Safety At Work

Zeni Rahmawati Ph.D

Lab Attire: Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)/ Alat Pelindung Diri (APD)
• Lab coat and goggle.
• No open-toed shoes, sandal, or
high heel.
• No shorts.
• Restrain long hair .
• Use the proper special Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) for
the necessary job
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Special PPE for working with cryogens
 Laboratory Hygiene
• Never eat, drink or smoke in a
laboratory
• Never apply cosmetics
• Never touch your face, mouth or
eyes
• Never suck pens or chew pencils
• Do not store food or beverages in
the lab or in chemical refrigerator
• Do not mouth pipette
• Always wash your hands before
you leave and especially before
eating
 General Tidiness
• Keep your workplace tidy

X
• Label Everything!!!!
• Clear up waste, deal with
washing up and put things
away as you finish with them
• Make sure everything is safe
before you leave things
unattended and report to
techniciant
• A tidy laboratory avoids
contaminations and accidents
to everyone
 Labeling
• Label is a MUST!!!!
• The most dangerous substance is the one that
has no label.
• Label must be clear written (printed or using
pencil)
 Laboratory Equipment
• Never use any
laboratory equipment
unless you are trained &
have been authorised
to do so
• As well as injuring
yourself you may cause
very costly damage
 Glassware

• Never use glassware under pressure or

vacuum unless it is designed for the job and
suitably shielded

• Dispose of chipped or broken glassware – it

is a risk to you and others

• Always dispose of broken glass in a glass bin

or sharps bin and not in a general waste bin
 Gas cylinders
• Never use without formal training
• Minimise the number in a laboratory
– Store externally whenever possible

• Cylinders are heavy and can do serious damage

to you if they fall
– Ensure that they are chained when in use
– Move only with a cylinder trolley

• Use regulators & control equipment suitable for

the gas concerned
• Consider the consequences if your cylinder
leaks
 Cryogenics
• Liquid gasses are extremely cold
and can cause burns
• Liquid gases evaporate and many
can cause asphyxiation
• If you need to take cryogens in a
lift, there are special procedures to
follow – speak to your supervisor or
a senior member of technical staff
• You must have special training to
use them
 Electrical Equipment
• Always do a visual check on
electrical equipment before
use, looking for obvious
wear or defects.
• All portable electrical
equipment must have a
current “PAT test” sticker.
• NEVER use defective
equipment.
Fire Safety

• Make sure that you know what

to do:
– If you have a fire
– If you hear a fire alarm

• If you are a member of staff

you must attend fire training
annually. Post graduates should
also seriously consider doing
so.
 First Aid
• All laboratory workers should
undergo simple first aid training
– For ALL chemical splashes, wash with plenty
of water for 10 minutes

– Control bleeding with direct pressure,

avoiding any foreign bodies such as glass

• Report all accidents to your

supervisor or departmental safety
officer
 When in doubt – ASK!!!
• Do not carry out a new
or unfamiliar procedure
until you have been
fully trained &
understand the
precautions necessary
for safe working
• DO NOT GUESS!!!!
 Thank You!
Emergency

K3L ITS

031 3519 3000

Chemical Handling
Zeni Rahmawati Ph.D
Chemical Categories
 Chemical Life Cycle

Procure

Disposal Storage

Use Transport
 Chemical Storage
1. Check the chemicals before keeping in the storage
MSDS lists:
Product Identity
Hazardous Ingredients
Physical Data
Fire & Explosion Hazard Data
Reactivity Data
Health Hazard Data
Precautions for Safe Handling & Use
Control Measures
 Chemical Storage
How to store chemicals!
• Minimal exposure to people (esc. toxic and corrosive
chemicals)
• Lessen the risk of fire
• Placement based upon MSDS
• Prevents the Mixing of Incompatibles and creation of
an emergency situation!
 Chemical Storage
• Labs have established separate storage areas for
✓ Flammable and combustible organic liquids and solvents
✓ Acids
✓ Dry poisons, salts, and oxidizers
✓ Bases

• Chemicals are stored in

✓ Chemical storage cabinets
✓ Flammable storage refrigerators (No food)
✓ Chemical storage refrigerators/freezers (No food)
✓ On shelves with retaining barriers
 Chemical Storage
• The “Don’ts”
▪ Mixing chemicals, especially liquid vs solid
▪ Storing incompatible chemicals
▪ Storing chemicals near source of heat or
sunlight
▪ Storing in the hoods
▪ Storing acids on metal shelves
▪ Storing chemicals on the floor
 Chemical Storage (Gas)
• Chain or strap cylinders to a wall or use a
cylinder holder.
• Always use a cart & safety chain when
transporting cylinders.
• Store flammable gas lectern bottles in
vented flammable storage cabinet.
• Keep non-compatible gases separate [O2
and CH4].
• Store multiple cylinders by “nesting” .
• No more than 3 flammable, oxygen or
hazardous gas cylinders per lab (Best
Practice).
 Chemical Storage (Gas)

All cylinders
must have tags!
 Chemical Storage
Ideal Storage Area Set-Up

NA, LI Acids
Bases
Room Should Have:
•Eye Wash
Oxidizers
•Safety Shower
Dry
•Emergency Phone Chemicals
•Fire Extinguisher
Spill
Materials Metal Salts Flammables
Nitrates Cabinet
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Chemical Transport
 Chemical Transport
• By hand (short distance) >> secondary container i.e carriying bucket, plastic
bucket, gallon pail.
• Wheeled carts be used whenever feasible.
• Do not use passenger elevators.
• Gas cylinder >>> use a proper gas cylinder hand truck with the cylinder
strapped to the cart and keep the cap in place.
• Avoid riding in elevators with cryogenic liquids or compressed gas cylinders
• Do not transport chemicals in your personal vehicle
 Chemical Transport
• Proper labelling
• No incompatible chemicals (e.g., acids
and bases) together in the same tray or
carrier.
• Long distance: bring spill kit
• Heat sensitive chemicals: bring a cold
pack
• Some chemicals rapidly degrade or
even explode in the presence of strong
temperature changes or bright
sunlight.
 Chemical Use
General rules:
• Consider all chemicals as hazardous.
• Read label directions and precautions
before use.
• Never mix soaps or detergents with
sanitizer.
• Never add caustic based products to hot
or boiling water.
• Never mix alkalis with acids.
• Never mix acids with products containing
chlorine.
 Chemical Use
General Rules:
• Do not breathe vapors
• Use in well-ventilated areas
• Keep container closed when not in use
• Avoid contact with skin
• Wash thoroughly with soap and water after
handling
• Keep away from sparks, heat, and flame
• Do not store near combustible materials
• Store in tightly closed container
• Remove and wash contaminated clothing promptly
• Keep from contact with clothing and other
combustible materials
 Chemical Use

During
• Read MSDS Experiment • Keep the result safely
• Choose wisely • Clean and tidy up
• Label is a must
• Risk assessment • Return the chemicals
• Proper apparatus
• Dispose the waste
• No contamination

Before
After Experiment
Experiment
 Fume Hoods

When to use
• When the MSDS/SDS
says to
• When working with
extremely volatile
chemicals
• High probability of
chemical vapors
 Fume Hoods

FUME HOOD IS NOT A STORAGE!!!!

Thank you
Laboratory Hazard and Risk
Zeni Rahmawati Ph.D
Everyone is doing something dangerous!!!!
 Laboratory Hazard
Chemical

Physical Biological

HAZARD

Psychological Human
 1. Physical Hazard
• Hazards to human body damage caused by
physical energy.

Electric Noise Mechanic Temperature Pressure Radiation

 1. Physical Hazard
• Electrical hazard
 1. Physical Hazard
• Mechanic hazard
1. Physical Hazard
 1. Physical Hazard
• Noise Hazard
Source: Mechanical operation
Impact: Hearing loss, heart rate increase, blood pressure
increase.
 1. Physical Hazard
• Radioactive hazard
Source: radioactive elements, operation of instruments using
radioactive elements, or operation of equipment which may
produce ionizing radiation
– Impact: Cancer, genetic effect, cataract, skin injury, infertility
 1. Physical Hazard
• Non-ionizing radiation hazards
Source: ultraviolet ray, infrared, microwave, laser, etc.
Health hazard: thermal hazard (skin, eyes, etc.)

Laser equipment ultraviolet lamp

 1. Physical Hazard
• Temperature hazard
Impact: Burn and frostbite
 2. Chemical Hazard
• Hazardous: Poisoning or corrosion caused by contact with
chemicals via inhalation, ingestion, injection or spray on skin,
or other channels.
• Dangerous: Disasters, such as fire and explosion, caused by
energy released from chemical reaction during use of
chemicals.
 2. Chemical Hazard
Hazard Identification
 3. Biological Hazard
• Plants, animals, microorganisms, or their derivates with high
potential for affecting human health or causing discomfort.
• Sources:
Needle stick injury
Inhalation of aerosol containing pathogens
Biting or scratching by pathogen-carrying
experimental animals.
• Types of biological hazards:
Infection
Allergy
Poisoning
 4. Human-Factor Hazard
• Repetitive movement
• Forceful extersion
• Posture awareness
• Contact stress
• Organizational risk
 5. Psychological Hazard
• Pressure related to work sheet, burnout,
working long hours, etc
• Unfocused, accident, disaster.
 THANK YOU!

BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY!!!

Chemical Disposal
Zeni Rahmawati Ph.D
 Chemical Life Cycle

Procure

Disposal Storage

Use Transport
 Chemical Disposal

Waste Disposal
• Proper labeling

• Proper storage
Chemical • Pre-planning
Disposal
• Record-keeping
Minor Major
Spill Spill

Unintentional and uncontrolled release of a chemical

 Chemical Disposal (Spill)
• Spill Kit
• All spill kits should contain:
– Vinyl and nitrile gloves; safety goggles, plastic
shoe protectors, dustpan, polyethylene trash
bags, adsorbent pads/pillows.
• Labs working with solvents should also have:
– 5 gallon bucket of sorbent or “kitty litter”
(labeled)
• Labs working with acids:
– 5 gallon bucket of Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 or
similar.
• Labs using Hg should have a commercial spill kit.
• Kits must be labeled and readily accessible. All lab
workers need to know of the kits and their location.
 Chemical Disposal (Spill)
• If a spill occurs
– Do not panic
– Determine the identity of the spilled substance
– Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
– Assess the situation
– Cordon off the area
– Determine the severity of the spill
• Major vs. minor
 Chemical Disposal (Spill)
Minor Spill
• Alert people in immediate area of spill
• Wear appropriate protective gloves,
goggles, long sleeve lab coat
• Avoid breathing vapors from the spill
• Confine spill to small area& absorb on
absorbent pads &/or kitty litter
• Clean spill area with soap & water
• Collect all contaminated absorbent,
gloves & residues in plastic bag lined
garbage can
• Label and dispose of properly
 Chemical Disposal (Spill)
Major spill

• Attend to injured or contaminated persons and remove them from

the exposure if you can do so without endangering yourself

• Alert persons in the area to evacuate the lab

• If spilled material is flammable, turn off heat and ignition sources

• Call person in charge

• Close doors to affected area

 Cleaning: Removing Dust Spills

• Don’t sweep
• Wet wipe or vacuum
• For hazardous materials, use HEPA vacuum

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 Cleaning: Removing Liquid Spills
• The response to a spill should be
proportionate to the hazard
• Clean spills immediately

Small spill – quick

clean

Larger, hazardous spill –

major clean
Protect yourself first

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 Cleaning yourself!

Don’t shake, or brush clothing,

or use compressed air Wet wipe, mist shower or
vacuum

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 Cleaning yourself

Wash hands regularly

Shower at shift end Separate clean/dirty clothes

DON’T bring work clothes home
Get clothes cleaned regularly
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 Chemical Disposal (Waste)

Pre-Disposal
• Sorted by compatibility
• In approved containers
• Tighten caps
• Ensure contents are properly identified
• Final Destination: IPAL (Instalasi Pengolahan
Air Limbah KIMIA
Chemical Disposal
Contact PIC

Contact PIC
 Thank You!

Never throw away chemicals into the sink!

Risk Assessment
Zeni Rahmawati Ph.D
 Risk Assessment

To assess the severity of a risk

The consequences of the event

The chance that it will occur

 Identify

RISK
Assess Control

Before: Establish the context

After: Monitor and review
Always: Consult and communicate
Risk Assessment
 The Advantages
• Reduced frequency of injuries.
• Reduced costs for paperwork, litigation and payouts.
• Compliance with the law.
• Helps maintain variety of chemicals and equipments.
 Protocol
• The scope of the project or
experiment
• The substances and
processes/ techniques
• The potential hazards
involved.
• The level of risk
• The actions and controls to be
taken
• Monitor and review
Filling Up Risk Assessment
Filling Up Risk Assessment
Filling Up Risk Assessment
Thank You