AKTU

B.Tech 3rd year

Software
Project
Management
+ Free notes

Most important PYQ solutions

 Questions

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What do you understand by “Earned Value Analysis”?

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Explain the following term: SPM framework with example, project

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estimation model, milestone chart.

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What are the Dimensions of Project Monitoring & Control? Discuss

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using example.

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Discuss Interpretation of Earned Value Indicators. Write short notes

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on Error Tracking, Cost Variance, and Pair programming.
Discuss the different steps of preparing the schedule. What are the
Inputs and outputs required by Schedule?
What do you understand by Detect Deviations: By comparing planned
“Earned Value Analysis”? and actual values, EVA identifies cost and
schedule variances, showing where the
Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is a

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project is not meeting expectations.

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project management technique used to
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Forecast Future Performance: EVA uses

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assess project performance and progress
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current performance data to predict future
in a systematic manner.
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project costs and timelines, helping

It integrates three criticala

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managers make informed decisions about

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project management:lscope,
dimensions of

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resource allocation and project

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time, and

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adjustments.

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cost.

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Use Earned Value Analysis (EVA)
Monitor Project Progress: EVA tracks Objective Data: Provides clear,
how much work has been completed quantitative insights into project
compared to the plan, providing a clear performance.
picture of project status.
 Early Problem Detection: Highlights Explain the following term: SPM
issues early, allowing for corrective framework with example, project
actions. estimation model, milestone chart.
Integrated Metrics: Combines scope,

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Software Project Management (SPM)

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time, and cost into a single analysis.

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Framework:

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Enhanced Forecasting: Improves

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A structured approach to managing

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accuracy in predicting future costs and
timelines.
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software development projects.

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It includes methodologies, tools, and
Disadvantages
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processes to plan, execute, and control

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software projects effectively.

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Complex Implementation: Requires

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detailed planning and data collection.
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Example:

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Intensive: Demands
The Agile framework is a popular SPM
significant effort to maintain accuracy.
framework. It emphasizes iterative
Quality of Data: Relies heavily on development, collaboration, and flexibility.
precise and timely data input. Teams work in short cycles (sprints) to deliver
small, incremental changes to the software.
Project Estimation Model: Milestones are significant points or
Techniques and methods used to
goals in a project, such as the

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predict the time, cost, and resources
completion of a major phase or delivery
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required to complete a project.

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It helps in planning, budgeting, and
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of a critical component.
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resource allocation.

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Example:

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The COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) is a In a software development project, a milestone

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widely used estimation model in software

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chart might include:

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engineering. It estimates project costs based on

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Project Kickoff (start date)

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the size of the software (measured in lines of

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code or function points) and various project Requirements Gathering Complete (end of

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attributes (e.g., complexity, team experience).
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month 1)

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COCOMO provides estimates for different Design Phase Complete (end of month 2)
project phases, such as design, coding, and
First Prototype Delivered (end of month 3)
testing.
Final Testing Complete (end of month 5)
Milestone Chart: Project Launch (end of month 6)
A visual representation of the key
events or milestones in a project
timeline.
What are the Dimensions of Project 1. Scope Management
Monitoring & Control? Discuss using
example. Definition: Ensuring the project includes all
the work required, and only the work
Dimensions of Project Monitoring & Control
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required, to complete the project successfully.

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Project monitoring and control involve

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several key dimensions to ensure a project
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2. Time Management

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remains on track and meets its goals. These

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dimensions include:

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Definition: Planning and controlling the

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1. Scope Management
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schedule to ensure
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timely completion of the

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2. Time Management

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project.
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3. Cost Management
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4. Quality Management
@Management
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3. Cost
5. Risk Management
6. Communication Management Definition: Planning, estimating, budgeting,
7. Resource Management and controlling costs to keep the project
within the approved budget.
4. Quality Management 7. Resource Management

Definition: Ensuring that the project will satisfy

Definition: Planning, allocating, and

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the needs for which it was undertaken, focusing

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monitoring resources (people, equipment,
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on both the processes and the final deliverables.

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materials) to ensure they are used efficiently
5. Risk Management
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responding to project risksa
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Definition: Identifying, analyzing, and

impact on the project. e

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to minimize their Example:
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Project: Launching a new product.

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Scope Management: Define the product

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6. Communication Management features and launch activities (e.g.,

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product design, marketing campaign).
Definition: Ensuring timely and appropriate Time Management: Create a timeline
generation, collection, distribution, and storage with key milestones such as prototype
of project information.
development, testing, and launch date.
Cost Management: Budget for Discuss Interpretation of Earned Value
development, marketing, and distribution Indicators. Write short notes on Error
costs; monitor expenses to stay within Tracking, Cost Variance, and Pair
budget. programming.

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Quality Management: Set product quality Interpretation of Earned Value Indicators:

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standards, conduct tests to ensure the

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product meets these standards before
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Earned Value (EV): Represents the value

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launch.
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of work actually performed. It is a

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Risk Management: Identify risks like
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measure of project progress.

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supplier delays, develop contingency plans.
Planned Valuev(PV): Represents the value
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Communication Management: Hold
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regular team meetings, update
date. b
of work planned to be done by a certain

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stakeholders through reports and emails.

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Resource Management: Allocate team
members to different tasks, ensure Actual Cost (AC): Represents the actual
equipment and materials are available cost incurred for the work performed by a
when needed. certain date.
Cost Variance (CV): Error Tracking:
CV=EV−AC Definition: Error tracking is the process of
Interpretation: Positive CV indicates the identifying, recording, and managing errors
project is under budget. Negative CV
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or defects in a project to ensure they are
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indicates the project is over budget.

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SV=EV−PV r
Schedule Variance (SV): Importance:
e a
e a li early.
Helps maintain product quality by

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project is ahead ofischedule. Negative SV
Interpretation: Positive SV indicates the
Provides datavfor analyzing trends and
identifying issues
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indicates thee v r
r project is behind schedule.
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improving processes.

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Ensures accountability and facilitates

@ CPI=EV/AC​
Cost Performance Index (CPI): communication among team members.

Example: Using an error tracking tool like JIRA,

Schedule Performance Index (SPI): where developers log software bugs, assign them to
SPI=EV/PV team members, and track their resolution status.
Cost Variance (CV): Pair Programming
Definition: Cost Variance is a key earned value Definition: Pair programming is an agile
indicator that measures the difference between software development technique where two

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the earned value (EV) and the actual cost programmers work together at one workstation.
(AC).
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One writes code (the "driver"), while the other

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reviews each line of code as it is written (the

Positive CV: Indicates ther

Interpretation:
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"observer" or "navigator").

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e a project is under Benefits:
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li expected.
budget, meaning the cost of the work
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Improves code quality through continuous

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performed is less than

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review.

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Negative CV: Indicates the project is over
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Enhances team collaboration and

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budget, meaning the cost of the work
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knowledge sharing.

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performed exceeds the budget. Reduces the likelihood of defects and
errors.
Example: If a project's EV is $50,000 and its Example: In a software development team, two
AC is $45,000, the CV is $5,000, indicating the developers work on the same piece of code
project is under budget. together, taking turns in writing and reviewing,
Discuss the different steps of Sequence Activities
preparing the schedule. What are the Description: Determine the logical
Inputs and outputs required by
order of tasks, considering
Schedule?
dependencies and constraints.

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Inputs: Activity list, activity attributes,

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Steps of Preparing the Schedule:

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milestones list, project scope

Description: Identify andn

Define Activities
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statement.
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Outputs: Project schedule network

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document
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diagrams, updated activity list and

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the specific tasks required to

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Inputs: Project iscope statement,
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attributes.

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complete the project.

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Estimate Activity Durations

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Description: Assess the amount of

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work breakdown structure (WBS),

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time each task will take to complete.
enterprise environmental factors,
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Inputs: Activity list, activity attributes,
organizational process assets.
resource requirements, resource
Outputs: Activity list, activity
calendars, project scope statement,
attributes, milestones list.
enterprise environmental factors.
 Outputs: Activity duration baseline, schedule data, project
estimates, basis of estimates. document updates.

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Develop Schedule Control Schedule

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Description: Create the project
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Description: Monitor the project

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schedule by combining activity
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status to update the project schedule

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sequences, durations, resource
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and manage changes to the schedule

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requirements, and constraints.

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baseline.

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Inputs: Activity list, activity
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Inputs: Project schedule, schedule

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attributes, project schedule network
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baseline, work performance data,

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diagrams, resource requirements,
bproject calendars, schedule data,

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resource calendars, activity duration
@ organizational process assets.

@estimates, scope statement,

enterprise environmental factors,
Outputs: Work performance
information, schedule forecasts,
organizational process assets. change requests, project management
Outputs: Project schedule (Gantt plan updates, project document
chart, network diagram), schedule updates.
@brevilearning