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Introduction To Hibernate ORM Framework

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110 views

Introduction To Hibernate ORM Framework

Uploaded by

SakethBharadwaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Hibernate ORM Framework

➔ ORM (Object-relational mapping) is a programming technique for mapping


application domain model objects to relational database tables.
➔ Hibernate is a Java-based ORM tool that provides a framework for mapping application
domain objects to relational database tables and vice versa.

Java Persistence API (JPA)


➔ The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a Java specification for accessing, persisting, and
managing data between Java objects/classes and a relational database.
➔ JPA acts as a bridge between object-oriented domain models and relational database
systems, making it easier for developers to work with data in their applications.
➔ JPA allows developers to map Java objects to database tables and vice versa using
annotations or XML configuration files.
➔ This abstracts the complexities in converting data between its object-oriented form in
the application and its relational form in the database.
➔ JPA is not an implementation but a specification. Various ORM tools, such as Hibernate,
EclipseLink, and Apache OpenJPA, provide implementations of the JPA specification.
➔ This allows developers to switch between these implementations if needed without
changing the application code that uses JPA.

Hibernate Framework?
➔ Hibernate is a Java-based ORM tool that provides a framework for mapping application
domain objects to relational database tables and vice versa.
➔ Hibernate is the most popular JPA implementation and one of the most popular Java
ORM frameworks.
➔ Hibernate is an additional layer on top of JDBC and enables you to implement a
database-independent persistence layer.
➔ It provides an object-relational mapping implementation that maps your database
records to Java objects and generates the required SQL statements to replicate all
operations to the database.
Features of Hibernate
➔ Transparent Persistence: Hibernate manages the persistence of objects without
requiring significant changes to how those objects are designed.
➔ Database Independence: Applications built with Hibernate are portable across
databases with minimal changes.
➔ Performance Optimization: Features like caching and lazy loading help optimize
performance by reducing database access.
➔ Powerful Query Language: Hibernate Query Language (HQL) offers an object-oriented
extension to SQL, easing data manipulation and retrieval.
➔ Automatic Schema Generation: Hibernate can generate database schemas based on
the object model, simplifying initial setup and migrations.

Hibernate Architecture
Hibernate architecture consists of several layers, including the Java application layer, Hibernate
framework, backhand API, and the database layer. Let's break down the core components:

SessionFactory
A thread-safe, immutable cache of compiled mappings for a single database. SessionFactory is a
heavyweight object, usually created during application initialization and kept for later use.

Session
A single-threaded, short-lived object representing a conversation between the application and
the database. It acts as a factory for Transaction instances and holds a first-level cache of
retrieved data.

Transaction
A unit of work with the database represents an abstraction of the application from the
underlying transaction implementation (JTA or JDBC).

ConnectionProvider
Manages the database connections needed by Hibernate sessions. It abstracts the application
from underlying connection management mechanisms.

TransactionFactory
Creates Transaction instances, hiding the underlying transaction implementation details from the
application.
Benefits of using the Hibernate Framework?
Code Efficiency: Hibernate significantly reduces boilerplate code associated with JDBC, allowing
developers to concentrate on business logic and speeding up development time.
Flexibility in Code: By supporting both XML configurations and JPA annotations, Hibernate
ensures code independence from the implementation, enhancing portability across different
database systems.
Advanced Query Capabilities: HQL (Hibernate Query Language) offers an object-oriented
alternative to SQL, seamlessly integrating with Java's object-oriented features like inheritance,
polymorphism, and associations.
Community and Documentation: As an open-source project backed by the Red Hat
Community, Hibernate benefits from widespread use, a shallow learning curve, extensive
documentation, and robust community support.
Integration with Java EE Frameworks: Hibernate's popularity and support make it easily
integrated with other Java EE frameworks, notably Spring, which offers built-in Hibernate
integration for seamless development.
Performance Optimization: Features like lazy loading, where database operations are deferred
until necessary, and caching mechanisms significantly improve application performance.
Vendor-Specific Features: Hibernate allows for native SQL queries, providing flexibility to utilize
database-specific optimizations and features when needed.
Comprehensive ORM Tool: With its extensive feature set addressing nearly all ORM tool
requirements, Hibernate stands out as a leading choice in the market for object-relational
mapping solutions.

What are the advantages of Hibernate over JDBC?


Simplified Code: Hibernate significantly reduces boilerplate code required in JDBC, making the
codebase cleaner and more readable.
Advanced Mapping Features: Unlike JDBC, Hibernate fully supports object-oriented features
such as inheritance, associations, and collections.
Transaction Management: Hibernate seamlessly handles transaction management, requiring
transactions for most operations, which contrasts with JDBC's manual transaction handling
through commit and rollback.
Exception Handling: Hibernate abstracts boilerplate try-catch blocks by converting JDBC's
checked SQLExceptions into unchecked JDBCException or HibernateException, simplifying error
handling.
Object-Oriented Query Language: HQL (Hibernate Query Language) offers an object-oriented
API, which aligns it more with Java programming concepts than JDBC's need for native SQL
queries.
Caching for Performance: Hibernate's support for caching enhances performance, a feature
not available with JDBC, where queries are directly executed without caching.
Database Synchronization: Hibernate can automatically generate database tables, offering
greater flexibility than JDBC, which requires pre-existing tables.
Flexible Connection Management: Hibernate allows for both JDBC-like connections and JNDI
DataSource connections with pooling, which is essential for enterprise applications and not
supported by JDBC.
ORM Tool Independence: By supporting JPA annotations, Hibernate-based applications are not
tightly bound to Hibernate and can switch ORM tools more easily than JDBC-based applications,
which are closely coupled with the database.

Hibernate Example Tutorial


The General Steps Needed to Integrate and Configure Hibernate

1. Identify the POJOs that have a database representation.


2. Identify which properties of those POJOs need to be persisted.
3. Annotate each of the POJOs to map your Java object's properties to columns in a
database table.
4. Create the database schema using the schema export tool, use an existing
database, or create your own database schema.
5. Add the Hibernate Java libraries to your application’s classpath.
6. Create a Hibernate XML configuration file that points to your database and your
mapped classes.
7. In your Java application, create a Hibernate Configuration object that references
your XML configuration file.
8. Also in your Java application, build a Hibernate SessionFactory object from the
Configuration object.
9. Retrieve the Hibernate Session objects from the SessionFactory, and write your
data access logic for your application (create, retrieve, update, and delete).

Technologies and Tools Used

• Hibernate
• Maven
• Java
• MySQL

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