CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1
 1.1 INTRODUCTION
The project gives an overview about solar energy products, solar energy is a powerful sources
of energy that can be used to heat cool, and light homes and business. Solar energy is radiant
light and heat from the sun is harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar power to
generate electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar water heating) and solar
architecture. Householders awareness and attitude towards solar energy product pivotal role
in the adoption of sustainable energy. Solution awareness involves and understanding the
knowledge base within households about solar technology. Its advantages and environmental
benefit attitude on the other hand encompasses take willingness and openness of households
to embrace solar energy solution. Efforts to increase awareness often involve educational
campaigns disseminating information about the cost effectiveness, environmental impact. and
Long Term savings associated with solar energy addressing misconception and highlighting
the case of integration into daily life are coroutine components of these campaigns
understanding and positively influencing attitude require considering factors such as
economic Consideration culture perceptions and perceived barriers to adoption. Government,
Nous, business can contribute by providing incentives, subsidies and assessable financing
option. In summery foresting awareness and cultivating positive attitude are essential for
promoting widespread acceptance and adoption of solar energy products in households. The
project has a large potential to find out the solution of power deficit and energy crisis In the
Palakkad district and also, during rainy season there is no power in the urban rural area
because the local government shutdown power in order to avoid the damages. The installation
of renewable energy devices in the home brings solution of light during rainy season The
project gives response to the social problem of energy crisis and climate change. There are
also many barrier and challenges. Lack of awareness of solar energy among the people is very
common in the city and village. They are ready to accept the solar technology as they don’t
know much about the significant of the technology. They are not motivated to accept it.
Moreover the cost of solar is very high in comparison with other renewable energy like wind.
This could be another reason people do not adopt it.

2
 1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted to find out the awareness of solar energy device among the people
from different localities. People from rural areas especially from educationally and
economically backward areas are not much aware about the availability and use of solar
energy products. Use of solar energy among households is to be promoted. It is very helpful
in conservation of energy

3
 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study was conducted to identify "AWARENESS AND ATTITUDEOF HOUSEHOLDS

TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
PATTAMBI TALUK" most of people are not aware about solar products due to the lack of
knowledge. So this study helps to make effective awareness among the people about solar
products.

4
 1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 To understand the awareness of households towards solar energy products.

 To study the attitude of the consumer towards solar energy device available in the
market.
 To study about consumer satisfaction towards solar energy devices.
 To know the reason for choosing solar energy devices over electricity devices.

5
 1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a systematic way to solve research problem. It is the description,

explanation and justification of various methods of conducting research. The process used to
collect information and data for the purpose of making the study. The methodology may
include published researches, interviews, surveys and other research techniques and could
include both present and historical information.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The study to identify the attitude and awareness of the households on solar energy products
this study is designed to understand the consumer’s satisfaction towards solar energy devices.

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

A study, which wants to portray the characteristics of a group or individual or situation, is

known as descriptive study. So here in this study the researcher has used descriptive study for
collecting the data.

SAMPLE DESIGNS

The sample design provides information on the target and final sample sizes, strata
definitions and the sample selection methodology.

SAMPLE SIZE

In this study the researcher has to take one district for data collection, Palakkad and the
researcher has covered the 50 customer of the district.

SAMPLE METHOD

The sampling technique is used convenient sampling.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY
The period of the study is just 21 days.

6
1.6 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION

There are two types of sources for collecting data for any study; they are primary source and
secondary source.

• PRIMARY DATA

The study mainly used primary data. All the primary information is collected directly from
the sample pool with the help of structured questionnaire. And the questionnaire was
distributed to the customers.

• SECONDARY DATA

For this study secondary data also has been used from various published sources like books,
websites etc.

TOOLS OF ANALYSIS

For this study, the researcher has used many analysis tools are Percentage Simple average.

7
 1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• The time available for conducting the study was limited.

• The study restricted with in a particular place.

• The number of respondent is limited.

• The respondents were not ready to answer a long series of questions.

8
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

9
Singh SN (2012) : In this journal, author has focused on use of LED lamps which is one
of the solar power devices. Solar (PV) photovoltaic home lighting system can be used for
portable lantern lighting, street lighting and home/community house lighting applications.
The comparison of CFL and LED is done under this study and it was found that LEDs are
more penetrating with its downsizing of the lamp size, low power requirement as compared to
conventional lighting system.

Arvizu and Balaya (2012): the study says that of all renewable sources of energy if
used in best of its potential will impact the environment. It is stated that if direct solar energy
is the most abundant of all and also provide opportunities for positive social impact. Over the
last 30 years, there has been cost reduction in solar technology and hence potential
deployment scenario for solar energy to become one of the major sources of energy Supply
by 2050.

Karim (2012) : Paper summarizes that rural electrification through solar system is
becoming more popular in remotes & inaccessible areas but the intensified competition
challenges make customer satisfaction an essential prerequisite for achieving a sustainable
competitive advantage & overall success of solar lighting systems. It may have a profound
and farreaching economic, sociocultural and demographic impact on life and living of rural
people.

Sinha and Joshi (2012) : Authors study the status of solar PV research in India in
relation to its aspect pattern of output, impact of research, etc. It focuses on comprehensive
mapping of solar PV R & D capability of India that should be taken on priority bases to make
effective strategies to take advantage of supportive policies of the govt. Even being the first
country in the world to have dedicated ministry of renewable energy, India still lags far
behind in solar energy technology competence, generation and utilization.

Biswas B, Mukherjee S (2013) : the study has emphasized on comparative study of

solar based lighting system and fuel based lighting system in remote areas where grid
connection is yet to get installed on larger scale. Thus, the use of fuel based lighting system is
used in such areas. To meet the power demand of these areas solar energy can play a vital
role. When solar 10 based lighting system was compared with conventional 10 fuel based
lighting, it was found that solar system is much cost effective, efficient and ecofriendly.
10
Burogohain (2013): Author has summarized that rural electrification through solar
devices has huge impact on the living standards of villagers. It gives them safety and security
over kerosene lamps with an economic advantage, light for children to study, hence boasting
child education, reduction in crime rates due to availability of light in village surroundings
etc.

Agrawal R. K (2013) : in this paper, authors have focused usage of thermocouple

energy. Solar heat & thermal energy which generates from natural hot water sources
combined together generates thermocouple power. Though thermoelectric technology has
been in use for over 50 years in commercial and industrial use, there is not much
advancement in the technology as it has been truly underestimated.

Panwar V and Kaur T (2014) :Authors have studied renewable energy resources of
India and its importance to generate power in near future. From this literature it can be
concluded that the sun provides 1000 times more power than we need. If we can use 5% of
this energy, it will be 50 times what world will require. Solar thermal principles can be used
to produce hot fluids or air to produce electricity. Using solar power to produce electricity can
be a great option of replacement to fossil fuel based energy systems.

Thilagavathi and Mownica (2014) : it can be stated from the study that solar power is
emerging as one of the best alternatives to electricity. It comes up as the clean green
electricity. Its various applications have become saviors to power cuts, lower availability of
grid electricity, etc. Solar water heater has evolved as the most popular device that reduces
electricity consumption to more than 30%. Study has evaluated the customer satisfaction and
factors influencing customer sot purchase these products, etc. It focuses on customer's needs
and wants and hence, manufactures can achieve customer satisfaction by giving more user
friendly, innovative and cost effective products.

Venkatraman and Sheeba (2014) : the findings of the paper suggest that customers
attribute toward solar devices is changing and there has been an increase in the awareness of
the benefits of solar energized devices over electric devices. Report concludes that 11
customer's attitude is influenced by many factors including changing trends, education
qualification of customer, standard of living of people, etc.

11
Divya and Regi (2014) : Authors discuss about the unawareness of solar energy products
and its high cost. Authors promote the use of these devices because of its effectiveness and
usage in advanced world. Various products are solar cell phone charger, solar air
conditioners, solar fans, solar street lights, solar traffic lights, solar lamps, etc. Though solar
lamps would not provide as much light as the line powered lighting system but they are easily
installed and maintained and are cheaper alternative to wired lighting system

12
 CHAPTER 3

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

13
 MEANING OF SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever
evolving technologies such as solar heating. Photovoltaic solar thermal energy, solar
architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source
of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or
active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar
power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar
power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include
orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light-
dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. Solar power industry
has gain a pace in its development and it’s system are now available for commercial as well
as domestic use with enhanced advantages at minimal cost of maintenance of solar power
system or devices has become financially viable with various government initiated tax
incentives, subsidies scheme and rebates with the increase of literacy and social responsibility
in people, the solar energy devices has increasing attention in the recent scenario. There has
been many researches being conducted with the help of government funds and many
industries have started manufacturing different solar energy devices with the view of
electricity conservation and eco-friendly environment.

14
TYPES OF SOLAR PRODUCTS

SOLAR CHARGER

A solar charger employs solar energy to supply electricity to devices or charge batteries.
They are generally portable. Solar chargers can charge lead acid or NiCd battery banks up to
48 V and hundreds of ampere-hours (up to 4000 Ah) capacity. Such type of solar charger
setups generally uses an intelligent charge controller. A series of solar cells are installed in a
stationary location (i.e. rooftops: of homes, base-station locations on the ground etc.) and can
be connected to a battery bank to store energy for off-peak usage. They can also be used in
addition to mains supply chargers for energy saving during the daytime.

SOLAR COOKER

A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurize
drink. Many solar cookers currently in use inexpensive, low-tech devices, although some are
as powerful or as expensive as traditional stoves, and advanced, largescale solar cookers can
cook for hundreds of people. Because they use no fuel and cost nothing to operate, many
nonprofit organizations are promoting their use worldwide in order to help reduce fuel costs
(especially where are relatively monetary reciprocity is low) and air pollution, and to slow
down the deforestation and desertification caused by gathering firewood for cooking.

SOLAR INVERTER

A Solar inverter, or converter or PV inverter, converts the variable direct current (DC) output
of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be
fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local. Off-grid electrical network. It is a
critical balance of system (BOS) component in a photovoltaic system, allowing the use of
ordinary AC-powered equipment.

15
SOLAR LAMP

A solar lamp also known as solar light or solar lantern, is a lighting system
composed of an LED lamp, solar panels, battery, charge controller and there
may also be an inverter. The lamp operates on electricity from batteries, charged
through the use of solar photovoltaic panel. Solar-powered household lighting
can replace other light sources like candles or kerosene lamps. Solar lamps have
a lower operating cost than kerosene lamps because renewable energy from the
sun is free, unlike fuel. In addition, solar lamps 15 produce no indoor air pollution
unlike kerosene lamps. However, solar lamps generally have a higher initial cost, and are
weather dependent.

SOLAR WATER HEATER

Solar water heating is the conversion of sunlight into heat for water heating using a solar
thermal collector. A variety of configurations are available at varying co to provide solutions
in different climates and latitudes. SWHS are widely used for residential and some industrial
applications. A Sun-facing collector heats a working fluid that passes into a storage system
for later use. SWH are active (pumped) and passive (convection-driven). They use water
only, or both water and a working fluid. They are heated directly or via light-concentrating
mirrors. They operate independently or as hybrids with electric or gas heaters. In large-scale
installations, mirrors may concentrate sunlight into a smaller collector.

SOLAR STREET LIGHT

Solar streetlights are raised light sources which are powered by photovoltaic panels generally
mounted on the lighting structure or integrated in the pole itself. The photovoltaic panels
charge a rechargeable battery, which powers a fluorescent or LED lamp during the night.

SOLAR-POWERED RADIO

A solar powered radio is a portable radio receiver powered by photovoltaic panels. It is

primarily used in remote areas where access to power sources is limited.
16
SOLAR-POWERED REFRIGERATOR

A solar-powered refrigerator is a refrigerator which runs on energy directly provided by sun,

and may include photovoltaic or solar thermal energy. Solar powered refrigerators are able to
keep perishable goods such as meat and dairy cool in hot climates, and are used to keep much
needed vaccines at their appropriate temperature to avoid spoilage. Solar-powered
refrigerators are typically used in off-the-grid locations where utility provided AC power is
not available.

SOLAR-POWERED WATCH

A solar-powered watch or light- powered watch is a watch that is powered entirely or partly
by a solar cell. Some of the early solar watches of the 1970s had innovative and unique
designs to accommodate the array of photovoltaic solar cells needed to power them
(Synchronal, Nepro, Sicura and some models by Cristalonic, Alba, Rhythm, Seiko and
Citizen). In the 1990s, Citizen started to sell light-powered watches under the EcoDrive series
name. Since their introduction, photovoltaic devices have greatly improved their efficiency
and there bytheir capacity. Watchmakers have developed their technology such that solar-
powered watches are now a major part of their range of watches. Several other watch
manufacturers offer similar watches or are developing such technology.

SOLAR-POWERED CALCULATOR

Solar-powered calculators are hand-held electronic calculators powered by solar cells

mounted on the device. They were introduced at the end of the 1970s.

SOLAR VEHICLE

A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar

energy.
Usually, photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels convert the sun’s energy directly
into electric energy. The term “solar vehicle” usually implies that solar energy is used to

17
power all or part of a vehicle’s propulsion. Solar power may be also used to provide power
for communications or controls or other auxiliary functions. Solar vehicles are not sold as
practical day-to-day transportation devices at present, but are primarily demonstration
vehicles and engineering exercises, often sponsored by government.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR

ADVANTAGES

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE: Among all the benefits of solar panels, the most
important thing is that solar energy is a truly renewable energy source. It can be harnessed in
all areas of the world and is available every day. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike
some of the other sources of energy. Solar energy will be accessible as long as we have the
sun; therefore sunlight will be available to us for at least 5 billion years when according to
scientists the sun is going to die.

TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT: Technology in the solar power industry is constantly

advancing and improvements will intensify in the future. Innovations in quantum physics and
nanotechnology can potentially increase the effectiveness of solar panels and double, or even
triple, the electrical input of the solar power systems.

LOW MAINTENANCE COSTS: Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of
maintenance. You only need to keep them relatively clean, so cleaning them a couple of times
per year will do the job. If in doubt, you can always rely on specialized cleaning companies,
which offer this service from around £25-£35. Most reliable solar panel manufacturers give
2025 years warranty. Also, as there are no moving parts, there is no wear and tear. The
inverter is usually the only part that needs to change after 5-10 years because it is
continuously working to convert solar energy into electricity (solar PV) and heat (solar
thermal). Apart from the inverter, the cables also need maintenance to ensure your solar
power system runs at maximum efficiency. So, after covering the initial cost of the solar
system, you can expect very little spending on maintenance and repair work.

DIVERSE APPLICATIONS: Solar energy can be used for diverse purposes. You can
generate electricity (photovoltaic) or heat (solar thermal). Solar energy can be used to
produce electricity in areas without access to the energy grid, to distill water in regions with

18
limited clean water supplies and to power satellites in space. Solar energy) can also be
integrated into the materials used for buildings not long ago Sharp introduced transparent
solar energy windows.

REDUCES ELECTRICITY BILLS: Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs
with the electricity your solar system has generated, your energy bills will drop. How much
you save on your bill will be dependent on the size of the solar 19 system and your electricity
or heat usage. Moreover, not only will you be saving on the electricity bill, but if you
generate more electricity than you use, the surplus will be exported back to the grid and you
will receive bonus payments for that amount (considering that your solar panel system is
connected to the grid). Savings can further grow if you sell excess 18 electricity at high rates
during the day and then buy electricity from the grid during the evening when the rates are
lower.

DISADVANTAGES

COST: The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. Although the UK
government has introduced some schemes for encouraging the adoption of renewable energy,
sources, for example, the Feed-in Tariff, you still have to cover the upfront costs. This
includes paying for solar panels, inverter, batteries, and wiring for the installation.
Nevertheless, solar technologies are constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices
will go down in the future.

SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE IS EXPENSIVE: Solar energy has to be used right away, or
it can be stored in large batteries. These batteries, used in of the-grid solar systems, can be
charged during the day so that the energy is used at night. This is a good solution for using
solar energy all day long but it is also quite expensive. In most cases, it is smarter to just use
solar energy during the day and take energy from the grid during the night (you can only do
this if your system is connected to the grid), Luckily our energy demand is usually higher
during the day so we can meet most of it with solar energy.

19
WEATHER DEPENDENT: Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and
rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system drops. Solar panels are dependent on sunlight to
effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a noticeable
effect on the energy system. You should also take into account that solar energy cannot be
collected during the night. On the other hand, if you also require your water heating solution
to work at night or during wintertime, thermodynamic panels are an alternative to consider.

ASSOCIATES WITH POLLUTION: Although pollution related to solar energy systems is

far less compared to other sources of energy, solar energy can be associated with pollution.
Transportation and installation of solar systems have been 20 associated with the emission of
greenhouse gases. There are also some toxic materials and hazardous products used during
the manufacturing process of solar photovoltaic, which can indirectly affect the environment.
Nevertheless, solar energy pollutes far less than the other alternative energy sources.

USES A LOT OF SPACE: The more electricity you want to produce, the more solar panels
you will need because you want to collect as much sunlight as possible. Solar panels require a
lot of space and some roofs are not big enough to fit the number of solar panels that you
would like to have An alternative is to install some of the panels in your yard but they need to
have access to sunlight. Anyways, if you don't have the space for 19 all the panels that you
wanted, you can just get a fewer and they will still be satisfying some of your energy needs.

20
 CHAPATER 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

21
 4.1) TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS

GENDER NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

MALE 30 60%
FEMALE 20 40%
OTHER 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.1

INTERPRETATION:

It shows that among 50 respondents (60%) are male and the remaining 20(40%) are female.

22
4.2) TABLE SHOWING AGE OF RESPONDENTS
AGE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

BELOW 20 3 6%

20-40 30 60%

ABOVE 40 17 34%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.2

INTERPRETATION:
From the age ways classification most of the respondents are in group 20-40 (60%) and only
6% belonging to the age below 20 and above 40 is 34%.

23
4.3) TABLE SHOWING
OCCUPATION OF RESPONDENTS
OCCUPATION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STUDENT 3 6%

SELF OCCUPIED 14 28%

SEARCHING JOB 6 12%

GOV EMPLOYEE 5 10%

OTHERS 22 44%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.3

Source : Primary data

INTERPRETATION:
From the above table majority (44%) of respondents are in other group, 28% self-occupied,
12% are searching job, 10% are government employee and 6% are students

24
4.4) TABLE SHOWING MONTHLY INCOME OF RESPONDENTS
MONTHLY INCOME NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
LESS THAN 10000 2 4%

10000-30000 17 34%

30000-50000 28 56%

MORE THAN 50000 3 6%

TOTAL 50 100%

DIAGRAM NO: 4.4

Source : Primary data

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it can be concluded that majority of respondents are from the income
group 30000-50000 and least are from less than 10000.

25
4.5) TABLE SHOWING QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS
QUALIFICATION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

HIGH SCHOOL 3 6%

HIGHER SECONDARY 9 18%

GRADUATION 25 50%

POST GRADUATION 10 20%

PHD GRADUATION 3 6%

TOTAL 50 100%

DIAGRAM: 4.5

Source : Primary data

INTERPRETATION:
Majority of respondents (50%) have only graduation qualification, and least respondents are
from the group high school and phd graduation that is 6%.

26
4.6) TABLE SHOWING HEARED ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY
PARTICULARS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
YES 50 100%

NO 0 0%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.6

INTERPRETATION:

All respondents are responded heared about solar energy.

27
4.7) TABLE SHOWING USING OF SOLAR ENERGY
GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 47 94%

NO 3 6%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.7

INTERPRETATION:

maJority of respondents (94%) have using solar energy, only few of respondents (6%) are
not using solar energy sources.

28
4.8) TABLE SHOWING REASON OF THE NON USAGE OF
SOLAR ENERGY
REASON NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

NOT INTRESTED 29 58%

IGNORED 10 20%

COST 11 22%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.8

INTERPRETATION: most of peoples in nonusers of solar energy are (58%) not

intrested to the solar energy power Sourses and others are ignored because of the high initial
cost of solar power resources.

29
4.9) TABLE SHOWING KNOWLEDGE OF RESPONDENTS
ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY
KNOWLEDGE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 50 100%

NO 0 0%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.9

INTERPRETATION:
All respondents have better knowledge about solar energy.

30
4.10) TABLE SHOWING MAIN REASON THAT LEAD TO
SOLAR ENERGY
REASONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

ECONOMICS 19 38%

HIGH ELECTRICITY BILL 17 34%

POWERCUT 11 22%

EFFICIENCY 3 65%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.10

INTERPRETATION: Main reasons for leads the respondents to solar energy are
economical, high electricity bill power cut and efficiency problems of other energy sourses.

31
4.11) TABLE SHOWING SOLAR POWER SOLUTIONS WOULD
LIKE TO USE
USAGE NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
SOLAR HOME LIGHTING 26 52%
SYSTEM
SOLAR WATER HEATER 08 16%
SYSTEM
SOLAR POWER ADD ON TO 16 32%
CHARGE INVERTER BATTERY

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.11

INTERPRETATION: Most of respondents are using solar energy power to run

home light systems and inverter system.

32
 4.12) TABLE SHOWING THE RATE OF INSTALLATION OF
SOLAR POWER SYSTEM
YEAR NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

2010 11 22%

2010-2017 24 48%

AFTER 2020 15 30%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.12

INTERPRETATION:

The diagram shows that most of solar installation done at the time between2010-2017 (48%).

33
4.13) TABLE SHOWING SOURSE OF INFORMATION ABOUT
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
SOURSE OF NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
INFORMATION
TELEVISION 13 26%

INTERNET 17 34%

NEWS PAPER 14 28%

WORD OF MOUTH 6 12%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.13

INTERPRETATION: Most of respondents have get the information about solsr energy
from televisions and other social media networks.

34
 4.14) TABLE SHOWING MAIN DRAWBACKS OF SOLAR ENERGY
SYSTEM
DRAWBACKS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
CLIMATE CHANGE 20 40%

INSTALLATION CHARGE 15 30%

PRODUCT CHANGE 14 28%

INSTALLATION SPACE 1 2%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.14

INTERPRETATION:

Most of respondents are faced climate change (40%) as a main drawback from solar energy
system and other respondents are faced installation charge and product change.

35
4.15) TABLE SHOWING CAPACITY OF SOLAR SYSTEM
INSTALLED IN HOUSES
CAPACITY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

BELOW 500W 18 36%

500-1000W 25 50%

ABOVE 1000W 7 14%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.15

INTERPRETATION:
Most of respondents are installed solar energy system (50%)
have between 500-1000w capacity

36
4.16) TABLE SHOWING THE KNOWLEDGE OF RESPONDETS
ABOUT SOLAR PANEL AND RELATED PRODUCTS
KNOWLEDGE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

VERY LOW 20 40%

LOW 14 28%

MODERATE 9 18%

HIGH 5 10%

VERY HIGH 2 4%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.16

INTERPRETATION: Most of respondents haven’t any knowledge about solar energy

system and related products.

37
 4.17) TABLE SHOWING PERCEPTION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF
SOLAR ENERGY IN REDUCING HOUSEHOLDERS
ELECTRICITY BILL
PERCEPTION NO OF PERCENTSGE
RESPONDENTS
VERY EFFECTIVE 15 30%
SOME WHAT EFFECTIVE 18 36%
NATURAL 10 20%
NOT VERY EFFECTIVE 4 8%
NOT AT ALL EFFECTIVE 3 6%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.17

INTERPRETATION:
Most of respondents have got effectiveness of solar energy in reducing household elecricity
bill.

38
4.18) TABLE SHOWING BELIEVE OF RESPONDENTS INVESTING
IN SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS IS FINANCIALLY VALUABLE
OPINION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES, DEFINITILY 15 30%

YES, BUT ONLY IN THE 18 36%
LONG TERM
UNSURE 14 28%
NO,NOT AT ALL 3 6%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.18

INTERPRETATION:

Major no of respondents are believe in solar energy product is financially valuable for
households.

39
 4.19) TABLE SHOWING FACTORS INFLUANCE TO MAKE A
DECISION ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS
FACTORS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
INITIAL INTALLATION COST 17 34%
POTENTIAL LONG TERM 13 26%
SAVINGS
UNAVAILABILITY OF 10 20%
GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES OR
REBATES
CONCERN ABOUT 3 6%
MAINTANANCE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.19

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

INTERPRETATION: Major factors influence in the decision of respondents to non

consider the solar energy products because of the high initial cost and unavailability of
government incentives.

40
4.20) TABLE SHOWING CONSIDERATION OF INSTALLING
SOLAR PANELS OR OTHER SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS
CONSIDERATION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

EXTREMELY LIKELY 21 42%

LIKELY 17 34%

UNSURE 8 16%

UNLIKELY 4 8%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.20

INTERPRETATION:

Most of respondents are extremely like to consider solar energy (42%).

41
 4.21) TABLE SHOWING PRIMARY REASONS FOR
NOT CONSIDERING SOLAR PANELS
REASONS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
LACK OF INFORMATION 8 16%

HIGH INITIAL COST 19 38%

DOUBT ABOUT 17 34%

EFFECTIVENESS
CONCERNS ABOUT 6 12%
MAINTANANCE OF
RELIABILITY
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.21

INTERPRETATION:

Major primary reason for not considering solar panels is high initial cost of solar energy
system(38%).

42
 4.22) TABLE SHOWING THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WORKING
OF SOLAR PANELS
GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 49 98%

NO 1 2%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.22

INTERPRETATION:

Most of respondents have knowledge about how solar panels produces elecricity(98%).

43
 4.23) TABLE SHOWING RESEARCH AND INFORMATIN
ABOUT INSTALLING SOLAR ENERGY IN
HOUSEHOLDS
GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 48 96%

NO 2 4%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.23

INTERPRETATION:

Most of respondents have researched and got detailed information about installing of solar
energy system(96%).

44
 4.24) TABLE SHOWING AWARENESS OF GOVERNMENT
INCENTIVES OR REBATE
GROUPS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 50 100%

NO 0 0%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.24

INTERPRETATION:

All respondents have awareness of government incentives or rebate.

45
4.25) TABLE SHOWING SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCT CAN
SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCEELECTRICITY BILLS FOR
HOUSEHOLDS
GROUP NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
YES 49 98%

NO 1 2%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.25

INTERPRETATION:

Most of respondents are believe that solar energy product can significantly reduce electricity
bills for households.

46
4.26) TABLE SHOWING CONVIENCE IN SOLAR ENERGY
PRODUCT INVESTMENT
GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
YES 49 98%
NO 1 2%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.26

INTERPRETATION:

Most of respondents are convinced that investing in solar energy product is financially viable
for households.

47
4.27) TABLE SHOWING CONSIDER OF INSTALLING SOLAR
PANELS OR OTHER SOLAR PRODUCTS IN NEAR FUTURE
GROUPS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
YES 47 94%
NO 3 6%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.27

INTERPRETATION:

Most of respondents are considering solar energy products in near future.

48
 CHAPTER 5

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

49
 FINDINGS

•Most of the households are aware about solar energy products.

•The majority of the respondents have a positive attitude towards solar products.

•The majority of respondents have monthly income 30000-50000.

•More than average (94%) people are using solar products.

•Consumers are more satisfied with solar energy products.

•The majority of consumers' electricity bill has been decreased after the installation of solar
energy products.

•Majority of consumers (50%) of solar energy product has maintenance and repair cost in
between 500-1000

•Some people are not using solar products due to lack of awareness, ignorance towards the
product and lack of interest on solar products.

•Most of the respondents say that solar energy products are so easy to manage.

•The majority of the people don't have any idea about government scheme of solar products
including the users of solar products.

•Most of them obtained solar system is after 2010-2017

•The majority of people are depending solar product in case of power failure.

•The cost paid for the installation of solar system is relatively high.

•Economics is the major reason for the installation solar system.

•Most of the respondents getting information is through Newspaper and internet.

•Most of the respondents are using solar home lighting system.

50
 SUGGESTIONS

• Cost of the solar products should be reduced by lowering the tax rate of the respective
products.

• Give more information about the solar products among the society. Make more
advertisement techniques about the solar products for make a buying behavior.

• Must bring awareness in people through various promotional activities. Must bring
awareness in people about government subsidies on solar products.

• Create awareness among rural population about solar energy.

• In urban areas people should install solar panels on multi stories building.

• Improve the technology in the production of the solar products so the customer can use it
for a long period due to improvement in lifespan of the product.

• The government should promote the importance and need of using the solar energy
products.

• The government should make it mandatory to use solar energy products all over the country.

• People are satisfied about the cost and benefit of solar products. So it is necessary to
increase the availability of solar products in the market.

51
 CONCLUSION

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range of ever
evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaic, solar architecture. It’s the most
abundant energy resource on Earth and can be converted from radiant energy from the sun to
electrical or thermal energy. We use solar energy for many purposes, such as powering and
heating homes, businesses, utilities, and more. Solar power is a renewable resource and, as
such, is a critical part of our clean energy future. Its technologies are broadly characterized as
either passive solar active solar depending on how the capture and distribute solar energy or
convert it into solar power. The study on topic helped to Identify the people knowledge about
solar products and their opinions about solar products. Most of the households are aware
about solar products through television/internet. Solar products ensure the green quality of the
products. There is a significant scope in future for direct energy through the installation of
solar products. We can reduce power consumption by using solar energy and it is also fill the
gap of energy shortage One thing we noticed that availability of solar energy products in the
market Is less as compared to the demand of the product, so availability of various of solar
energy product has to be increased to meet the demand of the customer.

52
 BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS

• Donald R. Cooper and Pamela S, Schindler (2013): Business Research Methods. Latest
Edition, Irwin McGraw- Hill international Editions, New Delhi.

• Neresh K. Malhotra (2007): Marketing Research, Latest edition. Pearson Education.

• SP Sokhatme and JK Nayak (2017): SOLAR ENERGY FOURTH EDITION (VOL 4 )

WEBSITE
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/39048

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325170101_Solar_Energy_potential_and_Future_of
_india_An_Overview
http://www.academia.edul/Documents/in/Solar_Energy
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_In_India
https://www.seia.org/initiatives/about-solar-energy
https://byjus.com/physics/solar-energy-project/

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APENDIX

54
 QUESTIONNAIRE

I am shafna 6th semester bcom student of MES keveeyam college valanchery, conducting
study on the topic “Awareness and attitude of households towards solar energy products with
special reference to pattambi taluk” This survey has been carried out purely for academic
purpose and let you know data will be keep confidential. Please be frank possible to give
information.

1. Have you heard about solar energy product specifically designed for residential use ?

□ Yes
□ no

2. whether do you use solar or not?

□ Yes
□ no

3. if no, why you do not use solar power?

□ ignorance

□ not interested

□ cost

4. do you have any knowledge about solar power?

□ Yes
□ no

5. What is the major reason that lead you to solar energy system ?

□ economical
□ high electricity bill
□ power cut
□ more effective

6. Which type of solar power solution would you like to use ?

55
 □ Solar home lighting system
□ solar water heater
□ solar power add on to charge inverted battery

7.in which year did you install solar pv system?

□ 2010

□ 2010-2017
□ After 2020
8. How do you get information about solar energy product?

□ television

□ Internet

□ news paper

□ word of mouth

9.what is the main drawback that you are facing in the solar energy?

□ climate change
□ installation charge
□ product change
□ installation space

10.what is your rating for the solar product that you use ?

□ highly satisfied
□ satisfied
□ hingly dissatisfied
□ dissatisfied

11. what is the capacity of solar system installed in your home?

□ below 500
□ 500-1000w
□ above 100 w

12.How would you rate your knowledge about solar panels and related products?

56
 □ Very Low
□ Low

□ Moderate

□ High

□ Very High

13.What is your perception of the effectiveness of solar energy in reducing household

electricity bills?

□ Very Effective

□ Somewhat Effective

□ Neutral

□ Not Very Effective

□ Not at all Effective

14.Do you believe investing in solar energy products is financially viable for households?
□ Yes, definitely
□ Yes, but only in the long term

□ Unsure

□ No, not at all

15.Which factors influence your decision to consider or not consider solar energy products
for your home?

□ Initial installation cost

□ Potential long-term savings

□ Availability of government incentives/rebates

□ Concerns about maintenance or reliability

□ Environmental impact

57
16.How likely are you to consider installing solar panels or other solar energy products in the
next two years?

□ Extremely Likely

□ Likely

□ Unsure

□ Unlikely

17.If you're not considering it, what are the primary reasons?

□ Lack of information

□ High initial cost

□ Doubts about effectiveness

□ Concerns about maintenance or reliability

18.Do you understand how solar panels work to generate electricity for homes?

□ Yes
□ no

19.Have you actively researched or sought information about installing solar energy systems
in your home?

□ Yes
□ no

20.Are you aware of any government incentives or rebates related to installing solar panels in
households?

□ Yes
□ no

21.Do you believe solar energy products can significantly reduce electricity bills for
households?

58
 □ Yes
□ no

22.Are you convinced that investing in solar energy products is financially viable
for households?

□ Yes
□ no

23.Would you consider installing solar panels or other solar energy products in your home in
the near future?

□ Yes
□ no

59