26 11 GRAMMAR Past simple of be was, you were Statements At 8.00 last night I was at home. Twas The was we were ‘you were she was they were it was Dave and Sue were at the cinema last night. It was very cold yesterday. Twas ill last week. Negatives We put not after was/were to make negatives. We also use the short forms wasn't/ weren't. I wasn’t here yesterday, Twas not The was not we were not I wasn't he wasn't we weren't ‘you were not she was not they were not you weren't she wasn't they weren't it was not it wasn't Kate wasn't happy at work last year. We weren't at home last night. Iwas late yesterday, Questions We put was before I, he, she, it, and were before you, we, they to make questions, Was it cold yesterday? Was I? Was he? Were we? Were you? Was she? Were they? Was it? Were you at home at 6.00 last night? Was Harry in London yesterday? Were you at school on Tuesday?GRAMMAR 11 PAST SIMPLE OF BE 1 Look at the pictures and complete the questions and answers. Liz and Jane: at school sw at home yesterday? 1+ She sane AS. AE EE, ChE. ..- at school yesterday? ‘Tom and Dan... at home yesterday? He wns at the cinema yesterday? and Jane . They 2. Use the prompts to make questions and negative sentences. eryauneune Jim / at home / last night “as Jim. at. home last wich you / at school / on Monday. the cinema / open / on Sunday .. all your friends / at your party Kevin and Mel / at my party, .Kewin.amd mel we Nick / in class yesterday... It/ warm yesterday ..... We / at the match yesterday...9 GRAMMAR Past simple (irregular verbs): affirmative Jwent Irregular verbs do not have -ed endings for the past simple. Each verb has its own form and we have to learn these forms go ————+ went eat. ——__-» ate come» came do ——» did have ————> had get ————> got take ————+ took bring —————> brought 50 eat Twent Late you went you ate he went he ate she went she ate it went itate we went we ate they went they ate Last week we went to the cinema. Pedro ate 10 cakes yesterday. Yesterday I drank ten colas. We made dinner last night. Task Complete the list. Use the words from the box. sent got did knew began flew brought took went had came told gave stood met made found wore drank ran Verb Past simple Verb —_—_—‘Past simple begin have bring know come make do meet drink run Jind send fy stand get take give tell go wear Now check your answers. Look at the list of irregular verbs on page 248. 2GRAMMAR 9 PAST SIMPLE (IRREGULAR): AFFIRMATIVE 1 Complete the sentences with the past simple form of the verbs in brackets. 1 The last lesson (begin) ........0894! ws at 2.30, 2 Joe (feel) . ill after lunch, 3. Suddenly a bird (fly) in the window! 4 I think you (do) the wrong thing, 5. Jane (get) ready very quickly. 6 We (know) .. ... the answer. 7 The students (stand)... .. up when the teacher arrived, 8 It was cold, but I (wear) . two pullovers. 9 Anna (eat) . two plates of spaghetti 10. Rick (tell). us the time, N Choose the correct words to complete this article about Sally Green. A day in the life of Sally Green Yesterday was a normal day for Sally Green, the writer. She (1) .©. up at 6.00. ‘She (2) ..... to the bathroom, and then she (3) ..... her clothes. After that she (4) ..... breakfast and (5) ..... the newspaper. Then she (6) ..... her bed. From 7.00 to 10.00 she (7) ..... in the living-room and (8) ..... television. Then she (9) ..... shopping. At 1.00 she (10) ... lunch she (12) ..... tea. Then she (15) . work. She (13) home and (11) ..... her lunch. After from 2.00 to 9.00. She (14) .... her friends at a nightclub. a lot of i Asday in ‘the /tife 1 A get B gets C got 2 A went B goed C goes 3A puton B putted on puts on 4 A cat B have C ate 5 A read B saw C readed 6 A made B make C making 7 A sat B sit C was 8 A watches B watched C wached 9A does B went Cc did 10 A comed B come C came 11 A has B had C have 12 A begin B beginned © began 13 A writes B write C wrote 14 A drinks B drunk © drank 15 A meets B met C meet 2310 = = GRAMMAR Past simple (irregular verbs): negative We didn’t go and questions Did you go? Negative Tdid not go The did not go wwe did not go I didn't go he didn't go we didn't go ‘you did not go she did not go they did not go you didn’t go she didn't go they didn't go it did not go it didn’t go We didn’t go to school last week. Sam didn’t eat an ice-cream yesterday. They didn’t give Jack a present. 1 didn’t have breakfast. Questions Did I go? Did he go? Did we go? Did you go? Did she go? Did they go? Did it go? Did you go to the cinema last night? Did you send me a letter last week? Where did you go yesterday? What did you do? In questions and negative sentences with did/didn', the main verb is not in the past form. I didn’t go to the cinema last night. Ididn'tawent to the cinema. X Pry12 GRAMMAR Past continuous: all forms ! was eating. He wasn’t eating. Were you eating? The past continuous describes a continuing situation in the past, We often interrupt a continuing situation with a sudden event. 6.30pm = 7pm = 7.30pm 8pm 8.30pm now —__ _--7- having my dinner phone rang ee Nadia phoned me at 7.30. Iwas having my dinner. Steve was eating in the restaurant when the fire started. ‘We form the past continuous with [was/were + verb +ing | Iwas watching Statements Last month I was working in Brazil. Jack and Tony were working in Italy. Twas eating. He waseating. We were eating. You were eating. She was eating. They were eating. It was eating. Negatives The teacher was talking, but Harry wasn't listening. Carmen wasn’t teaching in 1990, she was studying. was not = wasn't were not = weren't I wasn't eating. He wasn't eating. We weren't eating, You weren't eating. She wasn't eating. They weren't eating. It wasnit eating, Questions Was he listening? Were they working in the office? Were you eating when I phoned? Was I eating? ‘Was he eating? Were we eating? Were you eating? Was she eating? Were they eating? Was it eating? Wh- questions What were you doing at 6.00? Who was he talking to?GRAMMAR 12 PAST CONTINUOUS: ALL FORMS 1. Look at the picture of a classroom at 2.00 yesterday. Complete each sentence about it using a verb from the box. play football read-e- book draw pictures Anna was.reading.@.book. Paula and jim Tim. Kate and Bill sam ; Ed and Lisa... aueene 2 Write negative sentences. ‘Anna was drawing pictures. Amma wasn't drawing pletures.. Paula and Jim were looking out of the window... Tim was reading a bOOk, ..- Kate and Bill were writing on the board. Sam was playing football. Ed and Lisa were listening to music. auaene 3 Use the prompts to make questions. 1. Tim / draw pictures Yas. Thm. arawing pi Kate and Bill / look out of the window Ed and Lisa / read a book Paula and jim / write on the board Anna / play football. Sam / listen to music auaen2 13 GRAMMAR Past continuous / was watching TV... and past simple __... when Paul phoned. We often contrast a continuing situation (I was watching T Paul phoned) ...) with a sudden event © Example 1 I was watching TV when Paul phoned. (continuing situation) (sudden event) 6.20pm = 7pm = 7.30pm 8pm 8.30pm now watching TV telephone rang I started watching TV at 7.00. Paul phoned at 8.00. Iwas watching TV when Paul phoned. While I was watching TV, Paul phoned. @ Example 2 While I was waiting for the bus, I saw the accident. (continuing situation) (sudden event) 10am. am now saw accident —________> I started waiting for the bus at 10.00. I saw the accident at 10,30. Isaw the accident when I was waiting for the bus. Tsaw the accident while I was waiting for the bus. I was waiting for the bus when I saw the accident. When I saw the accident, Iwas waiting for the bus. © We use often use while with past continuous to mean during the time that something was happening. Questions What were you doing when I phoned? I was watching TV when you phoned. When did you see the accident? Isaw the accident while I was waiting for the bus.GRAMMAR 13 PAST CONTINUOUS AND PAST SIMPLE 11 Underline the correct verb form in each sentence. 1 While I was doing / did my homework, I had a good idea. Jim was breaking / broke his leg when he was playing golf. When I arrived, I was going / went into the kitchen. We were finding / found an old box while we were digging in the garden. I was seeing / saw an old friend while I was waiting for the train. While I had / was having a bath, the phone rang, auneun 2. Complete each sentence with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Chris (eat). 2 When I (come). (play) cnn 3. Peter (turn on) spaghetti every day last week. into the room, two boys .. football, . the TY, but nothing (happen) 4 While we (run) win the park, Mary (fall over) 5 While I (listen)... .to music, I (hear) .. the doorbell 6 1 (break) ... my pen while I (do)... homework. 3. Read the paragraph. Choose the most suitable word for each space. ast week my friend Sandy and I (1) A. to go to the beach on the bus. While we (2) ..... for the bus, it suddenly (3) .... to rain. We (4) ..... summer clothes, and we (5) ..... an umbrella. While we (6) ..... there in the rain, Sandy’s mother (7) ..... past, so we (8) ..... to her, Luckily, she (9) ..... us, and (10) ..... us home in the car, 1 Adecided B wasdeciding Cwere deciding 2 Awere wai B waiting Cwas waiting 3 Astart B was starting Cstarted 4 Awas wearing B wore C were wearing 5 Aweren'thaving —_B had C didn't have 6 Astood B were standing Cstanded 7 Adrived B driving Cadrove 8 Awere waving B waved Cwas waving 9 Anoticing B noticed C didn’t notice 10 A took B take Ctaked 334 14 GRAMMAR Past habits: used to [used to play tennis. We use used to when we describe a situation or habit in the past. We often contrast the past with the present. Tused to drink coffee every morning, but now I drink tea. Statements Tused to play tennis, Tused to play he used to play we used to play, etc. Negatives Sheila didn’t use to play basketball. I didn't use to play she didn't use to play —_we didn't use to play, etc. Questions Did they use to play football? Did he use to play? Did you use to play? Did they use to play? etc. © We can use used to with be, have and with verbs generally in present simple such as, like, own etc. Harry used to be the captain of the team Lused to like folk music, but I don't like it any more, © There is no present form of used to, Tused to work in London, but now I work in Manchester. © The past simple is also possible in these examples, but used to is more common. Thad a motorbike when I was younger. I played tennis, but now I play football.GRAMMAR 14 PAST HABITS: USED TO 1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 1 David 2 Anna ta 5 Carol 6 Jack 1 David / like ice cream / hate it Pav tile tee cream, but now he hates. it, 2. Anna / live in the country / in the city 3 Nick / walk to school / ride a bike 4 Kate / get up late / carly... 5 Carol / have short hair / long hair... 6 Jack / be short / tallELEMENTARY LANGUAGE PRACTICE 2 Look at the table below. Write sentences about the past. Use used to and didn’t use to. 200 years ago Lride horses v 2 drive cars x 3 make their own clothes v 4 go to the cinema x 5 wash their clothes by hand v 6 watch TV x 7 keep animals for food v 8 use computers x Two hundred years ago 1 people (ride)... horses. 2. they (drive) . cars, 3 they (make) their own clothes. 4 they (go to) _» the cinema. 5 they (wash) their clothes by hand. 6 they (watch) v 7 they (keep) animals for food. 8 they (use). computers. 3. Write statements, negatives or questions with used to. 1 Susan / have / a dog? (question) Rid. Susan.uee to. nave.a.dog?. 2. people / use / mobile phones (negative) 3. he/go/ swimming (statement) 4 they / like / jazz music? (question) 5 Olga’s family / live / in Moscow (statement) 6 we/ drink / coffee (negative) 7 my sister / watch / television (negative) 8 Tony/ work / ina bank? (question) 36GRAMMAR 14 PAST HABITS: USED TO 4 Rewrite each sentence or question so it has the same meaning. Use used to. 1 10 Iwas in the school tennis team. Lasse liane. .£alIaa eines KOA. Sophie had long hair when she was at school. Mary didn’t listen when her teachers Ricardo got up at 6.00 when he was training for the Olympics. What did you usually do on Saturday evenings? were speaking. Becky was afraid of dogs when she was a gil. We always gave our teachers presents at the end of term. Did you live next door to Mrs Harrison? My brother wore glasses when he was small. Did Martin learn German at school? 5 Complete the sentences with your personal details. eyaueune used to eat... Tused to hate a I didn’t use to drink .. Tused to read ... I didn’t use to watch .. used to get up at Lused to play . I didn’t use to have , but now I don't. but now I ove it. . but now Ido. but now I don’t. _. on television, but now I do. _-- on Saturdays, but now I dont 4 Dut now I play snr _ for breakfast, but now I do. 6 What did your grandparents and parents use to do? hy.grauvdfiter. asta. to Kod ht isk. ARM 37