(State Private University Established Under the Shiv Nadar University Act, 2018)

School of Engineering
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
End Semester Examinations, 2022-2023 Odd
Question Paper
Name of the Programme: B.Tech CSE (IoT) Semester: II
Course Code & Name: PH1001T Engineering Physics
Regulations: Regulation 2021
Time: 3 Hours Answer all questions Maximum: 100 Marks

Q.No PART A (10 × 2 =20 marks) Marks CO# KL#

a You are standing 4 meters from your friend, who is practicing his trumpet. 2 CO1 KL2
The sound produced by the trumpet results in a sound intensity of 0.096
1
W/m2 impacting your eardrum. What is the sound intensity level of this
sound, measured in decibels?
a If the energy of a particle is zero, then prove using quantum mechanics 2 CO2 KL3
2
that it cannot exist in a one-dimensional box.
a Find the mobility of electrons in copper if there are 9×1028 valence 2 CO2 KL1
3
electrons/m3 and the conductivity of copper is 6×107 mho/m?
a The ratio of numerical apertures of a fiber when light is launched from
4 air and medium1 is 1.4. What is the acceptance angle of the fiber in the 2 CO5 KL2
new medium 1.
a What should be the core diameter of an optical fiber with numerical
5 2 CO5 KL1
aperture of 0.15 if it must be single mode at 650 nm. 3.3 micron
6 a What is the technique used to vary bandgap energy of an extrinsic 2 CO3 KL1
semiconductor? Give an example of a semiconductor device based on
this.
7 a Illustrate with suitable equations and associated figures how binding
energy of valence electrons of the dopant can be estimated 2 CO3 KL2
experimentally for an N type semiconductor.
8 a Why can't a three-level laser system produce a continuous wave laser? 2 CO4 KL2
9 a Differentiate between monochromaticity and coherence property of lasers 2 CO4 KL2
10 Draw the energy band diagram of a heterojunction laser diode illustrating
2 CO4 KL2
carrier confinement properties and list 2 major benefits of the same.
PART B (5 × 6 =30 marks)
11 a Explain how velocity of sound can be estimated using acoustic grating 3+3 CO1 KL3
method. The ultrasonic velocity through the medium studied is 1430m/s at
room temperature and it has a temperature coefficient of velocity of -3 m/s
per degree rise in temperature. If there is an increase in temperature by
10 , estimate the ratio of the displacement of the first order diffraction
spots from the zeroeth order, before and after the rise in temperature.

Page 1 of 3
12 a A thin film is coated on a glass substrate of thickness of 1mm. Both 6 CO4 KL3
thickness and refractive index of the film needs to be estimated through
reflection interferometry. You are given a choice of 2 sources, a diode
operating at 650 nm with a linewidth of 2 nm and a gas laser operating at
650nm with a line width of 0.01 Angstroms. Which of these will you use
for the experiment? Justify your choice and explain how you will estimate
both parameters.
13 a A p-type silicon sample has a doping concentration of 6×1016 atoms/cm3. 6 CO3 KL2
The ionization energy of the dopant is 0.04eV. Find the temperatures at
which the material starts to exhibit (i) exhaustion behaviour and (ii) the
intrinsic behaviour. (Boltzmann’s constant kB =8.617×10-5 eV/K and
assume mh*= m0 and bandgap of silicon is 1.1eV).
14 a What is slope of the Fermi energy distribution at E= EF. Show that the 6 CO2 KL2
tangent line to the Fermi function at any temperature T (> 0K) evaluated
at E= EF intercepts the horizontal axis at E= EF + 2kT.
15 a The relative index difference of a fiber of core refractive index of 1.457 is 4+2 CO5 KL3
4.8x10-3. What is the maximum fiber length that can be used for error-free
point -to-point communication system at 5 Gbps assuming a 50% duty
cycle. What will be the change if we also consider intramodal dispersion
of 10ps/nm.km and waveguide dispersion of -5ps/nm.km for the source
with line width of 2nm.
PART C (5 × 10 =50 marks)
16 a State Weber-Fechner law and explain decibel scale for measuring intensity
level. Why is decibel scale logarithmic? Discuss equal loudness curves and
10 CO1 KL2
their variation from threshold of audibility to threshold of pain with
relevant diagrams.
OR
b Discuss the advantages of using the B-mode representation in ultrasonic
imaging for flaw detection and characterization. Explain how the B-mode
10 CO1 KL2
image can provide information about the size, shape, and location of flaws
within the scanned object. Provide examples to support your answer.
17 a A 1.00 g marble is constrained to roll inside a tube of length L = 1.00 cm.
The tube is capped at both ends.
i. Modelling this as a one-dimensional infinite square well, determine the
value of the quantum number n if the marble is initially given an energy of
1.00 mJ.
ii. Calculate the excitation energy required to promote the marble to the
10 CO2 KL2
next available energy state.
iii. If that electron undergoes a transition from the (n+1) excited state to
the state n, in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this
wavelength belong?
iv. From the result, please comment on the quantum numbers and energy
differences associated with the behavior of macroscopic objects.
OR
b Write down the properties of wavefunctions to be acceptable for a quantum
state. In a region of space, a particle with mass m and with zero energy has
−𝑥2
( ) 10 CO2 KL2
a time independent wave function 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝐴𝑥𝑒 𝐿2 where A and L are
constants. What is the potential energy (U(x)) of the particle? Draw the
diagram of U(x) versus x.

Page 2 of 3
 18 a Write the expressions for electron and hole concentrations in an intrinsic
semiconductor and hence prove that Fermi level lies exactly between
conduction band and valance band of intrinsic semiconductor at absolute 10 CO3 KL2
zero temperature. For intrinsic semiconductors with band gap 1.1 eV,
determine the position of Fermi Level at 300 K, if mh*= 6me*.
OR
b Obtain the expression for the location of Fermi energy level in a n type
10 CO3 KL2
semiconductor and explain how it varies with temperature.
19 a What is LASER? Explain the basic principle of operation of lasers with
suitable diagrams. What are the key resonator characteristics that influence 10 CO4 KL2
the monochromaticity and coherence of the lasers.
OR
b Describe the design and working of a 4-level laser operating in the near IR
10 CO4 KL2
region with suitable energy level diagram.
List the factors affecting signal propagation in the optical fiber
communication system. What determines its preferred transmission bands
used in telecommunication? A continuous 12 km long optical fiber link
a has a loss of 1.5 dB/km. What is the minimum optical power level that 10 CO5 KL2
must be launched into the fiber to maintain as optical power level of 0.3
20 µW at the receiving end? What is the required input power if the fiber has
a loss of 2.5 dB/km?
OR
Distinguish active and passive fiber-optic sensors? Describe qualitatively
b the working of an active interferometric fiber sensor with relevant 10 CO5 KL2
diagrams.

KL – Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels

(KL1: Remembering, KL2: Understanding, KL3: Applying, KL4: Analyzing, KL5: Evaluating, KL6: Creating)
CO – Course Outcomes
--------------

Page 3 of 3
 (State Private University Established Under the Shiv Nadar University Act, 2018)

School of Engineering
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

End Semester Examinations, 2021-2022 Even

Question Paper

Name of the Programme: B.Tech CSE (IoT) Semester: II

Course Code & Name: PH1001 T
Regulations: Regulation 2021
Time: 3 Hours Answer All Questions Maximum: 100 Marks

Q.No Part A Marks CO# KL#

A 50 Hz source is perceived to be equally loud as a 1 kHz source at 20 dB
when its intensity level is 50 dB higher than the 1 kHz source. What is ratio of
1 2 CO1 KL2
the intensities of these two equally loud sources..

Calculate the deBroglie wavelength of a free electron in its 3rd excited state if it
2 is trapped in a 1 D potential well of dimension 1nm. 2 CO2 KL3

If the Fermi energy at 0 K of a metal is 5 eV, what is the average energy of an

3 electron in this metal at 0 K ? 2 CO2 KL2

Draw the variation of hole concentration in a P type semiconductor with

4 temperature marking out three distinct regions and the slopes in each of these 2 CO3 KL1
regions?
5 Why is silicon said to be an indirect bandgap material? 2 CO3 KL2
6 What is the relationship between linewidth of a laser source and its coherence
2 CO4 KL1
length?.
What is the role of helical reflector in an optically pumped high power Nd-Yag
7 2 CO4 KL1
laser?
8 What is threshold population inversion? 2 CO4 KL1

9 What is the cause for intramodal dispersion? 2 CO5 KL1

A step index fiber with a core diameter of 10 m has a core index of 1.458 and
cladding index of 1.453. Calculate the shortest wavelength at which it supports
10 2 CO5 KL2
only a single mode.
1574 nm
Part B

Page 1 of 3
 (a) What is the gain in decibels produced by a stethoscope that has a sound
gathering area of 15 cm2, and concentrates the sound onto two eardrums
with a total area of 0.9 cm2 with an efficiency of 50.0%?

11 (b) The velocity of sound in a liquid reduces by 3 m/s for every degree rise in 6 CO1 KL3
temperature. What will be the reduction in grating element in an acoustic
grating formed in this medium using a 2 MHz piezoelectric crystal for an
increase in temperature of 30C.

Write the expression for Fermi Dirac distribution, define Fermi energy level and
discuss the variation of the probability of electron occupation in the different
12 levels with temperature supported by relevant diagrams 6 CO2 KL2

Intrinsic silicon with a bandgap of 1.1eV is doped with boron density of 1021/m3.
If ionization energy of boron is 0.04 eV in silicon, and Nv at 300 K is 2.6
13 x1025/m3, calculate the change in Fermi energy due to doping at 0K and 6 CO3 KL3
ionized dopant density at 300 K (Boltzmann’s constant kB =1.38x10-23 J/K),
0.53 eV, 1021/m3
Discuss the construction of a heterojunction laser diode with the help of
14 relevant diagrams and explain its advantages in comparison to a homo 6 CO4 KL2
junction laser diode.

A point- to point singlemode fiber optic link has to be designed using a

laser source at 1500 nm with a linewidth of 0.2 nm. The single mode
15 fiber has a dispersion of 1ps/ km.nm. If the receiver can tolerate only a 6 CO5 KL4
maximum pulse dispersion of 20 ps for error free detection, what is the
maximum fiber length that can be deployed without repeater.
Part C (10 x 5 =50)
Draw the block diagram of a ultrasonic pulse –echo flaw detection system
a and explain its functioning. 10 CO1 KL2

16 OR
Discuss B mode of ultrasonic scan data display using a sample test piece and list
b one application that uses thus display mode. 10 CO1 KL2

Derive Planck’s expression for average energy of an atomic oscillator in a

a blackbody at temperature T . What does it reduce to at longer wavelengths? 10 CO2 KL2

17 OR
Obtain the expression for density of states for a free electron in a constant
b potential . 10 CO2 KL2

Derive the expression for hole density in the valence band of an intrinsic
a semiconductor. 10 CO3 KL2

18 OR
Obtain the expression for the location of Fermi energy level in an P type
b semiconductor and explain how it varies with temperature. 10 CO3 KL2

Use Einstein’s relations for rates of spontaneous and stimulated atomic

transitions in the presence of incident radiation and explain why population
a 10 CO4 KL2
19 inversion is necessary for realizing a laser.

OR

Page 2 of 3
 Describe the vibrational modes of a CO2 molecule and the construction and
b working of a CO2 laser supported with relevant diagrams. 10 CO4 KL2

a Discuss the. causes for attenuation losses in the fibers. 10 CO5 KL2
OR
20 Describe qualitatively the working of a Mach Zehnder interferometric fiber
b sensor with relevant diagrams. 10 CO5 KL2

--------------

Page 3 of 3
 (State Private University Established Under the Shiv Nadar University Act, 2018)

School of Engineering
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

End Semester Supplementary Examinations, 2021-2022 Even

Question Paper with Answer Key

Name of the Programme: B.Tech CSE (IoT) Semester: II

Course Code & Name: PH1001 T
Regulations: Regulation 2021
Time: 3 Hours Answer All Questions Maximum: 100 Marks

Q.No Part A Marks CO# KL#

A 50 Hz source is perceived to be equally loud as a 1 kHz source at 20 dB
when its intensity level is 50 dB higher than the 1 kHz source. What is ratio of
1 2 CO1 KL2
the intensities of these two equally loud sources..
105:1
Calculate the deBroglie wavelength of a free electron in its 3rd excited state if it
2 is trapped in a 1 D potential well of dimension 1nm. 2 CO2 KL3
Ans 2L/n - 1mark =0.5 nm – 1mark
If the Fermi energy at 0 K of a metal is 5 eV, what is the average energy of an
3 electron in this metal at 0 K ? 2 CO2 KL2
3/5EF – 1 mark 3 eV
Draw the variation of hole concentration in a P type semiconductor with
temperature marking out three distinct regions and the slopes in each of these
4 2 CO3 KL1
regions?
Diagram with region -1 , slopes – 1marks
Why is silicon said to be an indirect bandgap material?
5 2 CO3 KL2
Defnition with explanation -1 mark, E-k diagram – 1mark
What is the relationship between linewidth of a laser source and its coherence
6
length?. 2 CO4 KL1
Coherence length -inversely proportional = 2/
What is the role of helical reflector in an optically pumped high power Nd-Yag
7 laser? 2 CO4 KL1
Focussing light from pupm onto the Nd Yag rod & diagram–(1mark)
What is threshold population inversion? Minimum inversion when gain
8 2 CO4 KL1
comensates the losses in the cavity -onset of oscillations
What is the cause for intramodal dispersion?
9 2 CO5 KL1
Linewidth of source and chromatic dispersion -2 marks
A step index fiber with a core diameter of 10 m has a core index of 1.458 and
cladding index of 1.453. Calculate the shortest wavelength at which it supports
10 2 CO5 KL2
only a single mode.
1574 nm
Part B

Page 1 of 3
 (a) What is the gain in decibels produced by a stethoscope that has a sound
gathering area of 15 cm2, and concentrates the sound onto two eardrums
with a total area of 0.9 cm2 with an efficiency of 50.0%?
Given A steth =15 cm2, Aears = 0.9 cm2 Transfer efficency of
stethoscope =0.5
Let P be the acoustic power that is incident on the stethoscope ,
Intensity at stethoscope, Isteth =P/Asteth,, (1) -1mark
50% of the power incident on the stethoscope diaphragm is conveyed to
the ears, so power incident on the ears =0.5 P
Intensity at the ears, Iears = (0.5 x P)/Aears, = (0.5x Isteth xAsteth)/ Aear
(2) ---1 mark
11 6 CO1 KL3
Gain in dB due to construction of stethoscope =10 log (Isteth/ Iears) = 10
log ( 0.5 x Asteth/ Aear)

= 10 log ( 0.5 x 15/0.9) = 9.21 dB -----1 mark

(b) The velocity of sound in a liquid reduces by 3 m/s for every degree rise in
temperature. What will be the reduction in grating element in an acoustic
grating formed in this medium using a 2 MHz piezoelectric crystal for an
increase in temperature of 30C,
d = v/2 =f – 2 marks, 90/(2x2x106 )=22.5 microns
Write the expression for Fermi Dirac distribution, define Fermi energy level and
discuss the variation of the probability of electron occupation in the different
levels with temperature supported by relevant diagrams
12 6 CO2 KL2
Expression &, Defnition @ 0K – 2marks, dention at T>0K -2marks, diagram
with explanation of variation of distribution with T– 2 marks
Intrinsic silicon with a bandgap of 1.1eV is doped with boron density of 1021/m3.
If ionization energy of boron is 0.04 eV in silicon, and Nv at 300 K is 2.6
13 x1025/m3, calculate the change in Fermi energy due to doping at 0K and 6 CO3 KL3
ionized dopant density at 300 K (Boltzmann’s constant kB =1.38x10-23 J/K),
0.53 eV, 1021/m3
Discuss the construction of a heterojunction laser diode with the help of
relevant diagrams and explain its advantages in comparison to a homo
junction laser diode.
14
Structure of lower bandgap PN junction sandwiched between higher band 6 CO4 KL2
gap layers =diagram 4 marks
Optical confinement and carrier confinement -2

A point- to point singlemode fiber optic link has to be designed using a

laser source at 1500 nm with a linewidth of 0.2 nm. The single mode
fiber has a dispersion of 1ps/ km.nm. If the receiver can tolerate only a
15 maximum pulse dispersion of 20 ps for error free detection, what is the 6 CO5 KL4
maximum fiber length that can be deployed without repeater.
Limited by dispersion -D..L=20 ps -4 marks
100 km – 2marks
Part C (10 x 5 =50)
Draw the block diagram of a ultrasonic pulse –echo flaw detection system
a and explain its functioning. 10 CO1 KL2
Diagram – 3 marks, explanation of each block 8 marks, display example -2
marks
16 OR
Discuss B mode of ultrasonic scan data display using a sample test piece and list
one application that uses thus display mode.
b 10 CO1 KL2
Test-piece diagram -2 marks, explanation of B scan display principle -2 marks ,
explanation of display for test piece – 6 marks

Page 2 of 3
 Derive Planck’s expression for average energy of an atomic oscillator in a
blackbody at temperature T . What does it reduce to at longer wavelengths?
a 10 CO2 KL2
Postulates 02 marks, derivation – 4 marks, diagrams – 2marks, low freq
approximation -2 marks
17 OR
Obtain the expression for density of states for a free electron in a constant
potential .
b 10 CO2 KL2
Diagram – 2marks, momentum space representation – 1 mark, derivation -7
marks
Derive the expression for hole density in the valence band of an intrinsic
a semiconductor. 10 CO3 KL2
Diagram – 1mark, derivation -9 marks
OR
18 Obtain the expression for the location of Fermi energy level in an P type
semiconductor and explain how it varies with temperature.
b Equation for ionized dopant – 1 marks , expression for hole concentration in 10 CO3 KL2
valence band -1 mark, Equating and fining expression for Fermi energy – 6
marks -explanation of variation with diagram -2 marks
Use Einstein’s relations for rates of spontaneous and stimulated atomic
transitions in the presence of incident radiation and explain why population
a inversion is necessary for realizing a laser. 10 CO4 KL2
Rate equations -4 marks, ,diagrams -2 marks, conditions for stimulated
emission to dominate over other processes – 4 marks
19
OR
Describe the vibrational modes of a CO2 molecule and the construction and
working of a CO2 laser supported with relevant diagrams.
b 10 CO4 KL2
Vibrational modes with diagrams -3 marks, Construction , energy level
diagrams, working, properties – 7 marks
Discuss the .causes for attenuation losses in the fibers.
a 10 CO5 KL2
Intrinsic with diagram 5 marks & extrinsic with diagram -5 marks
OR
20 Describe qualitatively the working of a Mach Zehnder interferometric fiber
sensor with relevant diagrams.
b 10 CO5 KL2
Diagram – 2 marks, explanation of interference , output for balanced MZI -6
marks , how it can be used as sensor for stress, strain, temperature. 2 marks

--------------

Page 3 of 3
 (State Private University Established Under the Shiv Nadar University Act, 2018)

School of Engineering / School of Commerce and Management

Department of Computer Science and Engineering / Department of Commerce

End Semester Examinations, 2021-2022 Odd

Question Paper

Name of the Programme: AI & DS Semester: I

Course Code & Name: PH1001 T
Regulations: Regulation 2021
Time: 2 Hours (Online) 7.2.22 Answer All Questions Maximum: 50 Marks

Q.No Questions Marks CO# KL#

The loudness of sound at 60Hz needs to be increased by 45dB to be equally loud
as a 1kHz sound at 20dB. The intensity of the 60Hz sound at which it is equally
loud as the 20 dB 1kHz source is _____ W/m2
1 2 CO1 KL2
-6 6
(a ) 3.2 (b) 6.5 (c) 10 (d) 10

An acoustic grating is formed in a medium using interference of forward and

backward propagating waves of frequency 1 MHz. If the velocity of sound in
2 the medium is 1320 m/s, the acoustic grating element formed in the medium is 2 CO1 KL2
equal to

(a) 0.66 mm (b) 0.33 mm (c) 1.32 mm (d) 1.32 m

Page 1 of 5
 Random 1 choice

In the simplified ultrasonic generator circuit given in the figure, if L1=10 H,
3 l1=25 m, velocity of sound through the crystal = 5494 m/s , L2 = 0.1 H. The 2 CO1 KL2
value of C1 for which the generator will produce ultrasonic waves at the
fundamental frequency of the crystal is

In the simplified ultrasonic generator circuit given in the figure, if L1=10 H,
l1=25 m, velocity of sound through the crystal = 5494 m/s , L2 = 0.1 H. The
value of C1 for which the generator will produce ultrasonic waves at the second
harmonic frequency of the crystal is

In the simplified ultrasonic generator circuit given in the figure, if L1=1 H,
l1=100 m, velocity of sound through the crystal = 5494 m/s , L2 = 0.1 H. The
value of C1 for which the generator will produce ultrasonic waves at the
fundamental frequency of the crystal is

In the simplified ultrasonic generator circuit given in the figure, if L1=1 H,
l1=100 m, velocity of sound through the crystal = 5494 m/s , L2 = 0.1 H, The
value of C1 for which the generator will produce ultrasonic waves at the second
harmonic frequency of the crystal is

(a) 33.6 pF , (b) 0.21 pF, (c) 8.4 pF, d) 0.053 pF

Page 2 of 5
 Figure represents a cross-sectional view of a test-piece subjected to ultrasonic
testing. Which of these flaws (white regions) will not give rise to an echo in a
normal reflection mode pulse-echo scan
4 (a) 1, 3, 6 (b) 1, 3, 5,6 (c) 2, 4 (d) 2, 4, 5 2 CO1 KL3

Figure represents a cross-sectional view of a test-piece subjected to ultrasonic

testing. Which of these flaws (white regions) will give rise to echo in a normal
reflection mode pulse-echo scan
1,3,6 (b) 1,3,5,6 (c) 2,4 (d) 2.4.5

Figure represents a cross-sectional view of a test-piece subjected to ultrasonic

testing. Which of these flaws (white regions) will not give any signal in normal
transmission mode .
(a) 1,3,6 (b) 1,3,5,6 (c) 2,4 (d) 2, 4, 5

The energy of the first excited state for a particle confined in a one
dimensional potential well of infinite barrier strength and length L is
2 CO2 KL2
5

The ratio of the Planck’s expression for average energy per oscillator at
frequency of 9.5 x1014 Hz to that used by Rayleigh-Jean at temperature T is
_____ (Given h/kT is 16x10-14 s)
6 2 CO2 KL2
(a)6.12 x10-85 (b) 1.48x10-64 (c) 1 (d) 9.71x 10-67

The probability of locating an electron in its ground state between 0.2L to 0.4 L
7 within a one dimensional potential well of length L is 2 CO2 KL3
(a) 0.2/L (b) .4/L (c) 0.3/L (d) 0.7/L
Which of the following is not a degenerate state of an electron confined
in a cubical box
(a) first excited state
8 2 CO2 KL2
(b) second excited state
(c) third excited state
(d) fourth excited state
What is the probability of occupation of an electronic level located kBT below
9 the Fermi level? 2 CO2 KL2
(a) 0.33 (b) 0.51 (c) 0.25 (d) 0.73
As per quantum theory, the ratio of the kinetic energy of an electron occupying
the fermi level in a metal at 0K to that of the average kinetic energy of an
10 2 CO2 KL2
electron at 0K is _________.

Page 3 of 5
 Intrinsic silicon is doped with boron density of 1021/m3. If ionization
energy of boron is 0.04 eV in silicon, and Nv at 300 K is.1.16 x1025/m3,
11 2 CO3 KL3
ionized dopant density at 300 K is ______________. (Boltzmann’s
constant kB =8.625x10-5 eV/K)
An intrinsic material has a bandgap of 1.1eV. If the effective mass of holes and
electrons is assumed to be the same and kB=8.625 x10-5 eV/K , the ratio of its
conductivity at 310K to that at 300K is

12 A material has a bandgap of 1.1eV. If the effective mass of holes and 2 CO3 KL2
electrons is assumed to be the same and kB=8.625 x10-5 eV/K The ratio
of its carrier concentration at 310K to that at 300K is

(a) 2.0852 (b) 0.5037 (c) 1.9851 (d) 0.4795

N type and P type silicon sample has equal dopant density. Which of these
statements are then true (Selecting all will incur negative marks)
(a) They have equal carrier concentrations when operated in the exhaustion
13 region 2 CO3 KL2
(b) N type has more resistivity
(c) P type has less conductivity
(d) They will have the same current density in the low temperature region.
When dopant concentration in an N type material is increased, which of these
can happen (Selecting all will incur negative marks)

When dopant concentration in an P type material is increased, which of these

can happen (Selecting all will incur negative marks)
14 2 CO3 KL2
a) Fermi level shifts into the conduction band of the host material
b) At very high doping bandgap of material decreases
c) Fermi level shifts into the valence band
d) At very high doping bandgap of material increases

Which of the following statements is true?

A doped semiconductor exhibits negative temperature coefficient of resistance
in the exhaustion region
A doped semiconductor exhibits negative temperature coefficient of resistance
15 2 CO3 KL2
at sufficiently high temperatures
A doped semiconductor has a constant positive temperature coefficient of
resistance at all temperatures
Resistance of the doped semiconductor does not change with temperature.
What is the maximum thickness of film that can exhibit interference when
16 illuminated by a laser source operating at 1500 nm with a linewidth of 1nm.
2 CO4 KL3
(a ) 1.5 mm, (b) 2 mm (c) 2.25 mm (d) 3 mm

In comparison to homojunction lasers, the confinement layers on either side of

the active layer in a double heterojunction laser diode provide (select all that
applies)
17 (a) Higher optical power and lower threshold currents 2 CO4 KL2
(b) Higher threshold current and high optical powers
(c) Lower optical losses and higher radiative conversion efficiencies
(d) Lower linewidth and lower losses
Which of the following is not true. Threshold population inversion is the
minimum population inversion needed to ensure
(i) Onset of laser oscillations (ii) gain per pass through
18 2 CO4 KL2
resonator =loss per pass through resonator
(iii) CW laser oscillation (iv ) undamped oscillations

Page 4 of 5
 The most suitable pumping scheme for realising CW laser sources is
19 (a) 2 level pumping scheme (b) 3 level pumping scheme (c) 4 level 2 CO4 KL2
pumping scheme (d) resonant transfer to metastable level
Random 1
The metastable level in a CO2 laser is
(a) Symmetric mode (b) bending mode (c) antisymmetric mode

The lower laser level of a CO2 laser emitting 10.6 micron radiation is
20 2 CO4 KL2
(a) Symmetric mode (b) bending mode (c) antisymmetric mode

The lower laser level of a CO2 laser emitting 9.6 micron radiation is
(a) Symmetric mode (b) bending mode (c) antisymmetric mode

A point- to point fiber optic link has to be designed using a laser source
at 1500 nm with linewidth of 0.5 nm capable of launching 0 dBm power
into a single mode fiber with loss of 0.5 dB/km at 1500nm and dispersion
21 of 1ps/ km.nm. If the receiver requires -35 dBm power and can tolerate a 2 CO5 KL3
maximum pulse dispersion of 25ps for error free detection, the maximum
fiber length that can be deployed without a repeater is ____________.
(a) 70 km (b) 50 km (c) 12.5 km (d) 25 km
A step index fiber with a core diameter of 6.8 m has a core index of 1.452 and
22 relative fractional index of 5.29 x 10-3. The wavelength at which the fiber 2 CO5 KL2
becomes singlemode is _______nm (enter value correct to 1 decimal)
Match the following:

Rayleigh scattering High loss , large NA

23 Microbends Intrinsic loss 2 CO5 KL2
Graded-index fiber Low intermodal dispersion
Plastic fiber Extrinsic loss

Match the following:

(a) PIN diode improved long wavelength detection
24 (b) APD High quantum efficiency large dark current 2 CO5 KL2
(c) Germanium diode low speed broad wavelength response
(d) Silicon PN diode visible to first telecommunication window
Which of these are not true about Mach Zehnder interferometer (Selecting all
will incur negative marks)
a) Converts phase changes into intensity modulation
b) Detects phase change due to temperature, pressure ,strain
25 2 CO5 KL2
c) Sensitive active sensor
d) Detects angular rotations
e) Provides distributed sensing.

Page 5 of 5
 (State Private University Established Under the Shiv Nadar University Act, 2018)

School of Engineering / School of Commerce and Management

Department of Computer Science and Engineering / Department of Commerce

End Semester Arrear Examinations, 2021-2022 Odd

Question Paper

Name of the Programme: AI & DS Semester: I

Course Code & Name: PH1001 T
Regulations: Regulation 2021
Time: 3 Hours Answer All Questions Maximum: 100 Marks

Q.No Part A Marks CO# KL#

An eardrum is exposed to 9-hours of sound intensity level of 90.0 dB.
1 The doctor says this may cause hearing damage. What is the total energy 2 CO1 KL2
in joules that falls on a 0.800-cm-diameter eardrum in this interval?
Calculate the probability of locating a free electron in its ground state between
2 2 CO2 KL3
0.2L to 0.4 L within a one dimensional potential well of length L.
Which of the following is not a degenerate state of a free electron confined in a
cubical box
(a) first excited state
3 2 CO2 KL2
(b) second excited state
(c) third excited state
(d) fourth excited state
Draw the variation of electron concentration in a N type semiconductor with
4 temperature marking out three distinct regions and the slopes in each of these 2 CO3 KL2
regions?
5 What is a direct bandgap material? 2 CO3 KL1
6 Find the coherence length of a laser source operating at 1500 nm with a
2 CO4 KL2
linewidth of 1nm.
What is a 4 level pumping scheme in lasers? Give an example of a solid state 4
7 2 CO4 KL2
level laser.
8 What is threshold population inversion? 2 CO4 KL1
9 What is intramodal dispersion? 2 CO5 KL1
A step index fiber with a core diameter of 9 m has a core index of 1.458 and
10 cladding index of 1.453. What is the shortest wavelength at which it can be 2 CO5 KL2
considered to be singlemode?
Part B

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 A composite structure consisting of an unknown material A embedded in a host
material is brought in for ultrasonic testing. As both velocity of propagation of
ultrasound in the
material A and its
thickness d is not
known, the ultrasonic
inspector decides to
11 use separate 6 CO1 KL3
transmitter (TX)and
receiver (RX)
transducers as shown in figure to test this. If the ultrasonic pulses launched
from TX are received by RX after delays of 18.97 s and 20.03 s when the
spacing between the TX and RX transducer is kept at 2 cm and 4 cm
respectively, what is the depth d estimated by the inspector?
Draw the energy band diagram for a N type semiconductor marking out
the approximate location of the fermi level at room temperature. Use the
12 6 CO2 KL3
knowledge of Fermi distribution and variation of density of states to
depict graphically the electron distribution in the conduction band .
Intrinsic silicon is doped with boron density of 1021/m3. If ionization
energy of boron is 0.04 eV in silicon, and Nv at 300 K is 2.6 x1025/m3,
13 6 CO3 KL3
calculate the ratio of ionized dopant density to the neutral dopants at 300
K (Boltzmann’s constant kB =1.38x10-23 J/K)
14 Discuss the construction and working of a heterojunction laser diode with
6 CO4 KL2
the help of relevant diagram
A point- to point fiber optic link has to be designed using a laser source
at 1500 nm and linewidth of 0.5 nm capable of launching 0dBm power
into a single mode fiber. If the single mode fiber used has a dispersion of
15 6 CO5 KL2
1 ps/ km.nm. and the receiver can tolerate a maximum pulse dispersion of
25ps for error free detection, what is the maximum fiber length that can
be deployed without repeater.
Part C (10 x 5 =50)
State Weber –Fechner law and describe how loudness perceived by human ears
a 10 CO1 KL2
varies with frequency with the help of loudness curves.
16 OR
Discuss B mode of ultrasonic scan data display using a sample test piece and
b 10 CO1 KL2
list one application that uses each display mode.
Derive the expression for average energy of an oscillator as per Planck’s theory
a for black body radiation. Obtain the average energy of these oscillators at low 10 CO2 KL2
frequency?
17
OR
Obtain the expression for density of states for a free electron in a constant
b 10 CO2 KL2
potential .
Derive the expression for electron density in the conduction band of an intrinsic
a 10 CO3 KL2
semiconductor.
18 OR
Obtain the expression for the location of Fermi energy level in an P type
b 10 CO3 KL2
semiconductor and explain how it varies with temperature.
Use Einstein’s relations for rates of spontaneous and stimulated atomic
a transitions in the presence of incident radiation and obtain the necessary 10 CO4 KL2
conditions to get stimulated emission to dominate.
19
OR
Describe the vibrational modes of a CO2 molecule and the construction and
b 10 CO4 KL2
working of a CO2 laser .

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 Describe the .causes for intrinsic attenuation losses in the fibers with the help of
a the typical wavelength dependent attenuation curve of a communication grade 10 CO5 KL2
optical fiber.
20
OR
Describe qualitatively the working of a Mach Zehnder interferometric fiber
b 10 CO5 KL2
sensor with relevant diagrams.

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 (State Private University Established Under the Shiv Nadar University Act, 2018)
School of Engineering
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
End Semester Examinations, 2022-2023 Odd
Question Paper
Name of the Programme: B.Tech AI & DS and B.Tech CSE(Cybersecurity) Semester: I
Course Code & Name: PH1001T Engineering Physics
Regulations: Regulation 2021
Time: 3 Hours Answer all questions Maximum: 100 Marks

Q.No PART A (10 x 2 =20 marks) Marks CO# KL#

a Two musicians play the same notes on a veena and a violin. They are 2 CO1 KL2
accompanied by a drummer. Which of the following statements are true?
i. The three instruments have different overtones
ii. All three instruments have the same overtones
1
iii. The veena and violin have the same pitch, but not the drum.
iv. The veena and violin have the same timbre, which is different
from that of the drum.

a Which of the following statements is true for a quantum mechanical wave 2 CO2 KL1
function (ψ(x,t) )?
i. ψ(x,t) gives the probability of finding the particle at x at t
ii. ψ*(x,t) gives the probability of finding the particle at x at t
2 iii. |ψ|(x,t) gives the probability of finding the particle at x at t
iv. |ψ(x,t)|2 gives the probability of finding the particle at x at t
OR
b What is the pumping source in a Nd Yag laser? 2 CO4 KL1

a Rayleigh-Jean’s law holds good for which of the following? 2 CO2 KL1
i. Shorter wavelength ii. Longer wavelength
3 iii. High temperature iv High energy
OR
b The coherence length of a laser beam is a measure of its temporal 2 CO4 KL1
coherence. True or False?

4 a Plot the appropriate graph for the relation between resistance and 2 CO3 KL2
temperature that can be used to determine the band-gap of a
semiconductor.

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5 a Given the following data on semiconductor A and B, which of them will 2 CO3 KL3
you choose for realizing high speed , low thermal noise applications.
Justify your choice.

Semiconductor A- Eg =1.5 eV, me* =0.067mo, mh*=0.47m0, e =0.85

m2/Vs, h = 0.04 m2/Vs
Semiconductor B- Eg =1.14 eV, me* = 0.56mo, mh*=1.08mo,
e =0.134 m2/Vs, h = 0.0284 m2/Vs

6 a If the ratio of the average energy of electron in Cu to that in silicon at 0 K

is 6.42, find the ratio of velocity of an electron in the Fermi level in Cu to 2 CO2 KL2
that in silicon at 0K .
7 a Calculate the probability of an electron occupying an energy level 0.01 eV
2 CO2 KL2
above and below the Fermi level at 300K.
8 a What is a direct bandgap material? Give an example. 2 CO3 KL2
9 a Draw a schematic diagram for a fiber optical pressure sensor. 2 CO5 KL2
10 a An optical fiber has a diameter of 6 microns. The refractive index of the
core is 1.47 and that of the cladding is 1.43. How many modes can 2 CO5 KL2
propagate in the fiber for a source wavelength of 1.5 micrometers?
PART B (5 x 6 =30 marks)
11 a There are 4 sound sources A, B, C and D. Given that (i) A,B,C and D have 6 CO1 KL3
the same intensity, (ii) A and D have the same loudness as perceived by
the ear, (iii) B and C are louder than A and D, and (iv) that C is the
loudest of them all, draw the relevant equal loudness curve.
12 a What is meant by density of states (DOS)? What property of momentum space 6 CO2 KL3
representation is used for the calculation of density of states? Plot the density of
states as a function of energy within the conduction band and use it together with
the knowledge of probability of occupation of these levels by an electron to show
that the electron distribution peaks at a level higher than the conduction band
edge EC.
13 a Define Fermi level. Draw the variation in the location of Fermi level for 2+2+2 CO3 KL2
Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, as a function of temperature

14 a A point- to point fiber optic link is designed using a laser source 6 CO5 KL3
operating at 1500 nm with linewidth of 0.5 nm, delivering 0 dBm power
into a single mode fiber. For error-free detection, the receiver requires -40
dBm power and a maximum pulse dispersion of 20ps. Calculate the
maximum fiber length that can be deployed without a repeater between
this source and receiver if the fiber has an attenuation of 0.5dBm/km and
total dispersion of 1ps/ km.nm
15 a Explain the need for 3 levels to create population inversion. Compare the
pumping efficiency of three level and four level lasers and their influence 6 CO4 KL2
on output characteristics.
PART C (5 x 10 =50 marks)
16 a Draw a simplified circuit diagram for an ultrasonic wave generator at 1
MHz and explain its working. If the velocity of sound through the material
used for generation is 5460 m/s, what should be the minimum length of 10 CO1 KL2
the material that undergoes mechanical oscillations, to ensure efficient
generation of the 1 MHz ultrasonic signal.
OR

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 b What are ultrasonic waves? Explain the advantages in using Ultrasonic
waves in non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials. With suitable
10 CO1 KL2
diagrams, explain use of ultrasonic NDT in (i) detection of surface cracks
(ii) detection of internal defects.
17 a Derive the expression for energy levels of a particle confined in an infinite
1D potential well and hence obtain the expression for energy levels for a
particle confined in a 3D box. Based on the results, sketch the energy 10 CO2 KL2
levels of the first four levels of particle confined in the infinite 3D
potential box.
OR
b Derive the expression for average energy of an atomic oscillator at frequency 
and hence the energy density of radiation at this frequency as per Planck’s 10 CO2 KL2
theory.
18 a Obtain the expression for density of holes in the valence band of an
intrinsic semiconductor and derive the expression for carrier concentration
10 CO3 KL2
in intrinsic semiconductors assuming the expression for electron density in
the conduction band.
OR
b What are N and P type semiconductors? Obtain the expression for the
location of Fermi energy level in an N type semiconductor assuming the
expression for electron concentration in the conduction band. Explain with 10 CO3 KL2
suitable band diagrams, the position of fermi level in P and N type
semiconductors and in an unbiased PN junction diode.
19 a Describe the spontaneous and stimulated interactions of a material with
incident radiation and obtain the necessary conditions to get stimulated 10 CO4 KL2
emission to dominate.
OR
b Describe the vibrational modes of a CO2 molecule and the construction
10 CO4 KL2
and working of a CO2 laser supported with relevant diagrams.
i. What is the condition for total internal reflection?
ii. An optical fibre consists of a core (μ1) surrounded by a cladding (μ2 )
such that μ2＜ μ1. A beam of light enters from the air at an angle of α
a with the axis of the fibre. Derive the expression for highest α for 2+5+3 CO5 KL2
20
which ray can be travel through the fibre?
iii. Explain how acceptance angle relates to intermodal dispersion in the
fiber.
OR
What is a Mach Zehnder interferometer? Explain how it is used as a
b 10 CO5 KL2
sensor.
KL – Bloom’s Taxonomy Levels
(KL1: Remembering, KL2: Understanding, KL3: Applying, KL4: Analyzing, KL5: Evaluating, KL6: Creating)
CO – Course Outcomes
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