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What Is Environmental Engineering

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8 views5 pages

What Is Environmental Engineering

Uploaded by

ayu Sari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Activity 1 Brainstorming
Answer the following questions.
1. What is environmental engineering?
2. Are you interested in environmental issues? Why?
For teacher: This activity is given in order to know students’ understanding about the environmental
engineering. The answers of those questions are in the form of definition and description mostly
using simple present tense. Teacher can observe how students arrange simple or complex sentences
as well as the use of simple present tense and probably other tenses.

Activity 2 Types of Sentences: Simple, Complex, Compound, and Compound-complex Sentences


1. A simple sentence is a sentence that only consists of one clause. A clause is a part of sentence
that has at least one subject and one predicate. It may have a complement or an adverb,
however, it is not obligatory. The clause in a simple sentence is called the independent clause
because it can stand by itself.
Example: That house is clean.
‘That house’ is a Subject in the form of a noun phrase.
‘is’ is the predicate in the form of a to be.
‘clean’ is the Subject Complement.
2. A complex sentence is a sentence that consists of more than one clause. It consists of an
independent clause and one (or more) dependent clause.
Example: I know that the climate change has many negative impacts.
A. ‘I know’ is the independent clause because it can stand by itself and does not depend
on the other clause.
‘I’ is the Subject of the independent clause.
‘know’ is the predicate of the independent clause in the form of verb-present.
B. ‘that climate change has many negative impacts’ is the dependent clause
(subordinating clause) because it cannot stand by itself to show a complete thought.
The use of ‘that’ as the relative pronoun makes the clause dependent. A relative
pronoun is a word that is used to connect an independent clause to a dependent
clause.
‘that’ is the relative clause
‘the climate change’ is the Subject in the form of a noun phrase.
‘has’ is the predicate of the dependent clause in the form of verb-present.
‘many negative impacts’ is the Object in the form of a noun phrase.
3. A compound sentence is a sentence that has two (or more) independent clauses and it does not
have dependent clauses. The independent clauses are connected with a coordinator like ‘and’,
‘but’, and ‘or’.
Example: Billy is an engineer and her brother is a doctor.
A. ‘Billy is an engineer’ is the independent clause.
B. ‘Her brother is a doctor’ is the second independent clause.
If the coordinator ‘and’ in that compound sentence is not used as in ‘Billy is an engineer, her
brother is a doctor’, the sentence still shows a complete thought, and the clauses do not
depend on one another. When the coordinator is not used, comma is added between the
clauses.
Sometimes, a compound sentence does not show the Subject in one of the clauses, as in the
example: Jessica won a competition and got a gold medal.

In that example, ‘Jessica’ is only shown once in the first independent clause. It is not repeated in
the second clause because the Subject is the same person. The important thing is that the
compound sentence has two predicates ‘won’ and ‘got’ to be classified as a compound sentence
(as it is different with a compound subject).

Here is the example of a compound phrase in a simple sentence: ‘The table and the chairs are
made of wood’. ‘The table’ is the first phrase, and ‘the chair’ is the second phrase of that
sentence. It has only one predicate (passive) ‘are made’. In this case, the sentence is called a
simple sentence with a compound subject. The subject that has two (or more) phrases and
connected with a coordinator is called a compound subject.

4. A complex-compound sentence is the combination between complex and compound sentences.


It has two (or more) independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
Example: The air pollution increases and it has affected people’s health because of vehicle mass
production.
‘The air pollution increases’ is an independent clause.
‘it has affected people’s health’ is an independent clause.
‘because of vehicle mass production’ is a dependent clause.
Activity 3 Reading
1. Read the text below, then find out the complex sentences.
2. Identify the independent and dependent clauses.

Environmental Engineering
Environmental engineering is a field of broad scope that draws on
such disciplines as chemistry, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, economics, and
mathematics. It was traditionally a specialized field within civil engineering and was called sanitary
engineering until the mid-1960s, when the more accurate name environmental engineering was
adopted.

Projects in environmental engineering involve the treatment and distribution of drinking


water (see water supply system); the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater
(see wastewater treatment); the control of air pollution and noise pollution; municipal solid-waste
management and hazardous-waste management; the cleanup of hazardous-waste sites; and the
preparation of environmental assessments, audits, and impact studies. Mathematical modeling and
computer analysis are widely used to evaluate and design the systems required for such tasks.
Chemical and mechanical engineers may also be involved in the process. Environmental engineering
functions include applied research and teaching; project planning and management; the
design, construction, and operation of facilities; the sale and marketing of environmental-control
equipment; and the enforcement of environmental standards and regulations.

The education of environmental engineers usually involves graduate-level course work,


though some colleges and universities allow undergraduates to specialize or take elective courses in
the environmental field. Programs offering associate (two-year) degrees are available for training
environmental technicians. In the public sector, environmental engineers are employed by national
and regional environmental agencies, local health departments, and municipal engineering
and public works departments. In the private sector, they are employed by consulting engineering
firms, construction contractors, water and sewerage utility companies,
and manufacturing industries.
(Source: https://www.britannica.com/technology/environmental-engineering)

Example:
Complex sentence: Environmental engineering is a field of broad scope that draws on
such disciplines as chemistry, ecology, geology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, economics, and
mathematics.
Independent clause : Environmental engineering is a field of broad scope
Dependent clause : that draws on such disciplines
Dependent clause : as chemistry, ecology, hydraulics, hydrology, microbiology, economics, and
mathematics.

Activity 4 Vocabulary
Write simple/complex sentences using the following vocabulary.
1. water resources
Example: Water resources are natural resources of water that are useful for human’s life .
_________________________________________________________________________
2. water quality
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. water pollution
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. air quality
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5. air pollution
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
6. solid waste
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
7. municipal solid waste
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
8. chemically hazardous waste
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
9. radioactive waste
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
10. waste management
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Structured assignment
Elaborate your description in answering questions in Activity 1. Use the correct simple and/or
complex sentences. Memorize your description, then record your description (not more than 3
minutes). Upload your Recording on OASE.

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