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10 - Matrices by MC Sir

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36 views12 pages

10 - Matrices by MC Sir

Uploaded by

asway933
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Properties of Symmetric and Skew-symmetric Matrices

(i) If A is a symmetric matrix, then –A, kA, A T, An,A–1, BT AB are also symmetric matrices, where
n  N, k  R and B is a square matrix of order that of A
(ii) If A is a skew-symmetric matrix, then
(a) A2n is a symmetric matrix for n  N,
(b) A2n+1 is a skew-symmetric matrix for n  N,
(c) kA is also skew-symmetric matrix, where k  R,
(d) BT AB is also skew-symmetric matrix where B is a square matrix of order that of A.
(iii) If A, B are two symmetric matrices, then
(a) A ± B, AB + BA are also symmetric matrices,
(b) AB – BA is a skew-symmetric matrix,
(c) AB is a symmetric matrix, when AB = BA.
(iv) If A, B are two skew-symmetric matrices, then
(a) A ± B, AB – BA are skew-symmetric matrices,
(b) AB + BA is a symmetric matrix.
 3 2 3
A   4 5 3
Q. Express the matrix   as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
 2 4 5

 3 3 5 / 2
1
Sol. Let P  (A  A T )   3 5 7 / 2
2  
5 / 2 7 / 2 5 

 0 1 1 / 2 
1
and Q  (A  A T )   1 0 1 / 2
2  
 1 / 2 1 / 2 0 
Q. Show that positive odd integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrix are skew-symmetric and
positive even integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrix are symmetric.
Q. If A and B are symmetric matrices, then show that AB is symmetric iff AB = BA i.e. A and B
commute.
Q. What is the maximum number of different elements required to form a symmetric matrix of order
12?
Q. If A is a square matrix of order 3, then find |(A – A T)2011|.
 3 a 1  d 3 a 
2 5 c   b  a e 2b  c 
Q. A=   is symmetric and B =   is skew-symmetric, then find AB.
 b 8 2   2 6 f 

 3 2 b   3 a 1
 a 5 8  2 5 c 
Sol. A is symmetric  AT = A     
 1 c 2   b 8 2 

 a = 2, b = –1, c = 8
d b  a 2   d 3 a 
3 e 6   a  b e 2b  c 
B is skew-symmetric  BT = –B     
 a 2b  c f   2 6 f 

 d = –d, f = –f and e = –e  d=f=e= 0

 3 2 1 0 3 2
So A   2 5 8  and B   3 0 6 
   
 1 8 2   2 6 0 

 3 2 1  0 3 2   4 3 6 
    
 AB =  2 5 8   3 0 6    31 54 26 
 1 8 2   2 6 0   28 9 50 
Q. Find a Matrix X such that X = P'Q 2017 P.

 3 1 
  1 1
P   2 2 
where , A  and Q = PAP'.
 1 3 0 1
 
 2 2 

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