Physics 2213

Tutorial n°4
February 27-28th- March 1th 2023
 1/ A tiger leaps horizontally from a 6.5-m-high rock with a speed of 3.5 m/s. How far from the base of the
rock will she land?

Choose downward to be the positive y direction. The origin will be at the point where the tiger leaps from the rock

x
In the horizontal direction v x 0 = 3.5 m s and ax = 0

In the vertical direction vy 0 = 0 a y = 9.80 m s 2 y0 = 0

and the final location y = 6.5 m

The time for the tiger to reach the ground is :

2 ( 6.5m )
y
y = y0 + v y 0 t + a y t
1
2
2
→ 6.5m = 0 + 0 + 1
2 ( 9.8 m s ) t
2 2
→ t=
9.8 m s 2
= 1.15 sec

The horizontal displacement is calculated from the constant horizontal velocity.

x = vx t = ( 3.5 m s )(1.15 sec ) = 4.0 m
2/ A fire hose held near the ground shoots water at a speed of 6.8 m/s. At what angle(s) should the nozzle
point in order that the water land 2.0 m away (Figure)? Why are there two different angles?
Sketch the two trajectories.
 the range formula

v02 sin 2 0
R= →
g
Rg ( 2.0 m ) ( 9.8 m s2 ) = 0.4239
sin 2 0 = =
( 6.8 m s )
2
v02

2 0 = sin −1 0.4239 →  0 = 13o , 77 o 2.5

1.5

0.5

There are two angles because each angle gives the same range
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

-0.5
3/ A ball is thrown horizontally from the roof of a building 45.0 m tall and lands 24.0 m from the base. What
was the ball’s initial speed?

Choose downward to be the positive y direction. The origin will be at the point where the ball is thrown from the roof
of the building

In the vertical direction vy 0 = 0

a y = 9.80 m s 2
y0 = 0

The displacement is 45.0 m. The time of flight is :

2 ( 45.0 m )
y = y0 + v y 0 t + a y t
1
2
2
→ 45.0 m = 1
2 ( 9.80 m s ) t
2 2
→ t=
9.80 m s 2
= 3.03 sec

The horizontal speed (which is the initial speed) is found from the horizontal motion at constant velocity:

x = vx t → vx = x t = 24.0 m 3.03 s = 7.92 m s

 4/ A ball thrown horizontally at 22.2 m/s from the roof of a building lands 36.0 m from the base of the
building. How tall is the building?

Choose downward to be the positive y direction. The origin is the point where the ball is thrown from the roof of the
building

In the vertical direction v y 0 = 0

y0 = 0
a y = 9.80 m s 2
The initial horizontal velocity is 22.2 m/s and the horizontal range is 36.0 m. The time of flight is found from the
horizontal motion at constant velocity.

x = vx t → t = x vx = 36.0 m 22.2 m s = 1.62 s

The vertical displacement, which is the height of the building is :

y = y0 + v y 0t + 12 a y t 2 → y = 0+0+ 1
2 ( 9.80 m s 2 ) (1.62 s ) = 12.9 m
2
5/ A hunter aims directly at a target (on the same level) 75.0 m away. (a) If the bullet leaves the gun at a
speed of 180 m/s, by how much will it miss the target? (b) At what angle should the gun be aimed so
as to hit the target?

(a)

Choose downward to be the positive y direction. The origin is the point where the bullet leaves the gun

In the vertical direction : v y 0 = 0

y0 = 0
a y = 9.80 m s 2

In the horizontal direction x = 75.0 m v = 180 m s

x

The time of flight is found from the horizontal motion at constant velocity.

x = vx t → t = x vx = 75.0 m 180 m s = 0.4167 s

This time can now be used to find the vertical drop of the bullet.

y = y0 + v y 0t + a y t
1
2
2
→ y = 0+0+ 1
2 ( 9.80 m s ) ( 0.4167 s )
2 2
= 0.851 m
(b) For the bullet to hit the target at the same level, we use the range formula.
The range is 75.0 m, and the initial velocity is 180 m/s.

v sin 2 0
2
Rg 1 ( 75.0 m ) ( 9.80 m s2 )=
R= 0
→ sin 2 0 = →  0 = sin −1
0.650o
( )
2
g v02 2 180 m s

Because of the symmetry of the range formula, there is also an answer of the complement of 0.650°, which would
be 89.35o. That is an unreasonable answer from a practical physical viewpoint – it is pointing the gun almost
straight up.
6/ The pilot of an airplane traveling 180 km/h wants to drop supplies to flood victims isolated on a patch of
land 160 m below. The supplies should be dropped how many seconds before the plane is directly
overhead?

Choose downward to be the positive y direction. The origin is the point where the supplies are dropped.

In the vertical direction : v y 0 = 0

y0 = 0
a y = 9.80 m s 2

and the final position is y = 160 m

The time of flight is found from the vertical motion equation :

y = y0 + v y 0t + 12 a y t 2 (
→ 160 m = 0 + 0 + 12 9.80 m s 2 t 2 ) →

2 (160 m )
t= 2
= 5.71 s Note that the speed of the airplane does not enter into this calculation
9.80 m s
7/ A projectile is fired with an initial speed of 65.2 m/s at an angle of 34.5º above the horizontal on a long flat
firing range. Determine :
(a) the maximum height reached by the projectile,
(b) the total time in the air,
(c) the total horizontal distance covered (that is, the range),
(d) the velocity of the projectile 1.50 s after firing.

Choose the origin to be where the projectile is launched, and upwards to be the positive y direction. The initial velocity of
the projectile is v0, the launching angle is 0, ay = - g, and vy0 = v0 sin  0.

(a) The maximum height : v y2 = v y20 + 2a y ( y − y0 ) with vy = 0

at the maximum height

v −v −v sin  0 v sin  0 ( 65.2 m s )

2 2 2
2 2 2 2
sin 2 34.5o
ymax = 0 + = = = = 69.6 m
y y0 0 0

2a y −2 g 2g (
2 9.80 m s 2
)
(b) The total time in the air is found with a total vertical displacement of 0 for the ball to reach the ground.

y = y0 + v y 0t + 12 a y t 2 → 0 = v0 sin  0t − 12 gt 2 →
2v0 sin  0 2 ( 65.2 m s ) sin 34.5o
t= = = 7.54 s and t = 0
g ( 9.80 m s )2

The time of 0 represents the launching of the ball.

(c) The total horizontal distance covered is found from the horizontal motion at constant velocity.

(
x = vx t = ( v0 cos  0 ) t = ( 65.2 m s ) cos 34.5o ) ( 7.54 s ) = 405 m

(d) The velocity of the projectile 1.50 s after firing is found as the vector sum of the horizontal and vertical
velocities at that time

The horizontal velocity is a constant : (

vx = vx0 = v0 cos  0 = ( 65.2 m s ) cos 34.5
o
) = 53.7 m s
The vertical velocity : ( )
v y = v y 0 + at = v0 sin  0 − gt = ( 65.2 m s ) sin 34.5o − 9.80 m s 2 (1.50s ) = 22.2 m s
Thus the speed of the projectile is : v= vx2 + v y2 = 53.7 2 + 22.2 2 = 58.1m s

vy 22.2
The direction above the horizontal is given by :  = tan −1
= tan −1
= 22.5o
vx 53.7
 Multiple Choice Gr-A February 28th 2022

1/ If a = 40, b = 60, and M = 4.0 kg, determine the tension in string 1.

2/ The horizontal surface on which the objects slide is frictionless. If M = 2.0 kg, the tension in string 1 is 12 N.
Determine F.
 Multiple Choice Gr-B February 28th 2022

1/ If the only forces acting on a 2.0-kg mass are F1 = (3i – 8j) N and F2 = (5i + 3j) N, what is the magnitude
of the acceleration of the particle?

2/ If F = 4.0 N and m = 2.0 kg, what is the magnitude a of the acceleration for the block shown below?
The surface is frictionless.
 Multiple Choice Gr-C March 1th 2022

1/ A heavy weight is supported by two cables that exert tensions of magnitude T1 and T2.
Which statement is correct?

2/ The horizontal surface on which the objects slide is frictionless. If F = 12 N, what is the tension in string 1?
 Multiple Choice Gr-D March 1th 2022

1/ A 1.5-kg mass has an acceleration of (4.0i – 3.0j) m/s2. Only two forces act on the mass. If one of the
forces is (2.0i – 1.4j) N, what is the magnitude of the other force?

2/ If F = 5.0 N, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by block 2 on block 1?