ICT200

INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE DESIGN

OCTOBER 2023 – FEBRUARY 2024

PROPOSAL
DataTech Solution Inc.

PARADISE TOURS DATABASE

Members:
NAME MATRIX NUMBER

MUHAMMAD HAZIQ FAHIM BIN ABDUL HADI 2022878802

ALIFF MUHAIMIN BIN SIDEK 2022852886

MUHAMMAD NUR IMAN AIMAN BIN MOHD NOH 2022482224

Groups:
KCDCS1103C

Lecturer:
Siti Rafidah Binti Muhamat Dawam
 ICT200-2022

Evaluation Form for the Final Database Project (ICT200)

Project Report Proposal & Final Report Grading Rubric (13%)

Project Title : TOURS DATABASE Group No: 4

Student’s Name:

1. MUHAMMAD HAZIQ FAHIM BIN ABDUL HADI

2. ALIFF MUHAIMIN BIN SIDEK

3. MUHAMMAD NUR IMAN AIMAN BIN MOHD NOH

Criteria Score Weight Total Total /

score section
1 2 3 4 5 w wx
scor
e
Format Major errors in Minor errors in All specified formatting NA NA
formatting formatting style has been portrait. 1 3
Company Poor description of Paragraph lack of Some paragraphs have clear Most paragraphs have All paragraphs have clear
facts. Much clear ideas. Not ideas, but the paragraph clear ideas, and provide ideas and provide
background 1 5
information is not enough information transitions are weak. additional information additional information
provided provided from the Provide basic information from the organization and necessary pictures or
organization. from the organization images from the
organization.

Current System Content is not Content is sound Well-presented; Exceptionally well- Exceptionally well-
sound. and solid; descriptions are detailed, presented; descriptions are presented; descriptions are
Descriptions description is developed, and supported detailed, well- detailed, well-
1 5
 ICT200-2022

present but not with evidence and details, developed, supported with developed, supported with
particularly mostly specific. specific evidence & facts, specific evidence & facts,
developed or as well as examples as well as examples and
supported; some process flow chart
evidence, but usually
of a generalized
nature.
Only provide
process flow chart.
Problem Provide less than Provide less than Provide three statements. Provide three statement Provide three statement
three statements. three statements with No descriptions and and clearly identifies and and clearly identifies and
statements 1 5
No descriptions brief description. No examples given summarizes main issues summarizes main issues
and examples examples given. related with manual system related with manual system
given. Provide Irrelevant or file-based approach. or file-based approach.
wrong facts. explanations and They also clearly stated
examples given. some relevant sub-
problems because of the
manual system. Examples
of the problems are given.

System Objectives Provide less than Provide less than three Provide three objectives. No Provide three objectives of Provide three objectives of
three objectives. objectives with brief descriptions and examples the project. The objectives the project. The objectives
1 5
No descriptions description. No given have been specified have been specified
and examples examples given. clearly. clearly. They stated the
given. Provide Irrelevant that they want
wrong facts. explanations and to analyse, design, and
examples given. develop as the objective.
DATABASE DESIGN
Final ERD Wrong ERD Many errors in Some errors in Some errors in labels Use correct notation,
connectivities, labels connectivities, labels and only. All connectivities provide correct
1 5
and notations. notations. and notation are correct. connectivity, has
relationship and
cardinality.
3NF Relational Incorrect form of >3 tables are not in 1-2 tables are not in 3NF. All tables have been in All tables have been in
relational schema 3NF 3NF but PK and FK not 3NF. Show proper PK
schema proper display. Use proper and FK. Also use proper
1 5
table name table name.
Data dictionary Incorrect form of >3 table incorrect of 1-2 table incorrect of data All the table with correct All the table with correct
data dictionary data type, PK and FK type, PK and FK data type but PK Not data type, complete PK
1 5
complete. and FK
 ICT200-2022

DATABASE IMPLEMENTATION
Data Definition Language
(DDL)
CREATE TABLE There’s command There’s command
More than three tables’ One/two of the tables’
Provide commands for
commands are not commands are not
statement with major errors with minor errors included included ALL tables 1 5
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
1. SELECT
statement for ALL The records from 1 5
The records from The records from
tables with more than five
three/four tables are two/three tables are not
The records from one The relevant records for
minimum 10 tables are not table are not included ALL tables are included
not included included
included
records for
appropriate tables
2. Retrieving Data One query is Two queries are Three queries are included Four queries are Five queries are
from Multiple included and included. Irrelevant and correct command included. Provide included. Provide
2 10
incorrect but correct correct, good, and correct, meaningful,
Tables. (at least 5 command command relevant commands excellent, and relevant
queries) commands
3. Simple Query (at One query is Two queries are Three queries are included Four queries are Five queries are
included and included. Irrelevant and correct command included. Provide included. Provide
least 5 queries) 1 5
incorrect but correct correct, good, and correct, meaningful,
(Comparison command command relevant commands excellent, and relevant
operator, logic commands
operator, IN,
BETWEEN, LIKE)
4. Column One query is Two queries are Three queries are included Three queries are Three queries are
included and included. Irrelevant and correct command included. Provide included. Provide
Functions (at least 3 incorrect but correct correct, good, and correct, meaningful,
1 5
queries) command command. relevant commands excellent, and relevant
commands
5. Using One query is Two queries are Three queries are included Three queries are Three queries are
included and included. Irrelevant and correct command included. Provide included. Provide
Subqueries (at 1 5
incorrect but correct correct, good, and correct, meaningful,
least 3 queries) command command relevant commands excellent, and relevant
commands
References The sources are not There may be a few Listed references conform to NA NA 1 3
cited correctly errors in APA style APA style citation.
according to APA citation. Only two Provide at least three
style, nor listed references are listed references.
correctly. Only one
reference is listed

TOTAL 76
 ICT200-2022

Project presentation (7%)

Project Title : TOURS DATABASE Group No: 4 Time Present:

Student’s Name:

1. MUHAMMAD HAZIQ FAHIM BIN ABDUL HADI

2. ALIFF MUHAIMIN BIN SIDEK

3. MUHAMMAD NUR IMAN AIMAN BIN MOHD NOH

Score weight Total Total /

Criteria Score section
1 2 3 4 5 w wx
score
Individual Marks
Delivery Presents Presents
Audience cannot Audience has difficulty information in Presents information in
(fluent/confidence/not 1 5
understand the following presentation logical sequence information in logical and
reading) & Presentation presentation because because which audience logical sequence interesting
Flow there is no sequence there is no sequence can follow. which audience can sequence which
of information. Reads of information. Most Frequently returns follow. Seldom audience can
all of report with no of the time reads the to returning to follow. Seldom
eye contact notes/slides notes/slides notes/slides returning to
notes/slides
Teamwork (Foster No clear evidence of No clear evidence of clear evidence of Clear evidence of Very Clear
ability to foster good ability to foster good ability to foster ability to foster good evidence of ability
good relationship) 1 5
relationships and work relationships and good relationships relationships and to foster good
together effectively work together and work together work together relationships and
with other group effectively with other effectively with effectively with work together
group members other group other group effectively with
 ICT200-2022

members towards towards goal members towards members towards other group
goal achievement achievement goal achievement. goal achievement members towards
goal achievement.
Participation Lacks any ability to be a Inconsistent ability to Mostly able to listen Demonstrate Shows an ability to 1 5
good listener and follow listen and follow to and follow willingness to work accept and respect
cooperation
direction. direction. directions. Ability to with others in new achievement level in
employ social skills activities. self and others.
substantially Demonstrates
successful. ability to listen and
follow direction in
most cases.
Slides Content
Database design and All points are incorrect Some incorrect points Only stated the Well explained but Well explained and
and Wrong ERD and explanations are points without there’s no further support with
case study. 1 5
given. explained. elaboration on the relevant examples of
examples of the the case study
case study
Questions on Queries
DML-Simple query Not attempt to answer An incorrect Correct command A correct command A correct command 1 5
the question command in third attempts in two attempts with one attempt
DML – group function Not attempt to answer An incorrect Correct command A correct command A correct command 1 5
the question command in third attempts in two attempts with one attempt
DML-Join on Multiple Not attempt to answer An incorrect Correct command A correct command A correct command 1 5
the question command in third attempts in two attempts with one attempt
(Joining) Tables
DML - subquery Not attempt to answer An incorrect Correct command A correct command A correct command 1 5
the question command in third attempts in two attempts with one attempt
TOTAL 40
Table Of Content
1.0 Member’s Profile........................................................................................................................................1
2.0 Company Background................................................................................................................................4
3.0 Current System Description........................................................................................................................8
4.0 Problem Statement....................................................................................................................................10
5.0 Objective of Proposed System..................................................................................................................11
6.0 System Business Rules.............................................................................................................................12
7.0 Final Entity Relationship Diagram...........................................................................................................13
8.0 Relational Schema in 3NF........................................................................................................................14
9.0 Data Dictionary.........................................................................................................................................15
10.0 Database Implementation.......................................................................................................................16
10.1 SECTION A : Data Definition Language (DDL)...................................................................................16
10.2 Section B: Data Manipulation Language (DML)...................................................................................22
11.0 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................35
12.0 References...............................................................................................................................................36
13.0 Appendices..............................................................................................................................................37
1.0 Member’s Profile

NAME : ALIFF MUHAIMIN BIN SIDEK

D.O.B. : 16 JANUARY 2004

HOMETOWN : CHERAS, KUALA LUMPUR

HOBBY : PLAYING FOOTBALL

EDUCATION : 1. SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN TAMAN MIDAH 1

2. SEKOLAH RENDAH AGAMA AL-MUSTAQIMAH

3. SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN AGAMA KL

4. UITM SUNGAI PETANI (KCDCS1103C)

STRENGTH :GOOD TEAMWORK SKILL

POSITION :JUNIOR OPERATOR

JOB DESCRIPTION: DATA ENTRY AND VERIFICATION

1
NAME : MUHAMMAD HAZIQ FAHIM BIN ABDUL HADI

D.O.B : 22 NOVEMBER 2004

HOMETOWN : HULU LANGAT, SELANGOR

HOBBY : PLAYING FUTSAL

EDUCATION : 1. SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN AMPANG

2. SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN TUN ABDUL AZIZ MAJID

3. SEKOLAH AGAMA MENENGAH HULU LANGAT

4. SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN ABDUL JALIL

5. UITM SUNGAI PETANI (KCDCS1103C)

STRENGTH : GOOD TEAMWORK SKILL

POSITION : JUNIOR DEVELOPER

JOB DESCRIPTION: DATABASE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

2
NAME : MUHAMMAD NUR IMAN AIMAN BIN MOHD NOH

D.O.B : 04 JANUARY 2004

HOMETOWN : BANGI, SELANGOR

HOBBY : PLAYING FOOTBALL

EDUCATION : 1 .SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN BANDAR SERI PUTRA

2. SEKOLAH RENDAH AGAMA BANDAR SERI

PUTRA
3.
4. SEKOLAH MENENGAH BINA INSAN

4. UITM SUNGAI PETANI (KCDCS1103C)

STRENGTH : GOOD CRITICAL THINKING SKILL

POSITION : JUNIOR OPERATOR

JOB DESCRIPTION: DATABASE MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE

3
2.0 Company Background

DataTech Solution Inc. is a company that manage data and analytics. The company is
located in Petronas Twin Tower, Kuala Lumpur. DataTech Solution Inc. was founded by a group
of database experts and software engineers. The company take a request from various type of
customers such as government agencies, e-commerce platforms and start-up. The company spans
various industries including finance, healthcare, retail and technology.
DataTech Solution Inc. also committed to do research and development (R&D) to move
one step forward compared to another database company. For examples, artificial intelligence (AI)
and machine learning to be integrated in the company’s database.
DataTech Solution Inc. also cooperates with international company such as Oracle
Corporation, Microsoft and Snowflake. They gave a lot of benefits to the company. This is
because the company will get access to the global data. Global database providers frequently have
access to large data sources from different industries and geographical areas. This could be useful
if you require a large and variety dataset for analytics, research or company operations.
DataTech Solution Inc. also has some principle to make the company run longer. DataTech
Solution holds to honesty, creativity, customer focus and teamwork. By providing outstandings
products and assistance, we hope to establish long lasting connection with our partners and clients.

Figure 2.1 Logo Company

Vision:
4
DataTech Solution Inc. wants to be the global leader in database technology solutions and
transforming the way companies use and manage data in order to create a more promising and
effective future.

Mission:
DataTech Solution Inc. wants to empower organizations of all sizes to unlock the full potential of
the data. In order to help clients make data-driven decisions, attain operational excellence and
develop a competitive edge, the company offers the most advanced database technology,
knowledgeable advice and unrivalled support. The commitment to innovation, integrity and
customer success drives us to continuously push the boundaries of what is possible in the data
technology space.

Objectives:
 Client-Centric Focus
 Market Expansion
 Data Security and Compliance
 Employee Development

Location:
DataTech Solution Inc. is located in the Petronas Twin Tower, Kuala Lumpur and on the 73th
floor of the twin tower. To schedule an appointment and visit the headquarters, please access the
company’s website and choose a date convenient for the client.

Figure 2.2 Workplace

Organizational Chart:

5
 Figure 2.3 Organizational Structure

Based on Figure 2.3, Data Tech Solution Inc. follows a hierarchical organizational structure to define the
distribution and coordination of roles, responsibilities, and tasks necessary for achieving company goals. At
the helm of this structure is Aaron Lab, who serves as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and oversees the
entire organization while setting its strategic direction.

Reporting directly to the CEO are two key roles, namely the Senior Developer and the Database Expert. In
the role of Senior Developer, Alfredo Torres is primarily responsible for database administration, including
the execution of regular maintenance tasks such as backups, restores, and disaster recovery planning.

Avery Davis holds the position of Database Expert under the CEO, focusing on data security and integrity.
Davis is tasked with the development and enforcement of data security policies aimed at safeguarding
sensitive information.

To support the Database Expert, Data Tech employs two Junior Operators—Alif Muhaimin and Nur Iman.
Alif Muhaimin specializes in Data Entry and Verification, diligently entering and verifying data into the

6
database systems with a high level of accuracy. Meanwhile, Nur Iman's primary responsibility is database
monitoring and maintenance, ensuring optimal performance and availability of database systems.

Additionally, Data Tech has a Junior Developer, Haziq Fahim, who collaborates with the Senior Developer.
Haziq Fahim's main role encompasses assisting in the design and development of database structures,
tables, and schemas. Together, this organizational structure enables effective coordination and
accomplishment of tasks within Data Tech Solution Inc.

Scope of Service:

 Give the best database structure to the client

 Make it convenience
 Complete the project before deadline

7
3.0 Current System Description

Tours Database is a database system provided for Paradise Tours (PT) to store information about their
guided tours and visitors. Initial requirements analysis brings out the following information about what
needs to be recorded in their database system.

 For each tour, the tour name, approximate duration (in hours) and fee charged is needed. Each tour
is guided by one or more guides. Guides are identified by an employee ID, guide’s name, home
address and date of hire.

 Every tour must be designed to visit at least three locations. For each location, a name, type and
official description are kept. Some locations are visited by more than one tour, while others are
visited by a single tour. All locations are visited by at least one tour.

 For each visitor, the name and telephone number are recorded. Visitors may sign up to join many
different tours and each tour can have many visitors.

The visitors are classified into three clusters, namely children visitor, adult visitor and senior citizen. Each
cluster has additional information, for example children visitor requires birth certificate number, adult
visitor requires specific insurance policy number and senior citizen requires medical report status from
authorized hospitals/clinics.

8
9
CURRENT SYSTEM PROSES

10
4.0 Problem Statement

Paradise Tours (PT), a tour company specializing in guided tours, is facing operational challenges
in managing their tours, guides, locations, and visitor information efficiently. To address these
issues and enhance their services, PT requires the development of a comprehensive database
system. The problem statement outlines the key challenges and objectives for this project.

Challenges:

1. Ineffective Tour Management:

As of right now, PT does not have a centralized system in place to arrange and handle tour-
related information. This makes it harder to plan, monitor, and efficiently coordinate tours.

2. Tour Guide Information Disarray:

The business has trouble keeping up-to-date records on its tour guides. Personal
information and employment history of guides are scattered and frequently unavailable
when needed.

3. Location Data Fragmentation:

Although PT provides tours to a number of locations, information about these locations is
not managed or stored in a single system. This makes it challenging to design tour
schedules and guarantee accurate descriptions.

4. Tracking Visitor Information:

The organization does not have a methodical way to handle information about visitors.
This makes maintaining track of visitor sign-ups, preferences, and particular needs for
various visitor clusters (children, adults, and senior citizens) difficult.

5. Report Generation and Decision-Making:

PT finds it difficult to produce the financial data, visitor demographics, and tour scheduling
reports that are necessary. Robust reporting systems are essential for efficient decision-
making and business analysis.

11
5.0 Objective of Proposed System

The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive database system that addresses the
challenges faced by Paradise Tours. The system aims to:

1. Centralize Tour Information: Establish a single, easily accessible location to store

information about tours, such as names, lengths, costs, and guide assignments. Better tour
scheduling and management are made possible by this.

2. Simplify Guide Information: Ensure that all guides, including employee IDs, personal
information, and hiring history, are kept up to date and readily accessible.

3. Standardize Location Data: Keep track of and handle tour location data to guarantee
description consistency and make planning tours easier.

4. Effective Visitor Management: Put in place a system for tracking visitors that logs their
names, contact details, and membership in various tours and visitor groups (children,
adults, senior citizens, etc.).

5. Robust Reporting: Build up your reporting skills to produce vital reports on financial
information, visitor demographics, tour schedules, and more. Business analysis and
decision-making will be aided by these reports.

By achieving these objectives, the database system will enable Paradise Tours to operate more
efficiently, provide better services to visitors, and make informed decisions to enhance their
overall business operations.

12
6.0 System Business Rules

1. one tour can be lead by many guide.

one guide can lead one tour.

1: M

2. Many tour can go many location.

Many location can be went to many tour.

M: M

3. Visitors may sign up to visit many different tours

each tour can be signed up many visitor

M:M

12
7.0 Final Entity Relationship Diagram

13
8.0 Relational Schema in 3NF

1. LOCATION(LOCID, LOCNAME, LOCTYPE, LOCODK)

2. TOUR(TOURID, TOURNAME, TOURDUR, TOURFEE)
3. GUIDE(EMPLOYEEID, GUIDENAME, GUIDEADDR, GUIDEDOH, TOURID*)
4. VISITOR(VISID, VISNAME, VISNUMBER, VISCLUSTER)
5. VISIT(LOCID*, TOURID*, VISID*)
6. SENIOR(VISID*, SENIORMRS)
7. ADULT(VISID*, ADULTIPN )
8. CHILD(VISID*, CHILDBCN )

14
9.0 Data Dictionary

15
10.0 Database Implementation

10.1 SECTION A : Data Definition Language (DDL)

CREATE DATABASE TOURS;

USE TOURS;

1. CREATE TABLE LOCATION

CREATE TABLE LOCATION (
LOCID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
LOCNAME VARCHAR(35) NOT NULL,
LOCTYPE VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
LOCODK VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL);

OUTPUT FOR CREATE TABLE LOCATION :

2. CREATE TABLE TOUR

CREATE TABLE TOUR(
TOURID VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
TOURNAME VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL,
TOURDUR NUMERIC(3) NOT NULL,
TOURFEE NUMERIC(6,2) NOT NULL);

OUTPUT FOR CREATE TABLE TOUR:

16
17
3. CREATE TABLE GUIDE
CREATE TABLE GUIDE (
EMPLOYEEID NUMERIC(10) PRIMARY KEY,
GUIDENAME VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL,
GUIDEADDR VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
GUIDEDOH DATE NOT NULL,
TOURID VARCHAR(10),
INDEX (TOURID),
CONSTRAINT FK_GUIDE_TOUR FOREIGN KEY(TOURID) REFERENCES
TOUR(TOURID));

OUTPUT FOR CREATE TABLE GUIDE:

18
4. CREATE TABLE VISITOR
CREATE TABLE VISITOR (
VISID NUMERIC(10) PRIMARY KEY,
VISNAME VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
VISNUMBER NUMERIC(12) NOT NULL,
VISCLUSTER VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL);

OUTPUT FOR CREATE TABLE VISITOR:

19
5. CREATE TABLE VISIT
CREATE TABLE VISIT (
LOCID VARCHAR(10),
TOURID VARCHAR(10),
VISID NUMERIC(10) NOT NULL,
INDEX (LOCID),
INDEX (TOURID),
INDEX (VISID),
CONSTRAINT PK_VISIT PRIMARY KEY(LOCID, TOURID,VISID),
CONSTRAINT FK_VISIT_LOCATION FOREIGN KEY (LOCID) REFERENCES
LOCATION(LOCID),
CONSTRAINT FK_VISIT_TOUR FOREIGN KEY (TOURID) REFERENCES
TOUR(TOURID),
CONSTRAINT FK_VISIT_VISITOR FOREIGN KEY (VISID)
REFERENCES VISITOR(VISID));

OUTPUT FOR CREATE TABLE VISIT

20
6. CREATE TABLE SENIOR
CREATE TABLE SENIOR(
VISID NUMERIC(10),
SENIORMRS VARCHAR(10),
FOREIGN KEY (VISID) REFERENCES VISITOR (VISID));

OUTPUT FOR CREATE TABLE SENIOR:

7. CREATE TABLE ADULT

CREATE TABLE ADULT(
VISID NUMERIC(10),
ADULTIPN VARCHAR(10),
FOREIGN KEY (VISID) REFERENCES VISITOR (VISID));

OUTPUT FOR CREATE TABLE ADULT:

21
8. CREATE TABLE CHILD
CREATE TABLE CHILD(
VISID NUMERIC(10),
CHILDBCN VARCHAR(10),
FOREIGN KEY (VISID) REFERENCES VISITOR (VISID));

OUTPUT FOR CREATE TABLE CHILD:

22
10.2 Section B: Data Manipulation Language (DML)

i.Select All Statement for All Tables

1.LOCATION

2.TOUR

23
3. GUIDE

24
4.VISITOR

25
5. VISIT

6. SENIOR

26
7. ADULT

8.CHIILD

27
ii. Describe the Queries

Retrieve Data from Multiple Table

1. List all tours including the guide name.

2. Display information about visitors and their assigned guides.

28
3. Display information of tours and the location they visit.

29
4. Display visitor’s name who join T1 and the location during their tour.

5. List the names and types of locations visited by senior citizens.

30
Simple SQL Queries :
31
1. Display tours with a duration greater than 2 hours and order the results by tour duration in
descending order.

2. List visitors with contact numbers starting with ‘3’ and ‘5’ in ascending order.

3. Display the names and types of locations that are either ‘Scenic’ or ‘Cultural’.
32
4. Display the details of guides who joined before 20 May 2007.

5. List the names and types of locations visited on tour ‘T4’.

33
Column Functions and Grouping:

1. Display the total fee collected for each tour.

2. List the average duration for each location type.

34
 3. List locations with more than two visits and list the visit count.

Using Subqueries (WHERE, HAVING, IN) – at least 3 queries

1. List tours guided by employees who joined before 20 May 2007.

35
2. Display the names of visitors who have visited the ‘Scenic’ locations.

3. List tours where the tour fee is higher than the average tour fee.

36
1.

37
11.0 Conclusion

In conclusion, the proposed comprehensive database system for Paradise Tours is designed to
address the operational challenges faced by the organization and elevate its tour management
processes to new levels of efficiency. By centralizing tour information, simplifying guide details,
standardizing location data, and implementing effective visitor management and reporting
capabilities, the system aims to streamline operations, enhance customer satisfaction, and facilitate
informed decision-making.

The user-friendly interface, real-time updates, and robust security measures ensure that the system
is not only functional but also accessible and secure. Scalability and integration with existing
systems pave the way for future growth and improved overall operational efficiency. The
incorporation of backup and recovery mechanisms, compliance with regulations, and a
comprehensive training and support framework further contribute to the system's reliability and
sustainability.

Ultimately, the proposed system is positioned to empower Paradise Tours with the tools necessary
to navigate the complexities of the tourism industry, offering a holistic solution that aligns with
current needs while remaining adaptable to future challenges. Through the successful
implementation of this database system, Paradise Tours can anticipate improved tour management,
better visitor experiences, and a solid foundation for sustained growth and success in the
competitive tourism market.

38
12.0 References

Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan, S. (Abraham Silberschatz, 2019) (2019). Database
System Concepts. McGraw-Hill Education.

Elmasri, R., & Navathe, S. B. (2020). Fundamentals of Database Systems. Pearson.

Connolly, T., & Begg, C. (2014). Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design,
Implementation, and Management. Pearson.

39
13.0 Appendices

40