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Biomedical Waste Management 2222

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25 views15 pages

Biomedical Waste Management 2222

Fjhdsgjmgcddfh ghjkhf gjjttvbnnnnnbvbbvvvhhhhhhh bhhhhhh half good fish to isi fo odissi do isi gf of

Uploaded by

himanshu jindal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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[ Bio-medical waste j

Medical care is vital for our life, health and well being, But the waste
generated from medical activities can be hazardous, toxic and even
lethal because of their high potential for diseases transmission.

The hazardous and toxic parts of \\'aste from health care establishments
comprising infectious, bio-medical and radio-active material as well as sharps
(hypodermic needles, knives, scalpels etc.) constitute a grave risk, if these are
not properly treated/disposed or is allowed to gel mixed with other municipal
waste.
..Definition j
'Bio-medical waste' means any solid and/or liquid waste including
its container and any intermediate product, which is generated during
the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals
or in research pertaining thereto or in the production or testing
thereof.

Types of Medical Waste

• ,
-~
.
- .
·i, '/,
\,::.-----'j
- -.- .,,_,,,
.,,,,
~ -.
lnfec:ttoua wa.ote Shatp■ waste Pharmaceutical Radloactlw Non- hazardoua
waste waste waste
I What are the Types of Medical Waste?
I
1. Infectious " 'astes: These are materials contaminated by water and body
fluids, cultures and stocks of infectious organisms, and patient wastes
from isolation wards.
2. Pathological ,vostc: These include tissue material of hu,nans, organs,
fluids, and animal carcass.
3. Sharps ,vastc: These include used needles, syringes, disposable scalpels
and blades.
4. Chernical " 'aste: Materials like heavy metals in devices, solvents in
laboratory reagents and detergents.
5. Pharmaceutical ,vaste: Waste materials that include unused,
contaminated, expired drugs and vaccines.
6. Genotoxic ,,•aste: Hazardous, mutagenic, carcinogenic and cytotoxic
drugs in cancer treatment and metabolites.
7. Radiooctivc \\•a stc: Products including radioactive diagnostic and
therapeutic materials.
8. Non-hazardous " 'aste: Materials that are not biological, chemical or
radioactive hazards.
W hat are the Sources of Health-Care Waste?

The major sources of health care " 'aste arc:


I) Hospitals, nursing homes and health care facilities
2) Diagnostic research and laboratory centers
3) Blood bank/Autopsy and mortuary centers
4) Animal research centers
5) Palliative and rehabilitative centers
6) Blood bank and pathology centers

Major Soarc:es of Bealtb-C•r• Waste


Hospitals, nursing + Mortuary
homes and centers
health care

Laboratory Blood bank


centers centers

~ vvY'l\v medlnd1a net


LMinor Sources of Biomedical waste_,

I. Physicians/ dentists' clinics


2. Animal houses/slaughter houses.
3. Blood donation camps.
4. Vaccination centers.
5. Acupuncturists/psychiatric clinics/cosmetic piercing.
6. Funeral services.
7. Institutions for disabled persons

ROSPIT-'LS. IIIO Tl!ClfNOLOCICAL


BLOOD BANKS
HEALTH CARE INSTITUTlON
C ENTERS
What ar,e the 1-lealth Impacts of Health Care Waste? I
I) Exposure to toxic chemicals like mercury, xylene and fonnalin can result
in chemical Injuries among health persoooel and patients in contact.
2) Improper disposal and lack of properly designed landfills result in contamination
or water and exposure to toxic wastes.
3) Inadequate incineration can result in toxic air pollution; the failure to use proper
tilters adds to the release of such pollutants into the air. Incineration of chlorine
containing waste produces dioxins that are carcinogens.
4) Lack of segregation of the biomedical wastes can risk an exposure to sharps
among the workers of waste disposal and treatinent. Even one needle stick Injury
from an infected S-Ource patient can result in 30% risk of Hepatitis B virus, 1.8%
risk of Hepatitis C virus and 0.3% risk of Human immunodeficiency virus.
S) Open waste dumping results in piling up of the waste which attracts insects;
these dumps during in the rains become breeding areas for the insects and as
sources for vectors which spread infectious disease.
6) Pouring of the antibiotics into the drain results in the killing of required
microbes and altering the environment that helps In the breakdown of
biological matt.er In septic tanks.
•
•
•
• •
l Why do Waste Management Practices Fail? J

• Manage111ent of \vaste requires diligent k.J10\vledge and practice.


Though there are laws available and i1n plemented. there still exists a
fail ure in proper waste disposal. Some of the concerns that require to
be addressed are:
1. Lack of awareness of health hazards related to health care waste.
2. Lack of training on proper waste disposal practices.
3. Absence of available constructed waste disposal systems.
4. A low priority level even after knowing the harmful effects of improper
waste disposal.
5. A lack of funds and resources towards constructing waste disposal
systems.
6. Occupational risks to health care waste exist but have not been efficiently
addressed.
Steps In The Management Of Biom~dical Waste

S11rl'ey ofwuste !.'


~r:£'11erate,I.

Trellt111e11t of Segreglltio11
wa.-.re. of hospitlll

Trll11sportlltio11 Cnllectio11 &


nfll'USII!. Cutegori:uti1111
of,raste.

Storage af
ll'flste.( .Vot
hl!yt111tl .J,~ hrs. )
ooi~JJ:1 \?41-10
Yellow Humnn & Animal nnnromicnl \\•nstc / Micro- Incineration / Deep burial
biology waste and soiled conon/ dressings/
linen/beddings etc.
Red Tubing's, Catheters, Iv sets. Autoclaving I Microwaving I
Chemical 1rcatmen1
Blue / \1/as1e sharps Autoclaving / Microwaving /
White ( Needles, Syringes, Scalpels, blades etc. Chemical 1reatmen1 &
Destruction / Shredding
Black Discarded medicines/ cytotoxic drugs, Disposal in secured landfill.
Incineration ash, Chemical was1e.

llltft:11o-•-
t............ wf-
....,, I'"'"_,.
.........
I I
Segregation of Biomedical Waste

Human/Animal anatomical waste

►
Soiled w•lt•, Expired medicine
Chemical waste, Body fluid, Clinical waste

Contaminated waste (Recyc lable)


Plastic bags, Bottles
Pipes , Container, Cathete rs

Scalpels, Blades, NNdles


Syrin1e1 with fiMd nNdle
Sharp metals, Needle tip cutter

Broken glassware, Cytotoxic waste

►
Metallic body implant
Contaminated glasses including medicine vials
.Methods of disposal for Biomedical Waste j

• Incineration
• Autoclaving
• Microwaving
• Chemicals

STEll>LWAI'! 100

l
• Incineration Technology: This is a high temperature thennal process
employing combustion of the waste under controlled condition for
converting them into inert material and gases.

• Autoclaving: An autoclave is a machine that provides a physical method


of sterilization by killing bacteria, viruses, and even spores present in the
material In general, an autoclave is run at a temperature of 121 ° C for at
least 30 minutes

• Microwave irradiation: At a frequency of about 2450 MHz and a


wavelength of 12.24 cm, microwaves destroy the majority of
. .
1n1croorgan1sms.

• Chemical Methods: I % hypochJorite solution can be used for chemical


disinfection.

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