Biology 11 – Practice Final Exam

Instructions – circle the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer.

1.) A light microscope's usefulness in studying viruses is restricted by

a.) the size of the oculars. c.) its image.

b.) the size of the objective. d.) its limit of resolution.

2.) The lens at the top of the microscope tube is called the

a.) diaphragm. c.) objective.

b.) ocular. d.) course adjustment.

3.) In the diagram below the arrow is pointing at what structure?

a.) the Stage. c.) the Diaphragm.

b.) the Base. d.) the Revolving Nose Piece.

4.) If a microscope is set up so that the total power of magnification is 400 , and the ocular lens has a

power of 10 , what must the power of the objective lens be?

a.) 4000 c.) 500

b.) 40 d.) 4

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5.) If the specimen in the image below is being viewed under high power and the field of view is

450 (micrometers) what is the approximate width of the specimen?

a.) 1000 c.) 630

b.) 1650 d.) 110

6.) All organisms must

a.) take in food. c.) use energy.

b.) reproduce. d.) maintain a steady temperature.

7.) The line between life and non-life becomes blurred in trying to describe

a.) bacteria. c.) snowballs.

b.) viruses. d.) trees (wood).

8.) All organisms that consist of a single cell are

a.) multicellular. c.) plants.

b.) unicellular. d.) animals.

9.) Two cells from different individuals unite to produce the first cells of a new organism by

a.) rapid growth. c.) asexual reproduction.

b.) slow development. d.) sexual reproduction.

10.) Plants, unlike animals, carry on

a.) digestion. c.) catabolism.

b.) photosynthesis. d.) anabolism.

11.) An organism's ability to maintain STABLE conditions necessary for life is called

a.) metabolism. c.) growth spurt.

b.) synthesis. d.) homeostasis.

12.) The end of the life span of each individual is called

a.) death. c.) growth.

b.) aging. d.) reproduction.

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13.) During growth, most living things go through a cycle of change known as

a.) aging. c.) sexual reproduction.

b.) asexual reproduction. d.) development.

14.) Normal genetic DNA is found in which part of a cell?

a.) #1 c.) #3

b.) #2 d.) #4

15.) A DNA Nucleotide consists of each of the following basic parts except a

a.) 5-carbon sugar. c.) phosphate group.

b.) 6-carbon starch. d.) nitrogenous base.

16.) After DNA replication, the two DNA molecules that are made

a.) are complimentary. c.) must replicate again.

b.) are identical. d.) cannot replicate again.

17.) Bacteriophages are

a.) tiny bacteria. c.) coils of ribonucleic acid.

b.) bacteria of the same type. d.) viruses that attack bacteria.

18.) Amino acids are used to produce

a.) Fats. c.) Vitamins.

b.) Carbohydrates. d.) Proteins.

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19.) The two strands of a DNA within a single DNA molecule are

a.) purines. c.) complementary.

b.) pyrimidines. d.) identical.

20.) Which of the following statements is NOT part of the "Cell Theory"?

a.) A cell is the smallest unit of life.

b.) Cells can only come from pre-existing cells.

c.) All life forms consist of one or more cells.

d.) All types of cells have the ability to undergo meiosis.

21.) A nucleotide found in DNA does NOT consist of a

a.) polymerase. c.) phosphate group.

b.) 5-carbon sugar. d.) nitrogenous base.

22.) When a specific molecule of DNA is analyzed, it is found that 20% of the bases are Adenine,
therefore, which statement below must be true.

a.) 30% of the bases must be Cytosine. c.) 20% of the bases must be Guanine.

b.) 30% of the bases must be Thymine. d.) none of the above statements is accurate.

23.) Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as

a.) translation. b.) replication. c.) transformation. d.) transcription.

24.) In DNA - Adenine and Thymine

a.) are joined by two weak hydrogen bonds. c.) are joined by ionic bonds.

b.) alternately bond with a sugar. d.) are joined by three weak hydrogen bonds

25.) If one strand of DNA has the nitrogenous base sequence ATCGT, the sequence of bases on the
other complimentary strand is

a.) ATCGT. b.) TAGCA. c.) AUCGU. d.) UAGCA.

26.) The pattern of bases in DNA is most important in helping cells produce?

a.) water. b.) proteins. c.) fats . d.) vitamins.

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27.) The double ringed nitrogenous bases found in DNA are called

a.) Purines. c.) Pyrimidines.

b.) Riboses. d.) Deoxyriboses.

28.) Which best describes the shape of DNA?

a.) An alpha helix. c.) A double helix.

b.) A triple helix. d.) A spindle.

29.) If an organism has 24 chromosomes in each diploid body cell, its haploid (1N) cells will contain . . .

a.) 6. b.) 12. c.) 24. d.) 48.

30.) To maintain the chromosome number of an organism, the gametes must

a.) become diploid. c.) be produced by mitosis.

b.) become recessive. d.) be produced by meiosis.

31.) Which term is least closely related to the others?

a.) gamete. b.) zygote. c.) egg. d.) sperm.

32.) The long, slow process of change in a species over time is

a.) fitness. c.) diversity.

c.) adaptation. d.) evolution.

33.) Which of the following DOES NOT provide evidence that supports the theory of evolution?
a.) Vestigial Organs. c.) Biogeographical Evidence.

b.) Fossil Record. d.) Homologous Structures.

e.) All of the above provide support.

34.) Another name for Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection is …

a.) Survival of the Fittest. c.) Spontaneous Generation.

b.) Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. d) Cell Theory.

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35.) The preserved remains of ancient organisms are called

a.) imprints. c.) fossils.

b.) impressions. d.) petrified structures.

36.) The long necks and legs of giraffes are examples of

a.) homologies. c.) diversities.

b.) adaptations. d.) environmental changes.

37.) An example of a group of homologous structures is

a.) arms, paws, tails. c.) arms, wings, flippers.

b.) wings, feet, teeth. d.) flippers, hoofs, beaks.

38.) The human appendix is an example of a(n)

a.) homologous structure. c.) vestigial organ.

b.) essential organ. d.) embryonic structure.

39.) Which of the following is NOT a structural adaptation?

a.) needles on a cactus. c.) a turtle's shell.

b.) toxins produced by a venomous snake. d.) webbed feet of a duck.

40.) The fossil record indicates that several times in the past, huge numbers of species have
disappeared suddenly in a phenomenon known as

a.) speciation. c.) convergent evolution.

b.) divergent evolution. d.) mass extinction.

41.) Evolution does not occur unless something upsets a population's

a.) genotype. c.) genetic equilibrium.

b.) phenotype. d.) camouflage.

42.) Divergent evolution is also known as

a.) adaptive radiation. c.) genetic recombination.

b.) speciation. d.) survival of the fittest.

43.) All the individuals of the same species in a given area form a

a.) gene pool. c.) phenotype.

b.) niche. d.) population.

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44.) The controversial theory proposed to explain gaps in the fossil record as illustrated below is known
as…

a.) gradualism. c.) natural selection.

b.) punctuated equilibrium. d.) inheritance of acquired traits.

45.) The success of an organism in passing on its genes is a definition of

a.) fitness. c.) adaptation.

b.) speciation. d.) radiation.

46.) The combination of an organism's habitat and its role in that habitat is called a

a.) population. c.) gene pool

b.) fitness. d.) niche.

47.) New species usually form only when populations

a.) have similar gene pools. c.) are isolated.

b.) have genetic drift. d.) are in adjoining niches.

48.) The evolution of one-hump and two-hump camels is probably the result of

a.) convergent evolution. c.) divergent evolution.

c.) genetic drift. d.) adaptation.

49.) The evolution of Darwin's finches is an example of

a.) equilibrium. c.) convergent evolution

b.) artificial selection. d.) adaptive radiation.

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50.) The diagram illustrates what is known as …

a.) Evolutionary Dichotomous Key. c.) Disruptive Divergent Tree.

b.) Gradualism Niche Key. d.) Phylogenetic Tree.

51.) The scientific name for humans is most properly written as

a.) Homo Sapiens. c.) Homo sapiens.

b.) homo Sapiens. d.) Homo Sapiens.

52.) The smallest (most specific) taxon is

a.) kingdom. c.) order.

b.) phylum. d.) species.

53.) Unlike a plant, a plantlike protist

a.) is unicellular. c.) uses mitochondria.

b.) has a prokaryotic cell d.) contains chloroplasts.

54.) A multicellular eukaryotic organism that has a cell wall that lacks a cell wall is….

a.) a plant. b.) an animal. c.) a fungus. d.) a protist.

55.) The double-naming system introduced by Linnaeus is

a.) based solely on Greek names. c.) known as binomial nomenclature.

b.) not used for microorganisms. d.) used only for eukaryotes.

56.) Within a phylum, the next (first) taxonomic category is known as…

a.) a kingdom b.) an order c.) a class. d.) a family.

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57.) Solely from its name, you know that Rhizopus niqricans must be

a.) a plant c.) in the species niqricans.

b.) an animal. d.) in the family Rhizopus.

58.) If a one-celled autotrophic organism contains membrane-enclosed organelles, it must be a(n)

a.) protist. b.) plant-like protist. c.) animal-like protist. d.) fungus-like protist.

59.) From fossil evidence, scientists believe that the earliest life forms on Earth were

a.) eukaryotes. b.) prokaryotes. c.) animals. d.) plants.

60.) An organism that lacks both a mitochondria and a nucleus, and primarily uses binary fission for
reproduction must belong to KINGDOM…

a.) Plantae. b.) Fungi. c.) Animalia. d.) Monera.

61.) What best describes the composition of the specimen below?

a.) It consists of a nucleic acid with a protein capsid.

b.) It consists of a fatty cholesterol membrane and DNA.
c.) It consists of a cuticle and a nucleic acid.
d.) It is a prokaryotic cell.

62.) The virus below has what shape?

a.) Complex. c.) Helical.

b.) Polyhedral. d.) Spirilla.

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63.) Which of the following is caused by a VIRUS?

a.) Red Tide. c.) Whooping Cough.

b.) Elephantiasis. d.) Influenza.

64.) The genetic information in a RETROVIRUS is copied from what to what after it enters a host cell?

a.) DNA  RNA c.) DNA  DNA

b.) RNA  DNA d.) RNA  RNA

65.) The diagram below illustrates what is known as….

a.) The lysogenic cycle. c.) A lytic cycle.

b.) A temperate phage. d.) Binary fission.

66.) The diagram below represents…

a.) a prokaryotic cell. c.) a eukaryotic cell.

b.) a virus. d.) a protist.

67.) The shape of the organism above is best described as…

a.) coccus. c.) oblong.

b.) spirillum. d.) bacillus.

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68.) A "prophage" can exist in a host cell for a period of time before becoming active in . . .

a.) Binary fision. c.) A lytic cycle.

b.) A lysogenic cycle. d.) An endospore.

69.) An injection of a weakened (deactivated) virus into a host animal/human in an effort to stimulate
the immune system to build up immunity to the virus or bacteria is an example of . . .

a.) an antibiotic. c.) interferon.

b.) an antibody. d.) a vaccine.

70.) A structure that forms when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and
part of its cytoplasm is called a (an) . . .

a.) capsid. c.) endospore.

b.) proglottid. d.) prophage.

71.) Cells that can only carry out energy producing reactions in the ABSENCE of oxygen are known as . . .

a.) Obligate Anaerobes . c.) Facultative Anaerobes.

b.) Obligate Aerobes. d.) Facultative Aerobes.

72.) A unique characteristic of Cyanobacteria is that…

a.) they are pathogenic . c.) they are heterotrophic.

b.) they are parasitic. d.) they are autotrophic.

73.) Substances that can be taken into the body to kill bacteria…
a.) Vaccines. c.) Antivirals.

b.) Antibiotics. d.) Disinfectants.

74.) The most ancient of bacteria that live in oxygen-free, extremely harsh environments such as very
salty, very acidic, extremely hot environments are termed…

a.) Eubacteria. c.) Cyanobacteria.

b.) Archaebacteria. d.) Prochlorobacteria.

75.) The bacteria shown in the image below would best be classified as…

a.) Staphylococcal. c.) Streptobacillus.

b.) Staphylobacillus. d.) Streptococcal.

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76.) The proper classification for bacteria that can use sunlight for energy and to build organic
compounds for nutrition is…

a.) Phototrophic autotrophs. c.) Phototrophic heterotrophs.

b.) Chemotrophic autotrophs. d.) Chemotrophic heterotrophs.

77.) An ecological benefit associated with many bacteria, is their ability to convert nitrogen in the
atmosphere into a useable form for plants. This process is called…

a.) Nitrification. c.) Denitrification.

b.) Autotrophic Nitration. d.) Nitrogen Fixation.

78.) Any bacteria that exhibit the following characteristics:

- Thin cell wall - Absorb Safranine Stain during Gram staining - Appear pink after Gram
Staining

a.) Gram Positive Bacteria. c.) Methanogenic Bacteria.

b.) Gram Neutral Bacteria. d.) Gram Negative Bacteria.

79.) The diagram below illustrate a process best described as….

a.) Asexual reproduction in bacteria called conjugation.

b.) Sexual reproduction in bacteria called binary fission.
c.) Sexual reproduction in bacteria called conjugation.
d.) Asexual reproduction in bacteria called binary fission.

80.) What best describes KINGDOM PROTISTA?

a.) Multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs that lack a cell wall.

b.) Unicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs.

c.) Multicellular prokaryotes.

d.) Unicellular eukaryotes.

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81.) Which of the following is a phylum of heterotrophic Protists?

a.) Euglenophyta. c.) Porifera.

b.) Pyrrophyta. d.) Sarcodina.

Use the diagram below to answer the next three questions:

#2

#1

82.) The organism above is a heterotrophic Protist. Which phylum does it belong to?

a.) Ciliophora. c.) Sarcodina.

b.) Euglenophta . d.) Zoomastigina.

83.) The structure that arrow #1 is pointing to, is called…

a.) the oral groove. c.) a macronucleus.

b.) contractile vacuole . d.) a pellicle.

84.) The structure that arrow #2 is pointing to, is called. . .

a.) the contractile vacuole. c.) the pellicle.

b.) the endoplasm. c.) the oral groove.

85.) Which of the following phyla would contain Fungus-Like Protists?

a.) Chrysophyta. c.) Sporozoa.

b.) Myxomycota. d.) Bryophyta.

86.) Which best describes the "Endosymbiont Hypothesis"?

a.) Prokaryotes once lived within eukaryotes as endosymbionts.

b.) Prokaryotes once lived within another moneran as endosymbionts.

c.) Eukaryotes once lived within prokaryotes as endosymbionts.

d.) Eukaryotes once lived within another moneran as endosymbionts.

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87.) The phylum where all non-mobile animal-like protists belong?

a.) Sarcodina. c.) Zoomastigina.

b.) Sporozoa. d.) Ciliophora.

Use the diagram below to answer the next two questions:

88.) The animal-like protist above belongs to which phylum?

a.) Ciliophora. c.) Zoomastigina.

b.) Sarcodina. d.) Myxomycota.

89.) The arrow is pointing at a cellular extension termed…

a.) a pellicle. c.) a phagocytic vacuole.

b.) a parapodium. d.) a pseudopod.

90.) Which response below best describes an animal-like protist called Plasmodium vivax?

a.) It is a Zoomastiginan that causes Beaver Fever.

b.) It is a Sporozoite carried by the anopheles mosquito that causes malaria.

c.) It is a Pyrrophyte that is responsible for Red Tide.

d.) It is a Sarcodinan that causes Amoebic Dysentery.

91.) Members of phylum Pyrrophyta are known as..

a.) Dinoflaggellates. c.) Diatoms.

b.) Phytoflagellates. d.) Red Algae.

94.) The phylum Acrasiomycetes includes the …

a.) Dinoflagellates. c.) Cellular Slime Molds.

b.) Diatoms. d.) Acellular Slime Molds.

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95.) Waste material leaves the body of a paramecium through the…

a.) Anal Pore. c.) Contractile Vacuole.

b.) Oral Groove . d.) Pellicle.

Use the diagram below to answer the next two questions:

96.) What best describes the organism above?

a.) Giardia belonging to Zoomastigina.

b.) A dinoflagellate belonging to Sarcodina.

c.) A euglena belonging to Euglenophyta.

d.) Plasmodium vivax belonging to Acrasiomycota.

98.) In the absence of sunlight, the organism above can live as a (an). . .

a.) heterotroph . c.) parasite.

b.) autotroph. d.) virus.

99.) Which is NOT a characteristic of "African Sleeping Sickness"?

a.) It attacks the muscular and nervous systems of the victim.

b.) It is causes by a trypanosome.

c.) It is carried by the Anopholes mosquito.

d.) Its symptoms include chills, fever, skin rash and lethargy (lack of energy).

100.) The term that is LEAST closely related to the other terms?
a.) Cilia. c.) Plasmodium.

b.) Flagella. d.) Pseudopod.

101.) The wide range of colours in algae depends upon the presence of…

a.) Chlorophyll A and B. c.) Chlorophyll A and D.

b.) Chlorophyll A and C. d.) Accessory Pigments.

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102.) As blue wavelengths of light are transmitted deeper than other colours of the visible spectrum,
algae from which phyla contain the pigments that can best absorb blue light. These algae are
therefore found in the deepest depths of the ocean.

a.) Rhodophyta. c.) Chlorophyta.

b.) Phaeophyta. d.) Cyanophyta.

103.) Based off of the main types of pigments they possess as well as the primary way they store their
products of photosynthesis as starch, all simple and more advanced terrestrial plants are most
closely related to which algal phylum?

a.) Rhodophyta . c.) Chlorophyta.

b.) Phaeophyta. d.) Chrysophyta.

Use the diagram below to answer the next two questions:

104.) The picture above represents which of the following?

A) An alga called Spirogyra belonging to Chlorophyta.

B) An alga called Fucus belonging to Phaeophyta.

C) An alga called Volvox belonging to Chlorophyta.

D) An alga called Chlamydomonas belonging to Phaeophyta.

105.) The dark circular structures that the two arrows are pointing at are . . .

a.) Nuclei that store the DNA.

b.) Zygospores that remain dormant until more favourable conditions arise.

c.) Conjugation sori.

d.) Pyrenoids that store starch.

106.) What alga is shown to the right and what morphology (form) does it represent?

a.) Chlamydomonas with colonial morphology.

b.) Macroscopic Ulva with multicellular morphology.
c.) Chlamydomonas with unicellular morphology.
d.) Spirogyra with multicellular filamentous morphology .
e.) Volvox with colonial morphology.

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107.) Which of the following statements is NOT true of Asexual Reproduction?

a.) Organisms make identical copies (clones) of oneself. b.) It requires only one individual.

c.) It usually happens fairly quickly. d.) It increases genetic diversity.

108.) The structures of Bryophytes which penetrate the ground for anchorage and absorption of water
are referred to as…

a.) True roots. c.) Rhizomes.

b.) Rhizoids. d.) Protonema.

109.) In the alternation of generations seen in Moss, the dominant (most abundant) stage of the plant is
called the . . .

a.) Haploid Gametophyte generation. c.) Diploid Gametophyte generation.

b.) Haploid Sporophyte generation. d.) Diploid Sporophyte generation.

Use the diagram below to answer the next two questions:

110.) In the above diagram the structure that produces and houses the "egg" is called the . . .

a.) Antheridium. c.) Archegonium.

b.) Pistil. d.) Sporangium.

111.) Inside the "capsule" (see structure "X"), what type of cell division is occurring to help produce the
haploid spores?

a.) Fertilization. c.) Binary Fission.

b.) Meiosis. d.) Mitosis.

112.) Which of the following is NOT found in Mosses?

a.) Flagellated sperm. c) Diploid sporophyte.

b.) Waxy cuticle. d.) Chlorophyll A and B.

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113.) What taxonomic descriptions below best describes FERNS?
a.) Vascular Bryophytes. c.) Tracheophytes belonging to subphylum Spermopsida.

b.) Non-vascular Tracheophytes. d.) Tracheophytes belonging to subphylum Pteridophyta.

114.) Which of the following is an advancement that Ferns have over Moss?

a.) a waxy cuticle on the sporophyte. c.) non-flagellated sperm.

b.) a dominant gametophyte generation. d.) production of a seed.

Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions:

F
115.) In the above diagram structure "B" represents . . .

a.) a protonema . c.) a pistil.

b.) a prothallium. d.) a stamen.

116.) Which letter in the above diagram would represent a "Fiddle Head"?

a.) A c.) D

b.) C d.) F

117.) Which of the following vascular tissues is responsible for shipping around water with dissolved
minerals throughout the plant?

a.) Phloem. c.) Guard Cells.

b.) Xylem. d.) Cuticle.

118.) Which of the following is NOT a GYMNOSPERM?

a.) Cycads. c.) Ginkos.

b.) Conifers. d.) Monocots.

119.) The lengthening of a shoot or root is known as . . .

a.) primary growth. c.) tertiary growth.

b.) secondary growth. d.) cambium growth.

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120.) Which best describes "Double Fertilization" that gives rise to a SEED?

a.) A haploid sperm unites with a haploid polar cell to form a diploid endosperm, while another haploid
sperm unites with a diploid egg to form a triploid zygote.

b.) A diploid sperm unites with a haploid polar cell to form a triploid endosperm, while another
haploid sperm unites with a haploid egg to form a diploid zygote.

c.) A haploid sperm unites with a haploid polar cell to form a diploid endosperm, while another diploid
sperm unites with a haploid egg to form a triploid zygote.

d.) A haploid sperm unites with a diploid polar cell to form a triploid endosperm, while another
haploid sperm unites with a haploid egg to form a diploid zygote.

121.) In the diagrams below, what type of CONIFER is being represented?

a.) A spruce tree. c.) A cedar tree.

b.) A pine tree . d.) A fir tree.

122.) Approximately how old is the tree below?

a.) 20 years old. c.) 10 years old.

b.) 5 years old. d.) rings cannot be used to determine the age of a tree.

123.) Unlike a "monocot", a dicot . . .

a.) has two cotyledons. c.) produces flowers.

b.) produces seeds. d.) has parallel veins in its leaves.

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125.) Which of the following is NOT part of a typical LEAF?

a.) Cuticle. c.) Spongy Mesophyll.

b.) Epidermis. d.) Palisade Mesophyll.

e.) All of the above are parts of a leaf.

126.) Which cells primarily function to regulate the movement of water and gases out of a leaf?

a.) Guard Cells. c.) Apical Meristem.

b.) Spongy mesophyll. d.) Phloem cells.

Use the diagram below to answer the next four questions:

A E

B F

G
C
H

D I

127.) Which structure represents the STIGMA?

a.) A b.) B c.) C d.) D e.) E

128.) Where is POLLEN produced and then dispersed from?

a.) D b.) B c.) I d.) F

129.) Structure "J" is . . .

a.) an anther. b.) a stigma. c.) a sepal. d.) a pistil. E) a petal.

130.) The flower shown above normally has a total of 5 Petals, what description below best describes
this type of flower?

a.) It is a complete flower belonging to a dicot.

b.) It is a complete flower belonging to a monocot.

c.) It is an incomplete flower belonging to a dicot.

d.) It is an incomplete flower belonging to a monocot.

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131.) Roots carry out each of the following functions except . . .

a.) taking in carbon dioxide. c.) anchoring the plant.

b.) absorbing water from the soil. d.) absorbing dissolved minerals.

132.) The diagram below, best illustrates what?

a.) The arrangement of vascular tissues in the root of a monocot.

b.) The arrangement of vascular tissues in the root of a dicot.
c.) The arrangement of vascular tissues in the stem of a monocot.
d.) The arrangement of vascular tissues in the stem of a dicot.

133.) The diagram below represents what?

a.) The arrangement of vascular tissues in the root of a monocot.

b.) The arrangement of vascular tissues in the root of a dicot.
c.) The arrangement of vascular tissues in the stem of a monocot.
d.) The arrangement of vascular tissues in the stem of a dicot.

134.) Which of the following would not be called a fruit by a scientist?

a.) Pumpkin. c.) Bean.

b.) Tomato. d.) Carrot.

135.) The "Naked Seed Plants" are the . . .

a.) Monocots. c.) Pteridophytes.

b.) Dicots. d.) Angiosperms. e.) Gymnosperms.

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136.) Water rises from the roots to the top of a tree primarily due to . . .

a.) Root Pressure. c.) Guard cell pumps.

b.) Transpiration and the cohesion of water. d.) Osmosis.

137.) When a seed sprouts, the proper term for this process is . . .

a.) Pollination. c.) Dormancy.

b.) Fertilization. d.) Germination.

138.) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic common to members belonging to Kingdom
Animalia?

a.) Prokaryotic Cells. c.) Heterotrophic.

b.) Multicellular. . d.) Cells that lack a cell wall.

139.) Which of the organisms below exhibits CEPHALIZATION?

a.) Sea Sponge. c.) Planaria.

b.) Sea Anemone. d.) Hydra.

140.) Which of the following organisms exhibits SEGMENTATION?

a.) a Planarian. c.) a Sea Jelly.

b.) a Marine Worm. d.) an Ascarid.

Use the diagram below to answer the next two questions:

B
C
D
E

141.) Which letter above represents the OSCULUM?

a.) A c.) D

b.) C d.) E

142.) What is the correct scientific name for the cell that the letter "B" is pointing to?

a.) Cnidocyte. c.) Choanocyte.

b.) Porocyte. d) Pinacocyte.

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143.) Which of the following is NOT a CNIDARIAN?

a.) Obelia. c.) Coral.

b.) Planaria. d.) Sea Anemone.

144.) The organism below is best described as having . . .

a.) a polypoid body form with radial symmetry.

b.) a medusoid body form with bilateral symmetry.

c.) a polypoid body form with bilateral symmetry.

d.) a medusoid body form with radial symmetry.

145.) Which phylum below is the FIRST phylum to exhibit a complete gut?

a.) Cnidaria. c.) Nematoda.

b.) Porifera. d.) Platyhelminthes.

146.) Which term is NOT associated with a Sea Jelly?

a.) Mesoderm. c.) Gastroderm.

b.) Ectoderm. d.) Mesoglea.

147.) The picture below illustrates . . .

a.) A Proglottid. c.) A Clitellum.

b.) A Parapodium. d) A Scolex.

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Use the diagram below to answer the next two questions:

148.) Which advancement below is NOT credited to the organism above?

a.) First to exhibit cephalization. c.) First to exhibit bilateral symmetry.

b.) First to exhibit true tissues. d.) First to exhibit mesoderm.

149.) Which statement below accurately describes the organism above?

a.) a parasitic flatworm belonging to class Cestoda.

b.) a free-living flatworm belonging to class Turbellaria.

c.) a free-living flatworm with a complete gut.

d.) a parasitic roundworm with ocelli.

150.) A true body cavity (coelom) that is completely lined with mesoderm, first shows up in . . .

a.) Platyhelminthes. c.) Mollusks.

b.) Annelida. d.) Cnidaria.

151.) The structures used by an EARTHWORM to help the organism get rid of cellular (metabolic)
wastes.

a.) Nephridia. c.) Malpighian Tubules.

b.) Clitellum. d.) Green Glands.

152.) Which best describes the structures that food would encounter on its way through the digestive
tract of an Earthworm?

a.) Mouth  Esophagus  Pharynx  Crop  Gizzard  Intestine.

b.) Mouth  Pharynx  Esophagus  Gizzard  Crop  Intestine.

c.) Mouth  Esophagus  Pharynx  Gizzard  Crop  Intestine.

d.) Mouth  Pharynx  Esophagus  Crop  Gizzard  Intestine.

153.) Which of the following structures would be part of an Earthworm's circulatory system?

a.) Aortic Arches. c.) Clitellum.

b.) Nephridia. d.) Setae.

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154.) Animals that form the mouth first and the anus last when undergoing a process called gastrulation
are classified as . . .

a.) Hermaphroditic. b.) Protostomes. c.) Deuterostomes. d.)Triploblastic. e.) Coelomates.

155.) The members of ASCHELMINTHES (like platyhelminthes) possess . . .

a.) a coelom. b.) no coelom. c.) an incomplete gut. d.) a pseudocoelom.

156.) Match the description below:

A worm which encysts itself in muscle tissue causing pain, muscle weakness. It is usually transmitted
from pigs to humans, when pork is improperly cooked.

a.) Ascaris worm.

b.) Liver fluke.
c.) Trichina worm.
d.) Guinea worm.

157.) The removal of metabolic (cellular) waste products is accomplished in a CRAYFISH via . . .
a.) nephridia. c.) uropods.

b.) the ganglia. d.) mandibles.

e.) green glands.

158.) Often a parasite will use more than one host to complete its life cycle. What name is given to the
host in which the parasite larvae clone themselves, but in which they will NOT reach sexual
maturity?

a.) Primary Host. c.) Intermediate Host.

b.) Secondary Host. d.) Virulent Host.

159.) Which statement is a true statement accurate in regards to the Asacaris worm that was
dissected?

a.) Males are much larger than females.

b.) Females possess a hook-shaped posterior end.

c.) Ascarids exhibit both cephalization and segmentation.

d.) The only prominent internal structures that were identifiable were sex organs and an intestine.

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160.) In the picture above, the arrow is pointing at what structure?
a.) The gastric mill.
b.) A nephridium.
c.) The ventral nerve cord.
d.) The brain.
e.) The clitellum.

161.) In the diagram below, which LETTER represents the anatomical direction termed "ANTERIOR"?

A C

B
a.) A c.) C
b.) B d.) D

162.) All animals that do not have a backbone are . . .

a.) vertebrates. b.) invertebrates. c.) worms. d.) insects.

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163.) The medusa of a cnidarian demonstrate

a.) exoskeletons. c.) radial symmetry.

b.) endoskeletons. d.) bilateral symmetry.

164.) The simplest animal that has a digestive tract with two openings is a

a.) flatworm. c.) roundworm.

b.) sponge. d.) cnidarian.

165.) The most ancient of all animals alive today are

a.) hydras. c.) sea jellies.

b.) sea anemones. d.) sponges.

165.) The thick, jellylike substance in the body wall of a cnidarian is the

a.) amebocyte. c.) flame cell.

b.) gastroderm. d.) mesoglea.

166.) The term that is least closely related to the others is

a.) earthworms. c.) roundworms.

b.) flatworms. d.) unsegmented worms.

167.) The first phylum in which most members exhibit cephalization includes the

a.) roundworms. c.) flatworms.

b.) hydrozoans. d.) sea jellies.

168.) The flukes are classified as

a.) Trematoda. b.) Nematoda c.) Cestoda. d.) Turbellaria.

169.) Hydras are not typical hydrozoans because they lack the medusa stage and they

a.) reproduce sexually. c.) live as solitary polyps.

b.) reproduce asexually. d.) contain nerves.

170.) The life cycle of an anthozoan includes

a.) only the polyp stage. c.) a greatly reduced polyp stage.

b.) only the medusa stage. d.) a greatly reduced medusa stage.

171.) Any soft-bodied animal with stinging tentacles arranged in a circle around its mouth is a

a.) medusa. b.) polyp. c.) hydrozoan. d.) cnidaria.

172.) A flatworm sucks food into its body through its

a.) hooks. b.) suckers. c.) pharynx. d.) gastrovascular cavity.

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173.) Which of these features is seen in flatworms but not cnidarians?

a.) digestive tract with two openings. c.) sexual reproduction.

b.) a mesoderm layer that gives rise to organs. d.) a nerve net.

174.) You would most likely become infected with a tapeworm if you were to

a.) drink river water. c.) walk barefoot in warm damp soil.

b.) share towels with a person who is infected. d.) eat undercooked meat.

175.) A tapeworm consists of

a.) a scolex and proglottids. c.) an anus and a digestive tract.

b.) proglottids and an anus. d.) a digestive tract and a scolex.

176.) The roundworms are in the phylum

a.) Platyhelminthes. b.) Porifera. c.) Cnideria. d.) Nematoda.

177.) In an open circulatory system:

a.) blood often escapes from the body through openings.

b.) the heart is hollow.

c.) there are no blood vessels for blood circulation.

d.) the blood is forced out of vessels for part of the circulation.

178.) Locomotion in the earthworm involves:

a.) setae and muscles. c.) nephridia.

b.) flame cells. d.) nematocysts. e.) setae only.

179.) Which of the following has a true coelom?

a.) earthworm. b.) roundworm. c.) hydra. d.) flatworm.

180.) The phylum of animals that contains the largest number of living species is:

a.) Chordata. b.) Annnelida. c.) Arthropoda. d.) Mollusca.

181.) A member of class cephalapoda is

a.) spider. b.) sea star. c.) snail. d.) octopus.

182.) The hard outer covering of arthropods is called:

a.) endoskeleton. c.) protein with carbohydrates.

b.) exoskeleton. d.) bone.

183.) Arthropods possess

a.) a closed circulatory system. c.) no circulatory system.

b.) an open circulatory system. d.) a combination of open/closed circulatory system.

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184.) Which group of animals belongs to the molluscs?

a.) tapeworm, fluke, Planaria c.) sea slug, squid, scallop.

b.) sea cucumber, sea urchin, crinoid. d.) vinegar eel, hookworm, Ascaris.

185.) A sea star ingests nutrients through

a.) filter feeding. c.) predator.

b.) sessile. d.) both a filter feeder and predator.

186.) The ampulla of a sea star are part of what system?

a.) digestive system c.) nervous system.

b.) water vascular system. d.) all of the above.

187.) Which of the following does not belong to the phylum Echinodermata?

a.) sea cucumber. b.) sea urchin. c.) sand dollar.

d.) feather star. e.) all belong to Echinodermata.

Use the following diagram for the next two questions.

Y
188.) What is the name of the following organ in the above diagram marked "X"?

a.) malphighian tubules. c.) gastric ceca.

b.) gizzard. d.) ovary.

189.) What is the name of the following organ in the above diagram marked "Y"?

c.) malphighian tubules. c.) intestines.

d.) gastric ceca. d.) nephridia.

190.) Warm-blooded animals with four-chambered hearts include:

a.) amphibians. b.) reptiles. c.) annelids. d.) arthropods e.) birds.

191.) In a vertebrate, most of the organs of special sense are located in the head. This is an example of

a.) bilateral symmetry. b.) radial symmetry. c.) homeostasis. d.) cephalization.

29
192.) The PHYLUM to which all the animals with backbones belong is

a.) Osteichthyes. b.) Vertebrata c.) Chondrichthyes. d.) Chordata.

193.) The cartilage-like rod running down the back of primitive vertebrates is the

a.) spinal cord. b.) lateral line. c.) spinal column. d.) notochord.

194.) Fish of the class Chondrichthyes have no

a.) jaws. b.) bones. c.) gill slits. d.) fins.

b.)

195.) The following observations were made on a particular organism.

The organism 1.) had a fully developed backbone.

2.) was poikolothermic

3.) was covered with scales

4.) laid eggs with a protective shell.

Based on these observations, the organism would be found in Class

a.) Amphibia. b.) Reptilia. c.) Osteichthyes. d.) Chondrichthyes.

196.) A four chambered heart is stage of development reached

a.) only by birds. c.) by birds and mammals.

b.) by birds and reptiles. d.) by mammals and amphibians.

197.) Birds are distinguished from all other animals by

a.) a body supported on two limbs. c.) the ability to fly.

b.) a horny, toothless beak. d.) hollowed bones.

198.) A characteristic found in all mammals is the presence of

a.) teeth. b.) hair. c.) scales. d.) placenta.

199.) Compared to reptiles, mammals are better adapted to living in a range of climates because they

a.) are more intelligent. c.) are homeothermic.

b.) can migrate. d.) reproduce sexually.

200.) The monotremes differ from all other mammals in respect to

a.) body covering. c.) limb development.

b.) method of reproduction. d.) nourishment of their young.

201.) A placenta could be found in a(n)

a.) chicken. b.) bat. c.) kangaroo. d.) frog.

202.) The mammalian order, Marsupialia, is represented in North America by the

a.) shrew. b.) rabbit. c.) skunk. d.) opossum.

30
Use the following graph for the next two questions.

203.) The graph above indicates a population's growth over a period of time. The curve is divided into

four regions. Which region indicates the exponential growth phase?

a.) A b.) B c.) C d.) D

204.) The region of the population growth curve shown above where food supply is BEGINNING to

dwindle or that predation is increasing would be

a.) A b.) B c.) C d.) D

205.) A consumer

a.) does not manufacture its own food. c.) always consumes a producer.

b.) is also a herbivore. d.) is always a predator.

206.) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar to each other because

a.) cellular respiration is necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

b.) photosynthesis and cellular respiration exchange necessary products.

c.) cellular respiration is part of photosynthesis.

d.) ATP produced in photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration.

207.) If the following were arranged into, which group would be the final consumer?

a.) herbivores. c.) scavengers.

b.) producers. d.) primary consumers.

208.) All animal life depends directly or indirectly for food, energy, and oxygen upon

a.) parasitic organisms. c.) green plants.

b.) fungi. d.) animals.

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