PRESENTE SIMPLE

USO:

- Acciones habituales, que tienen lugar con cierta frecuencia (sin hacer referencia que se están
haciendo ahora)

- Adverbios de frecuencia: always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely,

hardly ever, never….
- Expresiones de frecuencia: once (una vez) a…, twice (dos veces) a…, three times/ four
times a…, every day/ every month/ every….

I always get up at 7 o’dock / I have never been there / I go to the dentist once a year

- Situaciones permanentes
I live in Madrid

- Verdades generales, en las que no interviene el tiempo, propiedades, etc

The sun rises in the East

- Para hacer sugerencias (why don’t you/we…(por que no…?))

Why don’t we go to the cinema this afternoon?

- Con valor de futuro: horarios, calendarios o programaciones que no dependen de nosotros

The train leaves at 8.40 / The concert starts at 9 o’clock

- Con valor de pasado: hablar de hechos pasados, sensación de cercanía (común en libros de
historia de niños)

Christopher Columbus discovers America by mistake in 1492

AFIRMATIVA NEGARIVA INTERROGATIVA

I work I do not (don’t) work Do i work?

You work You do not (don’t) work Do you work?

He/ she/ it works He/ she/ it does not (doesn’t) work Does he/she/ it work?

We work We do not (don’t) work Do we work?

You work You do not (don’t) work Do you work?

They work They do not (don’t) work Do they work?

1

 PRESENTE CONTINUO
USO:

- Se esta desarrollando ahora

Shut up! I am working (cállate! estoy trabajando)

- Acciones temporales que suceden en el presente pero no precisamente en ese momento

I’m reading an interesting book/ Is Peter working this week? No, he is on holidays/ Sara wants to
work in Germany, so she is learning German

- Con valor de futuro: citas, compromisos, planes jos (tiene que ir acompañado de un
complemento de tiempo)

We are playing a football match this evening (nosotros jugamos un partido de futbol esta noche)/
Mark is going to France next week

- Acción que se repite constantemente, con fastidio. Acompañado de un adverbio “siempre”

(always) u otro parecido

He is always borrowing money from me (el siempre me esta pidiendo dinero)

Presente del TO BE + -ING del verbo principal

AFIRMATIVA NEGARIVA INTERROGATIVA

I am working I am not working Am I working?

You are working You are not working Are you working?

He/ she/ it is working He/ she/ it is not working Is he/she/it working?

We are working We are not working Are we working?

You are working You are not working Are you working?

They are working They are not working Are they working?

COMPARAR
PRESENTE SIMPLE PRESENTE CONTINUO

Excuse me. Do you speak English? Listen! What language is he speaking?

The sun rises in the east Look! The sun’s rising

I play tennis every Monday Mark’s playing baseball now

Presente simple- acciones habituales

Presente continuo- situaciones temporales o puntuales

2

fi
 PASADO SIMPLE
USO:

- Acciones que comenzaron y nalizaron en el pasado y no tienen relación con el presente

I went to London last year

- Acciones repetidas en el pasado

I went every day for a year

- Acciones que duraron un tiempo pero ya han terminado

I lived there for two years

- Suelen ir acompañados de un complemento de tiempo como: yesterday, last week, two years
ago, in 1999, when I was a child

- Verbos regulares e irregulares

- En negativa e interrogativa cuando aparezca did ya no se pone el verbo en pasado, si no

en la forma base (normal)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I / you / he / she / it / we / they I / you / he / she / it / we / they I / you / he / she / it / we / they

Worked Did not (didn’t) work Did ……. work?

3

fi
 PASADO CONTINUO
USO:

- Acción en progreso (desarrollo) en un momento del pasado

What were you doing yesterday evening? / the other day I was talking to your father

- Para hablar de una acción en desarrollo que sufre una interrupción

I was sleeping when the phone rang / I was walking home when I met Dave

En estos casos el pasado continuo habla de la acción más larga, y el simple de la corta que
interrumpe a la larga. Palabra como while, as, when, pueden unir las dos acciones

While his parents were listening to the guide, Pete went upstairs (mientras sus padres
escuchaban al guía, Pete sub las escaleras)

As John was walking upstairs, he saw his friends (mientras John subía las escaleras, vio a sus
amigos)

Paso de TO BE + -ING del verbo

AFIRMATIVA NEGARIVA INTERROGATIVA

I was working I was not (wasn’t) working Was I working?

You were working You were not (weren’t) working Were you working?

He/ she/ it was working He/ she/ it was not (wasn´t) working Was he/she/it working?

We were working We were not (weren’t) working Were we working?

You were working You were not (weren’t) working Were you working?

They were working They were not (weren’t) working Were they working?

PASADOS JUNTOS

- I was watching TV when you came

- She was having a bath when the telephone rang
- She was washing the dishes while I was having a nap (ella lavaba los platos mientras yo dorm
la siesta)

- I said hello to the children, but they didn’t say anything because the were watching TV
- He was working to the o ce earn the telegram arrived
- When he arrived in London, it was raining heavily (cuando llego a Londres llovías mucho)
- Her boyfriend came while she was having a shower

4

ffi
 PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE
USO:

- Acciones del pasado, siempre que NO se indique el tiempo en que sucedieron, entonces seria
pasado simple

I have been to England / Have you ever been to London? Yes, I have been there ( yes, I was there
last summer)

- Acciones que empiezan en el pasado, continuan en el presente y pueden continuar el en futuro,

especialmente con las preposiciones for “durante” y since “desde”

For + periodo de tiempo Since + punto de partida

I have known her for three days / I have had my car for three years / I have had my car since
2000 (tengo mi coche desde el año 2000)

- Acciones pasadas cuyo resultado tiene relación con el presente

I have no money, I have lost my wallet

Y con acciones que han tenido lugar dentro de un periodo de tiempo aun no acabado (today, this
month, this week, this year…)

I haven’t seen her this week

- Con adverbios de tiempo inde nido como:

- Already - “ya” con oraciones a rmativas - algo que sucede antes de lo previsto
I have already nished

- Yet - que algo se alarga mas de lo previsto o mas de lo habitual

- En negativas “todavía” I haven’t nished yet
- En interrogativas “ya” Have you nished yet?
- Just - “acabar de “ que la situación acaba en el momento de hablar
I have just nished my homework

- Any longer, no longer - “ya” en frases negativas

He doesn’t work here any longer / He no longer works here

- Still - “todavía” en frases a rmativas

She is still working

- Tras estas expresiones:

- This / that / it is the rst / second / third…
- This / that / it is the only…
- This / that / it is the best / worst / most interesting…
This is the rst time I have heard that song / it’s one the most interesting books I have ever read
5

fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
 Presente TO HAVE + participio pasado del verbo principal

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I / you / we / they I / you / we / they Have I / you / we / they

Have worked Have not (haven’t) worked Worked?

he / she / it he / she / it Has he / she / it

Has worked Has not (hasn’t) worked Worked?

MAS FRASES:

- Has she already bought a new car?

6

 PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO
USO:

- Acciones que se iniciaron en el pasado y siguen en el momento de hablar

- Acciones o situaciones de naturaleza transitoria (para situaciones de naturaleza permanente
seria con el simple)

That boy has been standing on the corner all day / I have been living in Ann’s at for the last
year / I have been working

Presente perfecto TO HAVE + -ING del verbo principal

7

fl
 PASADO PERFECTO
USO

- Acción pasada anterior a otra

I had worked there before (yo había trabajado allí antes)

When we arrived, the concert had already begun

Pasado simple. Pasado perfecto

When I arrived home, my family had already gone put

Pasado simple Pasado perfecto

Lisa gave me a lift because I had missed the bus

Pasado simple Pasado perfecto

I called you at 8.00, but you had just gone out

Pasado simple. Pasado perfecto

HAD + participio pasado del verbo

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I / you / he / she / it / we / they I / you / he / she / it / we / they I / you / he / she / it / we / they

Had worked Had not (hadn’t) worked Had….worked ?

8

 FUTUROS
FUTURO - PRESENTE SIMPLE

- Acciones programadas con un horario, calendario…

What time does the train arrive in London? / The concert begins at 8.00 o’clock

- A menudo con las conjugaciones

I will phone you when I arrive

FUTURO- PRESENTE CONTINUO

- Citas, planes o compromisos de antemano. Se podrá mencionar fecha o tiempo en el que

sucede, suele ser a corto plazo

What are you doing this evening? / We are going to Mexico next summer

FUTURO DE INTENCION
USO

- Acciones y planes concertados de antemano, que queda claro que había una intención de
llevarlos a cabo previa al momento de contarlo

I am going to get a new car soon / When are you going to get your hair cut?

- Acción o suceso del futuro que esta en vías de realización. Es una predicción con evidencia
She is going to have a baby / it is going to rain / he is going to fall

Be going to + in nitivo (normal)

9

fi
 FUTURO SIMPLE
USO

- Pronósticos : predicciones sin fundamento

Who do you think will win on Saturday? / One day I will be rich

- Decisiones
- Para decisiones tomadas en el momento - will
The phone is ringing. I will answer it

- Para pedir consejo sobre que decision tomar - shall

What shall I do?

- Ofrecimientos y peticiones
- Will- todas las personas menos la 1ª, en singular o plural
- Shall- para la 1ª persona
Shall I carry your bag? / Will you get me a newspaper when you are out?

Will + verbo normal

Shall + verbo normal

AFIRMATIVA NEGARIVA INTERROGATIVA

I will work I will not (won’t) work Will I work?

You will work You will not (won’t) work Will you work?

He/ she/ it will work He/ she/ it will not (won’t) work Will he/she/it work?

We will work We will not (won’t) work Will we work?

You will work You will not (won’t) work Will you work?

They will work They will not (won’t) work Will they work?

Will you go there? Yes, I will / No, I won’t

10

 FUTURO CONTINUO
USO

- Acción en desarrollo en un determinado momento del futuro

This time tomorrow I’ll be living on a beach in Spain

Will be + verbo principal en gerundio -ing

FUTURO PERFECTO
USO

- Una acción o situación habra llegado a su termino antes de un determinado memento del
futuro

They’ll have nished the rooms by Monday

Will have + participio del pasado

11

fi