As per MSBTE ‘ I’ Scheme Revised syllabus w.e.f.

2017-18

Basic Science
(BSC-22102)
For
First Year Diploma Course in Engineering
(Common for all branches)

SEMESTER – I

Prof. P. D. Korde Prof. A. R. Maner

M.Sc., M.Phil.(Physics) M. Tech. (Electronics)
Savitribai Phule Pune University, (I.I.T. New Delhi),
Lecturer, Science Department, Principal, Satara Polytechnic Satara.
Ekalavya Polytechnic,Pune

Prof. M. D. Thorat Prof. Mohd. Junaid

M.Sc.(Inorganic Chemistry) B.Ed. M.Sc.(Organic Chemistry)
Lecturer, Science Department, Lecturer,
K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik

Gigatech Publishing House

Igniting Minds
 Basic Science (BSC - 22102)
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 Preface

This Book 'Basic Science' is intended to be a textbook for students of First Year Engi-
neering Diploma of MSBTE. In most sciences, one generation years down what another has
built and what one has established another undoes. In Basic Science, each generation adds a
new story to the old structure. Keeping this in mind, this book is written to have a better intro-
duction of the Basic Science. This book is presented with simple but exact explanation of sub-
ject matter, application of each topic to real life, engineering problems, large number of illustra-
tive examples followed by well graded exercise. We have tried to be rigorous and precise in
presenting the concepts in very simple manner. We hope that the students will not only learn
some powerful concepts, but also will develop their ability to understand the concept and apply
it properly to solve engineering problems. We feel that faculty member will also enjoy reading
this book which is enriched with application of each topic.

Acknowledgment

We express our sincere thanks to Shri Babanrao Dhakne Honorable chairman of

Ekalavya Shikshan Sanstha’s Polytechnic Pune., Shri B.M. Khade CEO Ekalavya Shikshan
Sanstha’s Polytechnic Pune, Shri A. L. Pisal Principal of Eklavya Shikshan Sanstha’s Poly-
technic Pune & Staff members of Ekalavya Polytechnic for their Corporation.
Shri Balasaheb Wagh Honorable chairman of K. K. Wagh Education Society, Prof. P.
T. Kadave, Principal of K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Prof. Y. P. Mahajan, Head of Science De-
partment, K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Prof. P. N. Patil, Principal of Sandip Polytechnic, Prof. S.A
Jadhav, Head of Science Department Sandip Polytechnic. We would also like thank our de-
partment colleagues for their suggestions and timely help.
Any suggestions for the improvement of this book will be sincerely acknowledged and
incorporated in the next edition.
We are also thankful to Gigatech Publishing House TEAM for their continuous
support, hard work and patience in preparing this book.
 SYLLABUS
The following topics/subtopics should be taught and assessed in order to develop LOs in
cognitive domain for achieving the COs to attain the identified competency.
Unit Major Learning Outcomes Topics and Sub-topics
(in cognitive domain)
Physics
Unit – I 1a. Describe the concept of given 1.1 Unit, physical quantities :
Units and physical quantities with rel- fundamental and derived
Measurements evant unit of measurement. quantities and their units.
1b. Explain various systems of 1.2 Systems of unit : CGS, MKS,
units and its need for the FPS and SI.
measurement of the given 1.3 Dimensions, dimensional
physical quantites. formula.
1c. Determine the dimensions of 1.4 Errors, types of errors :
the given physical quantites. instrumental, systematic
1d. State the error in the given and random error, estima-
measurement with justifica- tion of errors : absolute,
tion. relative and percentage
error, significant figures.
Unit– II 2a. Calculate electric field, po- 2.1 Concept of charge, Cou-
Electricity, Mag- tential and potential differ- lomb’s inverse square law,
netism and Sem- ence of the given static Electric field, Electric field
iconductors charge. intensity, potential and po-
2b. Describe the concept of given tential difference.
magnetic intensity and flux 2.2 Magnetic field and magnet-
with relevant units. ic field intensity and its
2c. Explain the heating effect of units, magnetic lines of
the given electric current. force, magnetic flux.
2d. Apply laws of series and par- 2.3 Electric current, Ohm’s
allel combination in the giv- law, specific resistance,
en electric circuits. laws of series and parallel
2e. Distinguish the given con- combination of resistance,
ductors, semiconductors and heating effecting of electric
insulators on the basis of en- current.
ergy bands. 2.4 Conductors, Insulators and
2f. Explain the I – V characteris- Semiconductors, Energy
tics and applications of the bands, intrinsic and ex-
given p-n junction diodes. trinsic semiconductors.
 2.5 p-n junction diode, I-V
characteristics of p-n junc-
tion, applications of p-n
junction diode.
Unit– III 3a. Convert the given tempera- 3.1 Heat, temperature, tem-
Heat and Optics ture in different temperature perature scales.
scales. 3.2 Models of transfer of heat,
3b. Describe the properties of good and bad conductors
the given good and bad con- of heat, law of thermal
ductors of heat. conductivity.
3c. Relate the characteristics of 3.3 Boyle’s law, Charle’s law,
the three gas laws. Gay Lussac’s law, perfect
3d. Determine the relation be- gas equation.
tween specific heats for the 3.4 Specific heat of gas at con-
given materials. stant pressure and volume
(Cp and Cv), ratio of specific
heats.
3e. Distinguish the phenomena 3.5 Reflection, refraction, laws
of total internal reflection for of refraction, total internal
the given mediums. reflection.
3f. Describe light propagation in 3.6 Optical fiber : Principle,
the given type of optical fi- construction and path of
ber. light through optical fiber,
applications of optical fi-
bers.
Chemistry
Unit-IV 4a. Explain the properties of 4.1 Electronic theory of valen-
Chemical bond- given material based on the cy, chemical bonds : types
ing and Catalysis bond formation. and characteristics, elec-
4b. Describe the molecular trovalent bond, covalent
structure of given solid, liq- bond, coordinate bond,
uid and gases. hydrogen bond, metallic
4c. Describe the crystal struc- bond, metallic properties,
ture of the given solids. intermolecular force of at-
4d. Select the relevant catalyst traction.
for given application. 4.2 Molecular arrangement in
solid, liquid and gases.
4.3 Structure of solids : crystal-
line and amorphous solid,
properties of metallic sol-
ids-, unit cell – of simple
cubic, body centre cubic,
face centre cubic, hexago-
nal close pack crystals.
 4.4 Catalysis : Types of cataly-
sis, Catalyst, Types of Cata-
lyst, Positive Catalyst, Neg-
ative Catalyst, Auto – cata-
lyst, Catalytic Promoter
and Catalytic inhibitor, In-
dustrial Application of Cat-
alyst.
Unit –V 5a. Describe the phenomenon of 5.1 Corrosion : Types of corro-
Metal Corrosion, the given type of corrosion sion – Dry corrosion, Wet
its prevention and its prevention. corrosion. Oxidation cor-
and Electro- 5b. Identify the different factors rosion (Atmospheric cor-
chemistry affecting rate of corrosion rosion due to oxygen gas),
for the given type of materi- mechanism, Types of oxide
al. film, Wet corrosion mech-
5c. Select the protective anism (Hydrogen evolu-
measures to prevent the cor- tion in acidic medium)
rosion in the given corrosive 5.2 Concentration cell corro-
medium. sion – oxygen absorption
5d. Differentiate the salient fea- mechanism in neutral or
tures of the given electrolytic alkaline medium, Pitting
cell and electrochemical cell. corrosion, Waterline cor-
rosion, Crevice corrosion.
5e. Distinguish the given prima-
ry and secondary electrolytic 5.3 Factors affecting the rate
cells. of corrosion control : Mod-
ification of environment,
5f. Describe the process of elec-
Use of protective coatings
trolysis for the given electro-
– coating of less active
lyte.
metal like Tin (Tinning),
5g. Describe the process of elec- coating of more active
troplating of the given mate- metal like Zinc (Galvaniz-
rial. ing), Anodic and cathodic
protection, Choice of mate-
rial-using pure metal and
using metal alloys.
5.4 Electrolyte – strong and
weak, Non-Electrolyte,
Electrolyte cell, Electro-
chemical cell. Cathode, An-
ode, Electrode potential –
oxidation and reduction,
Construction and working
of Daniel cell Ionisation
and dissociation.
 5.5 Faradays first and second
law.
5.6 Primary cell and second-
ary cell Electrolysis -
Mechanism, Electroplating
and electro-refining of
copper.
Unit-VI Paints, 6a. Identify the in grdients of the 6.1 Paints : Purpose of apply-
Varnishes, Insu- given paints. ing paint, Characteristics of
lators, Polymer, 6b. Differentiate salient proper- paints, Ingredients of
Adhesives and ties of the given paint and paints, Function and Ex-
Lubricants varnish. amples of each ingredients.
6c. Describe the properties of 6.2 Varnish : Types, Differ-
insulating materials for the ence between paints and
given application. varnishes.
6d. Differentiate the given types 6.3 Insulators : Characteris-
of structural polymers. tics, Classification, Proper-
6e. Describe the polymerization ties and Application of
process of the given poly- Glass wool, Thermo Cole.
mer. 6.4 Polymer and Monomer,
6f. Explain the properties and Classification : on the basis
uses of the given polymer, of Molecular structure, on
elastomer and adhesive. the basis of monomers
(homo polymer and copol-
6g. Describe the application of
ymer), on the basis of
relevant adhesives required
Thermal behavior (Ther-
for the given material.
moplastics and Thermoset-
6h. Explain the properties of ting)
given type of lubricants.
6.5 Types Polymerization Re-
action, Addition Polymeri-
zation, Condensation
Polymerization, Synthesis,
properties and application
of Polyethylene, Polyvinyl
chloride, Teflon, Polysty-
rene, Phenol formalde-
hyde, Epoxy Resin.
6.6 Adhesives : Characteris-
tics, Classification and
their uses
6.7 Lubricants : Classification,
properties and applica-
tions.
 Suggested Specification Table for Question Paper Design:
Distribution of Theory Marks
Unit Teaching
Unit Title R U A Total
No. Hours
Level Level Level Marks
Physics
Units and Measure-
I 06 02 03 - 05
ments
Electricity, Mag-
II netism and Semicon- 14 03 05 08 16
ductors
III Heat and Optics 12 03 05 06 14
Chemistry
Chemical bonding
IV 08 02 03 04 09
and Catalysis
Metal Corrosion,
V prevention and Elec- 12 03 04 05 12
trochemistry
Paints, Varnishes,
Insulators, Polymer
VI 12 03 05 06 14
Adhesives and Lubri-
cants
Total 64 16 25 29 70

Legends:
R=Remember, U=Understand, A=Apply and above (Bloom’s Revised taxonomy)
Note:
This specification table provides general guidelines to assist student for their learning
and to teachers to teach and assess students with respect to attainment of LOs. The actual
distribution of marks at different taxonomy levels (of R, U and A) in the question paper
may vary from above table.
 Recommended by MSBTE Text Books and Reference Books
Text Books :
Sr. No. Title of Book Author Publication
1 Physics Textbook Narlikar, J.V.; Joshi, A. National Council of Education Re-
Part I – Class XI W.; Mathur, Anuradha; et search and Training, New Delhi,
al 2010, ISBN : 8174505083
2 Physics Textbook Narlikar, J.V.; Joshi, National Council of Education Re-
Part II – Class XI A.W.;Mathur, Anuradha; search and Training, New Delhi,
et al 2015, ISBN : 8174505660
3 Physics Textbook Narlikar, J.V.; Joshi, A.W.; National Council of Education Re-
Part I – Class XII Ghatak A. K. et al search and Training, New Delhi,
2013, ISBN : 8174506314
4 Physics Textbook Narlikar, J.V.; Joshi, A.W.; National Council of Education Re-
Part II – Class XII Ghatak A.K. et al search and Training, New Delhi,
2013, ISBN : 8174506713
5 Fundamentals of Physics Haliday, David ; Resnik, John Wiley and sons, Hoboken,
Robert and Walker, Jearl USA, 2014 ISBN : 812650823X
6 Engineering Chemistry Jain and Jain Dhanpat Rai and sons ; New Delhi,
2015, ISBN : 9352160002
7 Engineering Chemistry Dara, S. S. S. Chand. Publication, New Delhi,
2013, ISBN : 8121997658
8 Fundamental of electro- Bagotsky V.S. Wiley International N. J., 2005,
chemistry ISBN : 9780471700586.

Software/Learning Websites :
1. http:/nptel.ac.in/course.php?disciplineId=115
2. http:/nptel.ac.in/course.php?disciplinedId=104
3. http://hperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html
4. www.physicsclassroom.com
5. www.physics.org
6. www.fearofphysics.com.
7. www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone
8. www.science.howstuffworks.com
9. https://phet.colorado.edu
10. www.chemistryteaching.com
11. www.visionlearning.com
12. www.chem1.com
13. www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
14. www.rsc.org
15. www.chemcollective.org


 CONTENTS
UNIT : I - PHYSICS .
1. Units and Measurements 1.1 – 1.14
1.1 Introduction and Need of Measurements in Engineering and Science
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 Need for Measurement
1.1.3 Unit for Measurement
1.1.4 Requirements of Standard (Ideal) Unit (characteristics of a standard unit)
1.1.5 Fundamental quantities and units
1.1.6 Derived Units
1.1.7 Systems of Units
1.2 Accuracy and Errors in Measurement
1.2.1 Significant Figures
1.2.2 Rules for Determining the Significant Figures
1.2.3 Rules for Calculations
1.3 Dimensions of Physical Quantity and Dimensional Formulae
1.4 Error and Classification of Errors
1.4.1 Estimation of Errors

UNIT : II - PHYSICS.
2. Electrostatics and Electric Potential 2.1 – 2.10
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Concept of Charge
2.3 Coulomb’s Inverse Square Law
2.4 Electric Field
2.5 Potential Difference
2.6 Electric Potential
3. Current Electricity 3.1 – 3.14
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electric Current
3.2.1 Definition
3.3 Resistance (R), Specific Resistance
3.3.1 Resistance Depends on Following Factors
3.3.2 Specific Resistance () or Resistivity
3.4 Ohm’s Law
3.5 Circuit Diagram of Verification of Ohm’s Law (Voltmeter- Ammeter Method)
3.6 Direct Current Circuits (Resistors in Series)
3.6.1 Series Combination of Resistances
3.7 Parallel Combination of Resistances
3.7.1 Resistors in Parallel
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Igniting Minds
First Year (Diploma) (Sem. I) Basic Science 2 Contents

4. Magnetism 4.1 – 4.03

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Magnetic Field, Magnetic Intensity
4.3 Magnetic Lines of Force
4.4 Comparison between Electric Field and Magnetic Field
5. Semiconductor Theory and Junction Diode 5.1 – 5.16
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Definition Semiconductor
5.3 Band Theory or Formation of Energy Bands
5.3.1 Band Gap : (Energy Gap / Forbidden Gap)
5.3.2 Valance Band
5.3.3 Conduction Band
5.4 Band Diagrams Conductor, Insulator, Semiconductors
5.4.1 Conductor
5.4.2 Insulator
5.4.3 Semiconductor
5.4.4 Energy Band Structure of a Semiconductor
5.4.5 Classification of Materials into Conductors, Semiconductor and Insulators on the
Basis of Band Theory
5.5 Intrinsic Semiconductor
5.6 Extrinsic (Doping or Impure) Semiconductor
5.6.1 Doping of Pure Semiconductor
5.7 Junction Diode
5.7.1 Formation of p-n Junction
5.7.2 Forward Biased p-n Junction Diode
5.7.3 Reversed Biased p-n Junction Diode

UNIT : III - PHYSICS.

6. Heat 6.1 – 6.16
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Internal Energy
6.3 Temperature
6.4 Temperature Scales or Units of Temperature
6.5 Heat
6.6 Units of Heat
6.7 Difference between Heat and Temperature
6.8 Calorie
6.9 Absolute Zero Temperature (0°K)
6.10 Modes of Transfer of Heat-conduction
6.10.1 Good Conductors
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First Year (Diploma) (Sem. I) Basic Science 3 Contents

6.11 Convection
6.12 Convection Power Tower
6.13 Radiation
6.14 Law of Thermal Conductivity
6.14.1 Thermal Conductivity (K)
6.15 Heating Effect of Electric Current or Joule’s Heating Effect
6.15.1 Joule’s Heating Effect
6.15.2 Applications of Joule’s Heating Effect
6.16 Joule’s Law
7. Gas Laws and Specific Heats of Gases 7.1 – 7.18
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Gas Laws
0
7.3 Absolute Zero (0 K) Temperature
7.4 Absolute or Kelvin Scale of Temperature
7.5 Gas Equation or Ideal Gas Equation
7.6 Universal Gas Constant
7.7 Specific Heats of a Gas
7.8 Specific Heat of a Gas at Constant Volume (Cv)
7.9 Specific Heat of a Gas at Constant Pressure (Cp)
7.10 Ratio of two Specific Heats of a Gas
7.11 Relation between Cp and Cv (Mayor’s Relation)
7.12 Important Formulae
8. Optics : Reflection of Light 8.1 – 8.19
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Reflection of Light
8.2.1 Regular Reflection
8.3 Properties of Light
8.3.1 Reflection
8.4 Refraction of Light
8.4.1 Angle of Refraction
8.4.2 Snell’s Law of Refraction
8.4.3 Laws of Refraction
8.4.4 Refractive Index
8.5 Introduction to Total Internal Reflection
8.5.1 Total Internal Reflection Concept
8.6 Application of Total Internal Reflection
8.7 Important Formulae

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Igniting Minds
First Year (Diploma) (Sem. I) Basic Science 4 Contents

9. Fibre Optics 9.1 – 9.05

9.1 Introduction to Optical Fibre
9.2 Principle of Optical Fibre
9.2.1 Fibre optic cables
9.3 Structure of Optical Fibres
9.4 Propagation in Optical Fibres
9.5 Acceptance Angle (a)
9.6 Summary of Terms

UNIT : IV – CHEMISTRY .
10. Chemical Bonding and Catalysis 10.1 – 10.12
10.1 Electronic Theory of Valency
10.2 Molecular Arrangements
10.3 Structures of Solids
10.4 Catalysis

UNIT : V – CHEMISTRY .
11. Metal Corrosion, its Prevention and 11.1 – 11.21
Electrochemistry
11.1 Corrosion
11.2 Mechanism of Electrochemical Corrosion
11.3 Factors Affecting Rate of Corrosion
11.4 Electrolyte
11.5 Faradays First and Second Law
11.6 Primary Cell

UNIT : VI – CHEMISTRY.
12. Paints, Varnishes, Insulators, Polymer, 12.1 – 12.27
Adhesives and Lubricants
12.1 Paints
12.2 Varnishes
12.3 Insulators
12.4 Polymers
12.5 Types of Polymerization Reaction
12.6 Adhesives
MCQs Physics P.1 – P.13

MCQs Chemistry C.1 – C.14


Gigatech Publishing House
Igniting Minds
 Physics
Unit I to III

Unit – I
Units and Measurements
Chapter No. Chapter Name
1. Units and Measurements
 Basic Science Semester I (Common for
all branches)

Author : P D Korde, A R
Publisher : Gigatech Publishing
ISBN : 9788193414095 Maner, M D Thorat And
House
Mohd Junaid

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