards.
➢ Examples: Rockwell, Playbill,
TEXT AS VISUALS Blackoak
★ This refers to the representation or style of
a text in a digital format. SCRIPT
★ Usually comprises of alphabets, numbers, ★ Draws much attention to itself because of
symbols and other special characters. its brush - like strokes. This must be used
★ When fonts are installed in the computer, sparingly and not to be used in large body
they usually come in file formats such as: text. This font is usually used in wedding
➢ .ttf invitation cards or other formal events.
➢ .otf ➢ Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir,
➢ .eot Kunstler
★ In the absence of images or drawings, text
is the easiest way of communicating to
your audience.
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

DECORATIVE VISUAL INFORMATION

★ Display or decorative - caters to a wide AND MEDIA
variety of emotions (such as celebration,
fear, horror, etc.) or themes (such as WHAT IS VISUAL MEDIA?
cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie, ★ These are the symbols, pictures, icons, and
etc.) others that communicate with one’s sense
➢ Examples: Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz of sight.
MT ➢ Ideogram
➢ Statistical Visualization
DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS ➢ Picture
★ These describe fundamental ideas about ➢ Graphic Design
the practice of visual design. ➢ Video
➢ Emphasis ➢ 3D Image
➢ Appropriateness
➢ Proximity IDEOGRAM
➢ Alignment ★ These are graphical symbols that
➢ Organization represent ideas.
➢ Repetition ➢ Symbols
➢ Contrast ➢ Logos
➢ Signs
EMPHASIS
★ It refers to the importance or value given STATISTICAL VISUALIZATION
to a part of the text-based content ★ This refers to the study and creation of
data using visual representation.
APPROPRIATENESS ➢ Bar Graph
★ It shows how fit or suitable the text is ➢ Pie Chart
used for a specific audience, purpose, or ➢ Line Graph
event.
PICTURE
PROXIMITY ★ It is used widely by people to express their
★ It refers to the distance of the text ideas, opinions, and sentiments.
elements from each other. ➢ Photography
➢ Paintings
ALIGNMENT ➢ Drawings
★ It refers to the importance or value given
to a part of the text-based content. GRAPHIC DESIGN
★ It is a combination of text and pictures to
ORGANIZATION communicate information.
★ This refers to the conscious effort to ➢ Infographics
organize the different text elements in a ➢ Posters
page. ➢ Advertisements
REPETITION VIDEO
★ Consistency of elements and this includes ★ It is the combination of motion and
the unity of the entire design. picture; or of motion, picture, and audio.
➢ Movie
CONTRAST ➢ CCTV
★ This creates visual interest and two ➢ Film
elements are different from each other.
3D IMAGE
★ It is a three-dimensional visual medium.
➢ Sculpture
➢ Architecture
➢ Real-Life Object
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

PURPOSE OF VISUAL INFORMATION ★ Color can add interest and reality to

★ The primary purpose of visual information artwork. With the use of color wheels it is
is to: easy to understand color theory more
➢ Gain Attention effectively.
➢ Create Meaning
➢ Facilitate Retention FORM
★ A figure having volume and thickness. An
VISUAL DESIGN ELEMENTS illusion of a three-dimensional (3D) object
★ These are the building blocks or basic can be implied with the use of light and
units in construction of visual images. shading.
➢ Lines ★ Forms can be viewed from many angles.
➢ Shapes
➢ Value VISUAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
➢ Texture ★ Visual design elements and principles
➢ Color describe fundamental ideas about the
➢ Form practice of visual design.
➢ Consistency
LINES ➢ Center of Interest
★ Line is the path made by a moving point: ➢ Balance
connected and continuous. ➢ Harmony
★ Lines can be measured in length, width, ➢ Contrast
and weight. They can be long, short, thick, ➢ Directional Movement
thin, dotted or solid. ➢ Rhythm
➢ Perspective
SHAPES
★ Shape is an area occupying space in a CONSISTENCY
composition and it can be defined by a ★ Consistency in margins, typeface, and
line, color, or texture. colors especially in the whole documents
★ Shapes are two - dimensional (2D) which or presentations.
means are two ways they can be measured
through its height and width. CENTER OF INTEREST
★ An area that first attracts attention in a
VALUE composition. This area is more important
★ The degree of light and dark design. It is when compared to the other elements.
the contrast between black and white and
all the tones in between. BALANCE
★ The degree of light and dark design. It is ★ A feeling of visual equality in shape, forms,
the contrast between black and white and etc. can be used in creating balance in a
all the tones in between. composition.

TEXTURE HARMONY
★ They are the surface feels or is perceived ★ This brings together a composition with
to feel. Texture can be added to attract or similar units.
repel interest to a visual element.
★ Visual texture is the illusion of the CONTRAST
surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a ★ Offers some change in value creating a
feeling of smoothness or roughness in the visual discord in a composition.
object.
DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT
COLOR ★ It is a visual flow through the composition.
★ It is a visual sensation resulting from the It can be the suggestion of motion in a
reflection wavelengths of light from design as you move from one object to
differing sources. another.
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

RHYTHM AUDIO INFORMATION AND

★ A movement in which some elements MEDIA
recur regularly.
WHAT IS AUDIO?
PERSPECTIVE ★ There are sounds especially when
★ Created through the arrangement of recorded, transmitted or reproduced.
objects in two-dimensional space to look ➢ Sound Effects
like they appear in real life. ➢ Music
➢ Songs
TIPS FOR DESIGNING VISUAL CONTENT ➢ Newscast
➢ Sound Recording
COLOR ➢ Public Service Announcements
★ Use no more than five colors in a single
layout. Color should be used sparingly to AUDIO MEDIA
highlight important information. ★ Media communication that uses audio or
recordings to deliver and transfer
TYPOGRAPHY information through the means of sound.
★ All fonts should be legible and appropriate
for the communication style. For more TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF AUDIO
tips, find out how to choose the right INFORMATION
typography for your brand.
1. RADIO BROADCAST
LAYOUT ★ Live or recorded audio sent through radio
★ Present content in a way that guides waves to reach a wide audience.
readers through a logical hierarchy.
Aligning the elements in a layout with 2. MUSIC
each other will help maintain consistency. ★ Vocal or instrumental sounds combined in
such a way as to produce beauty of form,
SPACE harmony, and expression of emotion.
★ Keep significant negative space. When too
much information is in a layout, 3. SOUND RECORDING
messaging becomes cluttered and ★ It is a recording of an interview, meeting,
incoherent. or any sound from the environment.
ILLUSTRATIONS 4. SOUND CLIPS/EFFECTS
★ Illustration should match tone and ★ Any sound artificially reproduced to create
subject matter. Only include if it enhances an effect in a dramatic presentation.
the content.
5. AUDIO PODCAST
PROPORTION ★ A digital audio file or recording, usually
★ The eye can be deceiving; make sure items part of a theme series, that can be
are appropriately sized in data downloaded from a website to a media
visualizations so as not to skew data. player.
SIMPLICITY 6. PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT
★ Avoid unnecessary design, including 3D ★ These are messages disseminated by
charts, ornamental illustration, or radios without charge. It aims to raise
extraneous elements. Remember, too, that people’s awareness.
minimal design can also be effective — so
long as you have a strong story. 7. RADIO DRAMA
★ Similar to a television soap opera, these
are purely acoustic programs broadcast
on radio.
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

8. RADIO COMMERCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND

★ Paid advertisements that intend to
promote a service or product. 1. VOLUME
★ It refers to the intensity of a sound.
WAYS TO STORE AUDIO INFORMATION
2. TONE
1. TAPE ★ The audible characteristics of a sound.
★ It is a magnetic tape where sound can be
played or recorded. 3. PITCH
★ It deals with how high or low the sound is.
2. COMPACT DISC (CD)
★ A circular medium for recording, storing, 4. LOUDNESS
and playing audio and video ★ Refers to the magnitude of the sound
heard.
3. FLASH DRIVE
★ This can be used to store audio with any PURPOSE OF SOUND DECISION
computer that has a USB port. ★ Give instruction or information
★ Provide feedback
4. MEMORY CARD ★ To personalize or customize
★ A small storage medium used to store
data such as text, images, audio and ELEMENTS OF SOUND DECISION
video.
1. DIALOGUE
5. HARD DRIVE ★ These are speeches, conversation, or
★ It is a secondary device used for storing voice-over.
audio files.
2. SOUND EFFECTS
6. CLOUD STORAGE ★ Any sound other than music or dialogue.
★ A website used to store files that are
connected to the internet. 3. MUSIC
★ Vocal or instrumental sounds (or both)
AUDIO FILE FORMATS combined in such a way to produce beauty
of form, harmony, and expression of
1. MP3/MPEG AUDIO LAYER 3 emotion.
★ A standard of digital audio compression
for the transfer and playback of music on PRINCIPLES OF SOUND DESIGN
most digital audio players. ★ These are the techniques for combining
the different elements or objects of a
2. M4A/AAC ADVANCED AUDIO CODING sound.
★ This is designed for the successor of the
mp3 format, AAC generally achieves better 1. MIXING
sound quality than mp3 at similar bit rate. ★ It is the combination, balance and control
of multiple sound elements.
3 WAV WAVEFORM AUDIO FILE
★ This is the standard format for storing 2. STEREO IMAGING
audio bitstream on PCs and it has become ★ Using left and right channels for depth.
a standard format for game sounds
among others. 3. PACE
★ This refers to the time control, editing,
4. WMA WINDOWS MEDIA AUDIO order or events.
★ An audio data compression technology
developed by Microsoft and used with 4. TRANSITION
Windows Media Player. ★ This is how you get from one segment of
an element to another.
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

HEARING VS. LISTENING 3GP (THIRD GENERATION PARTNERSHIP)

★ The impact of audio information varies ★ Is a video container format that was
upon the receiver. developed with the intention to save on
➢ Hearing - The act of perceiving disk space, bandwidth, and data usage,
sound by the ear and can be done which is why they're often seen created
involuntarily from, and transferred between, mobile
➢ Listening - Requires concentration devices.
so that your brain processes ★ The main advantage of the 3gp format is
meaning from words. that it is small in size. This is beneficial
especially for users who frequently save
1. HEARING and watch video files on their
★ Sounds enter the eardrums and travel to smartphones. And due to its small
the brain. footprint, uploading or downloading a
video in 3gp format will only take seconds
2. ATTENDING to minutes depending on the file size.
★ Brain receives the sound and chooses
what to listen to. MPG - MOVING PICTURE EXPERTS GROUP (MPEG)
★ Mpg is a file extension for an mpeg
3. UNDERSTANDING animation in the mpeg-1 or mpeg-2 codec.
★ Making sense of the listened sound. Mpeg-1 was designed for coding
progressive video at bit rates of about 1.5
4. REMEMBERING million bits per second. It was designed
★ The sound is stored in one’s memory. specifically for video-cd and cd-i media.
Mpeg-1 audio layer-3 (mp3) has also
evolved from early mpeg work.
★ Mpeg-2 was designed for coding
interlaced images at bit rates above 4
million bits per second. Mpeg-2 is used for
digital tv broadcast and dvd. An mpeg-2
player can handle mpeg-1 data as well.
MOTION INFORMATION
AND MEDIA MP4 - MPEG 4
★ Is a file format created by the moving
WHAT IS MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA? picture experts group (mpeg) as a
★ A form of media that has the appearance multimedia container format designed to
of moving text and graphics on a display. store audiovisual data.
Its purpose is to communicate ★ The mp4 is largely replacing earlier
information in multiple ways. multimedia file formats, and creating
★ Motion media in essence is visual media some changes in the way that vendors sell
that gives the appearance of movement. audiovisual files to the public.
★ Motion media can be a collection of ★ Mp4 file format, also commonly known as
graphics, footage, videos. It is combined mpeg-4 part 14 or mpeg-4 avc (advanced
with audio, text, and/or interactive content video coding), is a multimedia file format
to create multimedia. used to digitally store audio and video
files. Mp4 file format is also used for video
VIDEO FORMAT / VIDEO CODEC streaming over the internet. Mp4 file
★ Motion media use large resources. Codecs format is basically a container which
compresses and decompresses video files. holds audio and video files that are
➢ 3GP digitally encoded.
➢ MPG ★ Mp4 file format has only one official file
➢ MP4 extension, i.e., .mp4. There are two
unofficial file extensions, as well, namely
.m4a, which is audio only, and .m4p, which
stands for the protected mp4 file format.
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

PIXEL 4K (3840X2160)
★ A word invented from “pix (picture) + ★ 4k video resolution is high-definition (HD)
element“ video that has four times the resolution of
★ Is the basic unit of programmable color on 1080p HD video.
a computer display or in a computer
image. There are two standard resolutions for 4k video:
★ The physical size of a pixel depends on ★ The digital cinema initiatives standard for
how you've set the resolution for the 4k resolution in the film and video
display screen. production industry is 4096 x 2160 pixels.
★ The 4k resolution standard for television
VIDEO RESOLUTION and monitors is 3840 x 2160 pixels
★ It simply is the “clearness of the video”
★ Resolution is the number of pixels TYPES OF MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA
(individual points of color) contained on a
display monitor, expressed in terms of the FILM
number of pixels on the horizontal axis ★ Also called a movie picture, is a series of
and the number on the vertical axis. still or moving images. Consists of moving
★ The sharpness of the image on a display pictures that have been recorded so that
depends on the resolution and the size of they can be shown at the cinema or on
the monitor. television. A film tells a story or shows a
real situation.
KINDS OF RESOLUTION
DOCUMENTARY FILM
360p (480x360) ★ A documentary film is a nonfictional
★ Videos at 360p are well-suited to motion picture intended to document
smartphones and other mobile devices some aspect of reality, primarily for the
since they use up less data, but may purposes of instruction, education, or
appear a bit blurry on larger screens. maintaining a historical record.

480p (640p x 480) SHORT FILM

★ DVDs clock in at 480p, so if you’re looking ★ A short film is any film not long enough to
to burn a DVD, this resolution will give be considered a feature film. No
your disc the highest quality allowed by consensus exists as to where that
any DVD burner or disc. A 480p video will boundary is drawn: the academy of motion
also play well on most laptop and desktop picture arts and sciences defines a short
monitors, and smaller TVs. film as “an original motion picture that has a
running time of 40 minutes or less, including
720p (1280x720) all credits”.
★ True High-definition starts at 720p, and
this is the image resolution at which ANIMATION
many HD television channels broadcast. ★ A scene from the animated film. Is the
An hd 720p animation video is crisp, process of designing, drawing, making
sharp, and looks great on most displays. layouts and preparation of photographic
sequences which are integrated in the
1080p (1920x1080) multimedia and gaming products.
★ For an even higher resolution, you can Animation involves the exploitation and
download your videos at 1080p, another management of still images to generate
favorite for HD television stations. We the illusion of movement.
recommend this resolution for sharing on
social media or for showing videos on
larger screens and TVs, since it’ll give your
audience the highest possible quality
display, with crystal clear playback.
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

INTERACTIVE VIDEO FORMATS OF MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA

★ Usually refers to a technique used to blend
interaction and linear film or video. VIDEO
Interactive video (also known as "IV") is a ★ is an electronic medium for the recording,
type of digital video that supports user copying, and broadcasting of moving
interaction. These videos play like regular visual images.
video files, but include clickable areas, or
"hotspots," that perform an action when VIDEO FOOTAGE
you click on them. ★ In filmmaking and video production,
footage is the raw, unedited material as it
MOTION PICTURE IN TELEVISION had been originally filmed by movie
★ Television is a telecommunication camera or recorded by a video camera
medium for transmitting and receiving which usually must be edited to create a
moving images that can be monochrome motion picture, video clip, television show
(black and white) or colored, with or or similar completed work.
without accompanying sounds.
SOURCES OF MOTION INFORMATION
A. COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENT ON TV
★ A span of television programming
produced and paid for by an organization.
It conveys a message, aimed to market a
product or service.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF
B. PHILIPPINE MELODRAMA
MOTIONS INFORMATION AND MEDIA
★ Philippine television drama, also known as
teleserye, Filipino telenovelas or Pdrama,
SPEED
is a form of melodramatic serialized
★ A fast movement gives vigor and vitality,
fiction in television in the Philippines.
intensifying emotions. A slow movement
connotes lethargy, solemnity, or sadness.
C. REALITY SHOW
★ A reality show is a type of television
DIRECTION
program that aims to show how ordinary
★ Indicates a movement from one direction
people behave in everyday life, or in
to another. It can also refer to the growing
situations, often created by the program
or shrinking of an object.
makers, which are intended to represent
everyday life.
TIMING
★ Can be objective or subjective. Objective
D. GAME SHOW
timing can be measured in minutes,
★ A television program in which people
seconds, days, etc. Subjective timing is
compete to win prizes.
psychological or felt. Timing can be used
to clarify or intensify the message or the
E. TALK SHOW
event. Using a pause can help time the
★ A television or radio show in which various
events.
topics are discussed informally and
listeners, viewers, or the studio audience
TRANSITION
are invited to participate in the
★ Used to switch between scenes, sound
discussion.
and color - adds meaning to the motion.
F. TELEVISION NEWS
BLURRING
★ A television broadcast of news.
★ In animation, blurring can provide the
illusion of fast movement. In videos, it is
often used to censor information for
security or decency.
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA CONTRACTUAL FREEDOM

AND INFORMATION ★ Righteous holders can define their own
terms and conditions in cases of
ETHICAL reproduction.
★ From the Latin word “ethikos” which
means character. REMUNERATION
★ Defines how individuals prefer to interact ★ The third party must provide equitable
with one another. remuneration through monetary payment
(covers the copyright owner’s economic
LEGAL right) and/or acknowledgment (covers the
★ The Law is a set of generally accepted copyright owner’s moral right).
rules, accepted and enforced within a
certain territory or entity. TERRITORIALITY
★ Legal means a set of rules implemented in ★ The author has the power to decide
the specific country and it is acceptable regarding the covered geographical scope
based on what is in the law. and license of his/her work.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ENFORCEMENT

★ This refers to creations of the mind, such ★ The holder can enforce his/her rights
as inventions; literary and artistic works; against unauthorized use of his/her work.
designs; and symbols, names and images
used in commerce. A copyright owner may use symbol © to simply
notify that his/her work is copyrighted. Thereby,
Intellectual property is protected by Law warning a third party from infringement.
WIPO was created in 1967, "to encourage creative
activity, to promote the protection of intellectual 1. An IP is covered by copyright during the
property throughout the world." lifetime of the IP owner and 50 years after
his/her death.
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 2. The IP owner or his/her legal successor
➢ Copyright can renew the copyright after its
➢ Trademark expiration.
➢ Patent 3. Only after an IP’s copyright expires and its
owner or legal successors fail to renew the
COPYRIGHT copyright can it be considered as public
★ is a legal term used to describe the rights domain.
that creators have over their literary and
artistic works. PUBLIC DOMAIN
SCOPE OF COPYRIGHT ★ This refers to works that are not covered
➢ Financial Gain by IP rights (Copyright, Trademark, and
➢ Moral Right Patent).
➢ Due to expiration or forfeiture of
KEY PRINCIPLES THAT FORM THE FOUNDATION rights.
OF COPYRIGHT ➢ Using Public Domain does not
require asking for copyright
EXCLUSIVITY information.
★ If a third party wants to use the
copyrighted work, the owner has the right TRADEMARK
to decide whether he/she would authorize ★ It is a name, word slogan, symbol, among
or prohibit the usage. others, that identifies a product of
organizations. (WIPO, n.d).
NO FORMALITIES FOR ESTABLISHMENT ★ Trademarks require registration. It is
★ The ownership of copyright starts from the because if a material is a registered
time of creation and does not require any trademark of a group or organization, no
formal of registration. other party can ever use it.
REVIEWER
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

★ It is illegal to use the symbols ™ and ® for METAPHOR AND IDEA

products that are not registered under a ★ Refer to the usage of metaphors and ideas
national trademark/patent office. without prior acknowledgement.

PATENT PENALTIES
★ It is a government license given to
industrial process and inventions that FOR THE FIRST OFFENDERS
gives its owner an exclusive right to use, ★ Fine of Php 50 000 to Php 150 000 and/or
sell, or manufacture the said IPs (UK imprisonment of one to two years.
Copyright Service, n.d). It only lasts 20
years. (Sec. 21, R.A No. 165a) FOR THE SECOND OFFENDERS
★ Fine of Php 150 000 to Php 500 000 and/or
NON-PATENTABLE imprisonment of three to six years.
★ Discoveries, scientific theories, and
mathematical methods FOR THE THIRD OFFENDERS
★ Schemes, rules and methods of ★ Fine of Php 500 000 to Php 1.5 million
performing mental acts, playing games or and/or imprisonment of six to nine years.
doing business, and programs for
computers.
★ Methods for treatment of the human or
animal body by surgery or therapy and
diagnostic methods practiced on the
human/animal body.
★ Plant varieties or animal breeds or
essentially biological process for the
production of plants or animals. GOODLUCK GUYS!!!! ( ˶ˆᗜˆ˵ )
★ Aesthetic creation - rie
★ Anything which is contrary to public order
or morality.

GEMENT
★ Violation or infringement of IP rights is
subject to sanctions around the world.
★ In the Philippines, IP rights are protected
by RA 8293, or Intellectual Property Code of
the Philippines (IP Code)

TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

CUT AND PASTE

★ This refers to literally copying and pasting
w/o including proper citation.

WORLD-SWITCH
★ The usage of alter vocabularies or
substitution of words and paraphrasing
w/o giving proper attribution.

STYLE
★ Refers to the substitution of your own
sentences or paragraph or making
alterations.