Android Application Development

Week 2 - Long Descriptive Question and Answer

1. Discuss about life cycle of activity in student Registration

process

The lifecycle of an activity in Android refers to the series of states an

activity goes through during its lifespan, from creation to destruction.
Let's discuss the lifecycle of an activity in the context of a student
registration process in an Android application:

Creation (onCreate()):

When the user initiates the student registration process, the corresponding
activity is created.

In the onCreate() method of the activity, initialization tasks are performed,

such as setting up the user interface (UI) elements, initializing variables,
and retrieving data if necessary.

In this phase, the activity is created and prepared for interaction with the
user.

Starting (onStart()):

After the activity is created, it enters the started state.

In the onStart() method, the activity becomes visible to the user, but it may
not be fully interactive yet.

At this stage, the activity is visible to the user, but it might not have
received focus or input focus.
Resuming (onResume()):

When the activity is brought to the foreground and becomes fully

interactive, it enters the resumed state.

In the onResume() method, the activity is ready to receive user input and
respond to user interactions.

This phase occurs when the activity is in the foreground and actively
interacting with the user, such as when the registration form is displayed,
and the user can enter their information.

Pausing (onPause()):

If another activity comes into the foreground, partially covering the current
activity, the current activity enters the paused state.

In the onPause() method, the activity is partially obscured by another

activity, but it is still visible to the user.

This phase might occur when the user switches to another app or when a
dialog or notification appears on top of the activity.

Stopping (onStop()):

When the activity is no longer visible to the user, it enters the stopped
state.

In the onStop() method, the activity is no longer visible to the user, but its
state and instance variables are retained.

This phase might occur when the user navigates to another activity or
presses the device's Home button.
Destroying (onDestroy()):

When the activity is finished or destroyed, it enters the destroyed state.

In the onDestroy() method, the activity is destroyed, and resources are

released.

This phase occurs when the activity is explicitly finished by the user or the
system, or when the system needs to reclaim memory.

Throughout the student registration process, the activity transitions

through these lifecycle states based on user interactions and system

events. Proper management of the activity lifecycle ensures efficient
memory usage, smooth user experience, and proper handling of data and
resources.
2. Create a android application for course registration using
multiple activities
Created an android application for course registration, storing the data in local mobile device db using SQLLite and show-
ing enrolled students in a recyclerview involving different activites. The entire code is written in kotlin.

The following procedure steps are given below.

Step-1 : We are going to need a SplashActivity, RegisteredList page for showing registered students and RegisterActivity
page for registering the course.

Step-2 : Once class files are created, we then create their respective xml files for UI design activity_main.xml, activity_reg-
istration_list.xml and activity_register.xml

Step-3 : activity_registration_list.xml will contain a textView for titlebar, a recyclerview for showing the list and a button
which will navigate to the RegisterActivity page.

Step-4 : In activity_register.xml, there will be only a TextView (Name) and an AutoCompleteTextView field (Course).

Step-5 : In activity_main.xml, only one TextView will be placed in center which shows the App Name since its a splash
page.

Step-6 : 3000 millisecond delay will be there in SplashActivity once its over it will be navigated to RegisteredList automat-
ically.

Step-7 : In RegisteredList, implement the click listener for register button and navigate it to RegisterActivity using Intent
class and StartActivity function.

Step-8 : Create a custom adapter for RecyclerView called RecyclerAdapter and inflate the activity_list_row (custom layout)
which we created for the item in the list. The item row layout contains 3 TextViews and a button (Id, Name, Course and a
delete button). Set the custom adapter to Recyclerview in RegisteredList class.

Step-9 : Created a Data model bean class called ListItemModel which contains name, course and id.

Step-10 : Create a class called DBHandler which extends SQLLiteOpenHelper class and override the methods to perform
CRUD operations in local DB.

Step-11 : Create a method called register having name and course as arguments for inserting values in db and returns bool-
ean flag based on the status of the operation.

Step-12 : Create a method called getData to fetch records from db which returns a cursor object and create a deleteRecord
method having id as argument for deleting a specific record.

Step-13 : Create a dbHandler class object in RegisteredList class. Using that object we call the getData method and popu-
late the data in recyclerview. Call the deleteRecord method to delete that specific record based on click of delete button in
recycler adapter class.

Step-14 : Create a dbHandler class object in RegisterActivity class. Using that object we call the register method on click of
submit button. Get the name from the edit text and create an array with static data to populate in AutoCompleteTextView
dropdown.
SplashActivity.kt

package com.example.courseregapp

import android.content.Intent

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

import android.os.Bundle

import android.os.Handler

import android.os.Looper

class SplashActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed({

startActivity(Intent(this, RegisteredList::class.java))

}, 3000)

}
activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

tools:context=".SplashActivity">

<TextView

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="Course Registration Application"

android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.HeadlineLarge"

android:textStyle="bold"

android:gravity="center"

android:elegantTextHeight="true"

app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
DBHandler.kt
package com.example.courseregapp

import android.content.ContentValues

import android.content.Context

import android.database.Cursor

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper

class DBHandler(context: Context, factory: SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory?) :

SQLiteOpenHelper(context, DATABASE_NAME, factory, DATABASE_VERSION) {

// below is the method for creating a database by a sqlite query

override fun onCreate(db: SQLiteDatabase) {

val query = ("CREATE TABLE " + TABLE_NAME + " ("

+ ID_COL + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " +

NAME_COl + " TEXT," +

COURSE_COL + " TEXT" + ")")

db.execSQL(query)

override fun onUpgrade(db: SQLiteDatabase, p1: Int, p2: Int) {

// this method is to check if table already exists

db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $TABLE_NAME")

onCreate(db)

// This method is for adding data in our database

fun register(name: String, course: String ): Boolean {

val values = ContentValues()

values.put(NAME_COl, name)

values.put(COURSE_COL, course)

val db = this.writableDatabase
 val value = db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, values).toInt()

db.close()

return value != -1

// below method is to get

// all data from our database

fun getData(): Cursor? {

val db = this.readableDatabase

return db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM $TABLE_NAME", null)

fun deleteRecord(id: Int): Boolean {

val db = this.writableDatabase

val status = db.delete(TABLE_NAME, "$ID_COL=?", arrayOf(id.toString()))

db.close()

return status != 0

companion object{

private const val DATABASE_NAME = "COURSE_ENROLLMENT"

private const val DATABASE_VERSION = 1

const val TABLE_NAME = "StudentEnrollment"

const val ID_COL = "id"

const val NAME_COl = "name"

const val COURSE_COL = "course"

ListItemModel.kt
package com.example.courseregapp

data class ListItemModel(var id: Int, var name: String, var course: String)
RegisteredList.kt
package com.example.courseregapp

import android.content.Intent

import android.os.Bundle

import android.util.Log

import android.widget.Toast

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager

import com.example.courseregapp.databinding.ActivityRegistrationListBinding

class RegisteredList : AppCompatActivity(), RecyclerAdapter.RowClickListener {

private lateinit var mBinding: ActivityRegistrationListBinding

private val dbHandler: DBHandler by lazy { DBHandler(this,null) }

private var list = ArrayList<ListItemModel>()

private lateinit var adapter: RecyclerAdapter

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

mBinding = ActivityRegistrationListBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)

setContentView(mBinding.root)

initViews()

private fun initViews() {

mBinding.apply {

rvView.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this@RegisteredList)

btnRegister.setOnClickListener {

startActivity(Intent(this@RegisteredList, RegisterActivity::class.java))

}
 private fun populateView() {

val cursor = dbHandler.getData()

cursor?.let {

if (list.isNotEmpty())

list.clear()

while(it.moveToNext()) {

list += ListItemModel(it.getInt(0), it.getString(1), it.getString(2))

override fun onResume() {

super.onResume()

Log.e("LIST COUNT BEFORE ==== ", " ${list.size}")

populateView()

adapter = RecyclerAdapter(list, this)

mBinding.rvView.adapter = adapter

Log.e("LIST COUNT AFTER ==== ", " ${list.size}")

override fun onItemClickListener(id: Int, pos: Int) {

if (dbHandler.deleteRecord(id)) {

Toast.makeText(this, "Deletion Successful", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()

if (list.isNotEmpty()) {

list.removeAt(pos)

adapter?.notifyItemRemoved(pos)

adapter?.notifyItemRangeChanged(pos, list.size)

mBinding.rvView.adapter = adapter

} else {

Toast.makeText(this, "Deletion Failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()

}
activity_registration_list.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:id="@+id/rlt_container"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:orientation="vertical"

tools:context=".RegisteredList">

<TextView

android:id="@+id/tv_view"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:padding="16dp"

android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.HeadlineLarge"

android:textStyle="bold"

android:text="Enrolled Students"

android:textColor="@color/white"

android:elevation="10dp"

android:background="@color/dark_blue"/>

<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView

android:id="@+id/rv_view"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_below="@+id/tv_view"

android:layout_above="@+id/btn_register"

android:background="@color/gray"

android:scrollbars="vertical"

android:overScrollMode="always"

tools:listitem="@layout/activity_list_row"

tools:itemCount="2"/>

<Button
 android:id="@+id/btn_register"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"

android:layout_margin="5dp"

android:padding="16dp"

android:text="Register"/>

</RelativeLayout>

RecyclerAdapter.kt
package com.example.courseregapp

import android.view.LayoutInflater

import android.view.View

import android.view.ViewGroup

import android.widget.Button

import android.widget.TextView

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView

class RecyclerAdapter(private var mList: List<ListItemModel>, private val listener: RowClickListener): RecyclerView.Adapter<Recycler-
Adapter.ViewHolder>() {

class ViewHolder(ItemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(ItemView) {

val tvName: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name)

val tvCourse: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_course)

val tvId: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_id)

val btnDelete: Button = itemView.findViewById(R.id.btn_delete)

override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {

val view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.context)

.inflate(R.layout.activity_list_row, parent, false)

return ViewHolder(view)

override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) {

holder.let {
 it.tvId.text = mList[position].id.toString() ?: "000"

it.tvName.text = mList[position].name

it.tvCourse.text = mList[position].course

it.btnDelete.setOnClickListener {

listener.onItemClickListener(mList[position].id, position)

override fun getItemCount(): Int = mList.size

interface RowClickListener {

fun onItemClickListener(id: Int, pos: Int)

activity_list_row.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_margin="10dp"

app:cardElevation="6dp">

<RelativeLayout

android:id="@+id/rlt_sub_container"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content">

<TextView

android:id="@+id/tv_id"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_margin="20dp"
 android:layout_centerVertical="true"

android:layout_alignParentStart="true"

android:textColor="@color/black"

android:text="001"

android:textSize="20sp"/>

<LinearLayout

android:id="@+id/llt_container"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginStart="10dp"

android:layout_toEndOf="@id/tv_id"

android:layout_toStartOf="@id/btn_delete"

android:orientation="vertical">

<TextView

android:id="@+id/tv_name"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginStart="10dp"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:ellipsize="end"

android:maxLines="1"

android:text="ARUN SIVANANDAN"

android:textSize="20sp"

android:textStyle="bold" />

<TextView

android:id="@+id/tv_course"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginStart="10dp"

android:layout_marginTop="10dp"

android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"

android:ellipsize="end"

android:maxLines="2"

android:text="BCA"

android:textSize="20sp"
 android:textStyle="bold" />

</LinearLayout>

<Button

android:id="@+id/btn_delete"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"

android:layout_alignParentTop="true"

android:layout_alignBottom="@id/llt_container"

android:layout_marginEnd="5dp"

android:text="Delete"

android:textColor="@color/white"

android:textStyle="bold"

android:backgroundTint="@color/red" />

</RelativeLayout>

</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>

RegisterActivity.kt
package com.example.courseregapp

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

import android.os.Bundle

import android.widget.ArrayAdapter

import android.widget.Toast

import com.example.courseregapp.databinding.ActivityRegisterBinding

class RegisterActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private var courseList = arrayOf<String>("B.E", "B.Sc", "M.E", "M.Sc", "B.A", "M.A", "B.C.A", "M.C.A", "B.Tech", "M.Tech", "B.Com",
"M.Com")

private lateinit var mBinding: ActivityRegisterBinding

private val dbHandler : DBHandler by lazy {

DBHandler(this, null)

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
 mBinding = ActivityRegisterBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)

setContentView(mBinding.root)

initViews();

private fun initViews() {

mBinding.apply {

val adapter = ArrayAdapter<String>(this@RegisterActivity, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, courseList)

acTv.threshold = 1;//start searching from 1 character

acTv.setAdapter(adapter)

btnSubmit.setOnClickListener {

if (dbHandler.register(edtName.text.toString(), acTv.text.toString())) {

Toast.makeText(this@RegisterActivity, "Insertion Successful", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()

finish()

} else {

Toast.makeText(this@RegisterActivity, "Insertion Failed. Try again!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()

activity_register.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

tools:context=".RegisterActivity">

<TextView

android:id="@+id/tv_view"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:background="@color/dark_blue"

android:elevation="10dp"

android:padding="16dp"

android:text="Register Course"

android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Material3.HeadlineLarge"

android:textColor="@color/white"

android:textStyle="bold"

app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

<com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout

android:id="@+id/textInputLayout"

style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_margin="10dp"

app:boxBackgroundMode="outline"

app:boxCornerRadiusBottomEnd="16dp"

app:boxCornerRadiusBottomStart="16dp"

app:boxCornerRadiusTopEnd="16dp"

app:boxCornerRadiusTopStart="16dp"

app:helperText="Please provide your name in Caps"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/tv_view">

<com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText

android:id="@+id/edt_name"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:hint="Enter your name"

android:textColor="@color/dark_blue"

android:textColorHint="@color/black" />

</com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>

<com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout

android:id="@+id/til_dropdown"

android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_margin="10dp"

app:boxBackgroundMode="outline"

app:boxCornerRadiusBottomEnd="16dp"

app:boxCornerRadiusBottomStart="16dp"

app:boxCornerRadiusTopEnd="16dp"

app:boxCornerRadiusTopStart="16dp"

app:helperText="Search and select the course from the dropdown"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textInputLayout"

style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox.Dense.ExposedDropdownMenu">

<com.google.android.material.textfield.MaterialAutoCompleteTextView

android:id="@+id/ac_tv"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textSize="18sp"

android:textColor="@color/dark_blue"/>

</com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>

<Button

android:id="@+id/btn_submit"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginTop="30dp"

android:layout_marginStart="10dp"

android:layout_marginEnd="10dp"

android:padding="16dp"

android:text="Submit"

android:textSize="18sp"

android:textColor="@color/white"

android:backgroundTint="@color/dark_blue"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/til_dropdown" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
 Output:

Naveen S Naveen S

8 Naveen S
M.C.A
3. Create an android application for simple basic calculator

A basic simple calculator android application has been created using kotlin. Below mentioned are the class and layout
files with output screenshots for reference.

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

<application

android:allowBackup="true"

android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"

android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"

android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"

android:label="@string/app_name"

android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"

android:supportsRtl="true"

android:theme="@style/Theme.CalcApp"

tools:targetApi="31">

<activity

android:name=".MainActivity"

android:exported="true">

<intent-filter>

<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>

<meta-data

android:name="android.app.lib_name"

android:value="" />

</activity>

</application>
</manifest>

activity_calculator.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<layout xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">

<data>

<variable

name="data"

type="com.example.calcapp.DataModel" />

<variable

name="activity"

type="com.example.calcapp.MainActivity" />

</data>

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:background="@color/black"

tools:context=".MainActivity">

<LinearLayout

android:id="@+id/frameLayout"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:orientation="vertical"

app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/tabLayout"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">

<TextView

android:id="@+id/textview_calculate_1"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textAlignment="textEnd"

android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_normal"

android:text="@{data.calculateBefore}"

android:textColor="@android:color/darker_gray"

android:maxLines="1" />

<TextView

android:id="@+id/textview_calculate"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textAlignment="textEnd"

android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_large"

android:text="@{data.calculate}"

android:textColor="@color/white"

android:maxLines="1"/>

</LinearLayout>

<TableLayout

android:id="@+id/tabLayout"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:background="@color/orange"

app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent">

<TableRow

android:id="@+id/tr_one"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin"

android:weightSum="4">
 <Button

android:id="@+id/button_clear"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

android:text="@string/clear"

android:textAllCaps="true"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<ImageButton

android:id="@+id/button_backspace"

android:layout_width="@dimen/width"

android:layout_height="@dimen/height"

android:layout_weight="1"

android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/margin"

android:src="@drawable/ic_baseline_backspace_24"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"

style="@style/Widget.AppCompat.Button"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_percentage"

android:text="@string/percentage"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_divide"

android:text="@string/divide"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Right"/>

</TableRow>

<TableRow

android:id="@+id/tr_two"

android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin"

android:weightSum="4">

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_seven"

android:text="@string/seven"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_eight"

android:text="@string/eight"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left" />

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_nine"

android:text="@string/nine"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_multiply"

android:text="@string/multiply"

android:textAllCaps="false"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Right"/>

</TableRow>

<TableRow

android:id="@+id/tr_three"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin"
 android:weightSum="4">

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_four"

android:text="@string/four"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_five"

android:text="@string/five"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_six"

android:text="@string/six"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_subtract"

android:text="@string/subtract"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Right"/>

</TableRow>

<TableRow

android:id="@+id/tr_four"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin"

android:gravity="center"

android:weightSum="4">
 <Button

android:id="@+id/button_one"

android:text="@string/one"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_two"

android:text="@string/two"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_three"

android:text="@string/three"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Left"/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_add"

android:text="@string/add"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}"

style="@style/Btn_Right"/>

</TableRow>

<TableRow

android:id="@+id/tr_five"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/margin"

android:weightSum="3">

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_dot"

android:layout_width="@dimen/width"
 android:layout_height="@dimen/height"

android:layout_weight=".74"

android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/margin"

android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"

android:textColor="@color/white"

android:text="@string/dot"

android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_small"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}" />

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_zero"

android:layout_width="@dimen/width"

android:layout_height="@dimen/height"

android:layout_weight=".75"

android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/margin"

android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"

android:textColor="@color/white"

android:text="@string/zero"

android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_small"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}" />

<Button

android:id="@+id/button_equalTo"

android:layout_width="@dimen/width"

android:layout_height="@dimen/height"

android:layout_weight="1.51"

android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/margin"

android:layout_marginEnd="@dimen/margin"

android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"

android:textColor="@color/white"

android:text="@string/equalTo"

android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_small"

android:textAllCaps="false"

android:onClick="@{activity.onClickAction}" />

</TableRow>
 </TableLayout>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

</layout>

MainActivity.xml

package com.example.calcapp

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

import android.os.Bundle

import android.view.View

import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil

import com.example.calcapp.databinding.ActivityCalculatorBinding

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private lateinit var binding: ActivityCalculatorBinding

private val dataModel: DataModel by lazy {

DataModel("", "")

private var isAdd = false

private var isSubtract = false

private var isDivide = false

private var isMultiply = false

private var isPercentage = false

private var isShowAnswer = false

private var valueOne: String = ""

private var valueTwo: String = ""

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
 binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_calculator)

binding.apply {

activity = this@MainActivity

data = dataModel

// textviewCalculate.setHorizontallyScrolling(true)

// textviewCalculate.movementMethod = ScrollingMovementMethod()

onLongClickListenerAction()

fun onClickAction(view: View) {

when (view.id) {

R.id.button_clear -> {

clearData()

binding.data = dataModel

R.id.button_backspace -> {

if (dataModel.calculate.length > 1)

dataModel.calculate = dataModel.calculate.substring(0, dataModel.calculate.length - 1)

else

dataModel.calculate = ""

binding.data = dataModel

R.id.button_percentage -> concatData(getString(R.string.percentage))

R.id.button_divide -> concatData(getString(R.string.divide))

R.id.button_multiply -> concatData(getString(R.string.multiply))

R.id.button_add -> concatData(getString(R.string.add))

R.id.button_subtract -> concatData(getString(R.string.subtract))

R.id.button_dot -> concatData(getString(R.string.dot))

R.id.button_one -> concatData(1)

R.id.button_two -> concatData(2)

R.id.button_three -> concatData(3)

R.id.button_four -> concatData(4)

R.id.button_five -> concatData(5)

 R.id.button_six -> concatData(6)

R.id.button_seven -> concatData(7)

R.id.button_eight -> concatData(8)

R.id.button_nine -> concatData(9)

R.id.button_zero -> concatData(0)

R.id.button_equalTo -> {

addValues()

if (isAdd)

dataModel.calculateBefore = "$valueOne+$valueTwo"

else if (isSubtract)

dataModel.calculateBefore = "$valueOne-$valueTwo"

else if (isDivide)

dataModel.calculateBefore = valueOne + getString(R.string.divide) + valueTwo

else if (isMultiply)

dataModel.calculateBefore = "$valueOne x $valueTwo"

dataCalculate()

binding.data = dataModel

private fun concatData (value: Any) {

dataModel.apply {

when (value) {

getString(R.string.add) -> {

if (isShowAnswer) {

calculateBefore = ""

valueOne = ""

valueTwo = ""

isShowAnswer = false

if ((calculate.length == 1 && calculate.substring(0) == "-") ||

(calculateBefore.isNotEmpty() && calculateBefore.substring(calculateBefore.length-1) != "+"))

return

if (calculate.isNotEmpty()) {
 // If calculate has a number then add + and assign to calculateBefore

isAdd = true

addValues()

calculateBefore = "$valueOne+$valueTwo"

calculate = ""

getString(R.string.subtract) -> {

// If calculate is empty and trying to add -

if (isShowAnswer) {

calculateBefore = ""

valueOne = ""

valueTwo = ""

isShowAnswer = false

if (calculate.isEmpty() && calculateBefore.isNotEmpty() && calculateBefore.substring(calculateBefore.length-1) !=

"-") {

calculate = calculate.plus(value)

} else if (calculate.isEmpty() && calculateBefore.isEmpty()) {

calculate = calculate.plus(value)

} else if (calculate.isNotEmpty() && calculate.substring(calculate.length-1) != "-") {

// If calculate has a number then add - and assign to calculateBefore,

// provided the last character should not be -

isSubtract = true

addValues()

calculateBefore = "$valueOne-$valueTwo"

calculate = ""

getString(R.string.multiply) -> {

if (isShowAnswer) {

calculateBefore = ""

valueOne = ""

valueTwo = ""

isShowAnswer = false

}
 if ((calculate.length == 1 && calculate.substring(0) == "-") ||

(calculateBefore.isNotEmpty() && calculateBefore.substring(calculateBefore.length-1) != "x"))

return

if (calculate.isNotEmpty()) {

// If calculate has a number then add * and assign to calculateBefore

isMultiply = true

addValues()

calculateBefore = "$valueOne x $valueTwo"

calculate = ""

getString(R.string.divide) -> {

if (isShowAnswer) {

calculateBefore = ""

valueOne = ""

valueTwo = ""

isShowAnswer = false

if ((calculate.length == 1 && calculate.substring(0) == "-") ||

(calculateBefore.isNotEmpty() && calculateBefore.substring(calculateBefore.length-1) !=

getString(R.string.divide)))

return

if (calculate.isNotEmpty()) {

// If calculate has a number then add / and assign to calculateBefore

isDivide = true

addValues()

calculateBefore = valueOne + getString(R.string.divide) + valueTwo

calculate = ""

getString(R.string.percentage) -> {

if (isShowAnswer) {

calculateBefore = ""

valueOne = ""

valueTwo = ""

isShowAnswer = false
 }

if ((calculate.length == 1 && calculate.substring(0) == "-") ||

(calculateBefore.isNotEmpty() && calculateBefore.substring(calculateBefore.length-1) != "%"))

return

if (calculate.isNotEmpty()) {

// If calculate has a number then add / and assign to calculateBefore

isPercentage = true

addValues()

calculateBefore = "$valueOne%$valueTwo"

calculate = ""

} else -> {

calculate = calculate.plus(value)

binding.data = this

private fun addValues () {

dataModel.apply {

if (calculate.isNotEmpty()) {

if (valueOne.isEmpty()) {

valueOne = calculate

} else {

valueTwo = calculate

private fun dataCalculate() {

dataModel.apply {

var total = 0.0

val numOne: Double

val numTwo: Double

if (valueOne.isNotEmpty() && valueTwo.isNotEmpty()) {

if (valueOne.substring(0) == "-" && valueTwo.substring(0) == "-" ) {

numOne = if (valueOne.length == 2) {

valueOne.substring(1).toDouble()

} else {

valueOne.substring(1, valueOne.length).toDouble()

numTwo = if (valueTwo.length == 2) {

valueTwo.substring(1).toDouble()

} else {

valueTwo.substring(1, valueTwo.length).toDouble()

if (isAdd) {

total = (-numOne + -numTwo)

} else if (isSubtract) {

total = (-numOne - -numTwo)

} else if (isMultiply) {

total = (-numOne * -numTwo)

} else if (isDivide) {

total = (-numOne / -numTwo)

} else if (isPercentage) {

total = ((-numOne / 100.0f) * -numTwo)

} else if (valueOne.isNotEmpty() && valueOne.substring(0) == "-" ) {

numOne = if (valueOne.length == 2) {

valueOne.substring(1).toDouble()

} else {

valueOne.substring(1, valueOne.length).toDouble()

numTwo = if (valueTwo.length > 1) {

valueTwo.substring(0, valueTwo.length).toDouble()

} else {

valueTwo.substring(0).toDouble()

}
 if (isAdd) {

total = (-numOne + numTwo)

} else if (isSubtract) {

total = (-numOne - numTwo)

} else if (isMultiply) {

total = (-numOne * numTwo)

} else if (isDivide) {

total = (-numOne / numTwo)

} else if (isPercentage) {

total = ((-numOne / 100.0f) * numTwo)

} else if (valueTwo.isNotEmpty() && valueTwo.substring(0) == "-" ) {

numOne = if (valueOne.length > 1) {

valueOne.substring(0, valueOne.length).toDouble()

} else {

valueOne.substring(0).toDouble()

numTwo = if (valueTwo.length == 2) {

valueTwo.substring(1).toDouble()

} else {

valueTwo.substring(1, valueTwo.length).toDouble()

if (isAdd) {

total = (numOne + -numTwo)

} else if (isSubtract) {

total = (numOne - -numTwo)

} else if (isMultiply) {

total = (numOne * -numTwo)

} else if (isDivide) {

total = (numOne / -numTwo)

} else if (isPercentage) {

total = ((numOne / 100.0f) * -numTwo)

} else {

numOne = if (valueOne.length > 1)

 valueOne.substring(0, valueOne.length).toDouble()

else

valueOne.substring(0).toDouble()

numTwo = if (valueTwo.length > 1)

valueTwo.substring(0, valueTwo.length).toDouble()

else

valueTwo.substring(0).toDouble()

if (isAdd) {

total = (numOne + numTwo)

} else if (isSubtract) {

total = (numOne - numTwo)

} else if (isMultiply) {

total = (numOne * numTwo)

} else if (isDivide) {

total = (numOne / numTwo)

} else if (isPercentage) {

total = ((numOne / 100.0f) * numTwo)

if (isAdd || isSubtract || isMultiply || isPercentage || isDivide) {

calculate = if (isDecimalDigit() || isDivide) {

if (isDivide && (numTwo == 0.0)) {

"Can't divide by 0"

} else {

total.toString()

} else {

total.toInt().toString()

isShowAnswer = true

isAdd = false
 isSubtract = false

isMultiply = false

isDivide = false

isPercentage = false

binding.data = this

valueOne = ""

valueTwo = ""

private fun clearData () {

dataModel.apply {

calculateBefore = ""

calculate = ""

valueOne = ""

valueTwo = ""

private fun onLongClickListenerAction() {

binding.buttonBackspace.setOnLongClickListener {

clearData()

binding.data = dataModel

true

private fun isDecimalDigit() : Boolean = valueOne.contains(".") || valueTwo.contains(".")

}
Output :

5000 x 4.8
= 24,000