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Sequences and Series

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50 views16 pages

Sequences and Series

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nadawaleedez
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Sequences and Series

Chapter 10
Find Terms of Sequences
A. Find the next four terms of the sequence
3, –1, –5, –9, . . ..
The nth term of this sequence is not given. One possible pattern is that each
term is 4 less than the previous term. Therefore, a sample answer for the
next four terms is -13, -17, -21, and -25.
Answer: –13, –17, –21, –25
B. Find the first four terms of the sequence given by an = n3 + 1.
Use the explicit formula to find an for n = 1, 2, 3, and 4.
a1 = 13 + 1 or 2 n = 1 a3 = 33 + 1 or 28 n=3
a2 = 23 + 1 or 9 n = 2 a4 = 43 + 1 or 65 n=4
The first four terms in the sequence are 2, 9, 28, and 65.
Answer: 2, 9, 28, 65
Find the next four terms of the sequence

A. 81, 27, 9, 3, …. B. 3, −9, 27, −81, … .

A. 162, –324, 648, –1296


A. 1,

B. 1, B. 243, –729, 2187, –6561

C. C. 243, 729, 2187, 6561

D. 1, –3, –9, –27 D. 324, –1296, 5184, –20,736


C. Find the third term of the sequence
a1 = 10, an = –2an–1 + 4.
A. a3 = –68

B. a3 = –16

C. a3 = 36

D. a3 = 76
Arithmetic Sequences
Determine the common difference and the next four terms of the
arithmetic sequence
–53, –36, –19, … .
First, find the common difference.
a2 - a1 = –36 – (–53) or 17 Find the difference
between pairs of
consecutive terms to
determine the
common difference.
a3 - a2 = –19 – (–36) or 17
Arithmetic Sequences
The common difference is 17. Add 17 to the third term to find the fourth term,
and so on.
a4 = –19 + 17 = –2
a5 = –2 + 17 = 15
a6 = 15 + 17 = 32
a7 = 32 + 17 = 49
The next four terms are –2, 15, 32, and 49.

Answer: 17; –2, 15, 32, 49


Determine the common difference and find the next four terms of the
arithmetic sequence
74, 68, 62, 56, … .
A. –6; 50, 44, 38, 32

B. –5; 51, 46, 41, 36

C. –4; 52, 48, 44, 40

D. 6; 62, 68, 74, 80


Explicit and Recursive Formulas
Find both an explicit formula and a recursive formula for the nth term
of the arithmetic sequence 14, 3, –8, … .
First, find the common difference.
a2 - a1 = 3 - 14 or -11
a3 - a2 = -8 - 3 or -11
For an explicit formula, substitute a1 = 14 and d = –11 in the formula for the
nth term of an arithmetic sequence.
an = a1 + (n -1)d nth term of an arithmetic
sequence
= 14 + (n - 1)(-11) a1 =14
and d = –11
= 14 + (-11)(n - 1) or –11n + 25 Simplify.
For an explicit formula, substitute a1 = 14 and d = –11 in the formula for the nth
term of an arithmetic sequence.
an = a1 + (n -1)d nth term of an arithmetic sequence

= 14 + (n - 1)(-11) a1 =14
and d = –11
= 14 + (-11)(n - 1) or –11n + 25 Simplify.
For a recursive formula, state the first term a1 and then indicate that the next
term is the sum of the previous term an - 1 and d.
a1 = 14
an = an - 1 + (-11) or an = an - 1 – 11
An explicit formula for the sequence is
an = 14 + (-11)(n - 1) or an = –11n +25, and a
recursive formula is a1 = 14, an = an - 1 – 11.
Answer: an = 14 + (–11)(n – 1) or an = –11n + 25;
a1 = 14, an = an – 1 – 11
Find both an explicit formula and a recursive formula for the nth
term of the arithmetic sequence 15, 33, 51, … .

A. an = 15n; a1 = 15, an = an – 1 + 18

B. an = 15n; a1 = 18, an = an – 1 + 15

C. an = 18n – 3; a1 = 15, an = an – 1 + 18

D. an = 18n; a1 = 15, an = an – 1 + 18
nth Terms
A. Find the 41st term of the arithmetic sequence
11, 4, –3, –10, ….
First, find the common difference.
a2 – a1 = 4 – 11 or –7 a3 – a2 = –3 – 4 or –7
Use the formula for the nth term of an arithmetic sequence to find a41.
an = a1 + (n – 1)d nth term of an arithmetic sequence
a41 = 11 + (41 – 1)(–7) n = 41, a1 = 11, and d = –7
a41 = –269 Simplify.
The 41st term of the sequence is –269.

Answer: –269
Determine the common difference and find the
next four terms of the arithmetic sequence
5, –1, –7, –13, … .
A. d = –6; –19, –25, –31, –37

B. d = –5; –18, –23, –28, –33

C. d = –5; –19, –25, –31, –37

D. d = 6; –19, –25, –31, –37


Geometric Sequences
A. Determine the common ratio and find the next three terms of the
geometric sequence
–6, 9, –13.5, … .
First, find the common ratio.
a2 ÷ a1 = 9 ÷ (–6) or –1.5 a3 ÷ a2 = –13.5 ÷ 9 or –1.5
The common ratio is –1.5. Multiply the third term by –1.5 to find the fourth
term, and so on.
a4 = (–13.5)(–1.5) or 20.25
a5 = 20.25(–1.5) or –30.375
a6 = (–30.375)(–1.5) or 45.5625
The next three terms are 20.25, –30.375, and 45.5625.
Answer: –1.5; 20.25, –30.375, 45.5625
Explicit and Recursive Formulas
Write an explicit formula and a recursive formula for finding the nth
term in the sequence
–1, 2, –4, … .

First, find a common ratio.


a2 ÷ a1 = 2 ÷ (–1) or –2 a3 ÷ a2 = –4 ÷ 2 or –2
The common ratio is –2.
For an explicit formula, substitute a 1 = –1 and r = –2
in the nth term formula.
an = a 1 r n – 1 nth term formula
an = –1(–2)n –1 a1 = –1 and r = –2
The explicit formula is an = –1(–2) n –1.
For a recursive formula, state the first term a1. Then
indicate that the next term is the product of the
previous term a n – 1 and r.
a1 = –1; an = (–2) an – 1
The recursive formula is a1 = –1; an = (–2) an – 1.
Answer: an = –1(–2)n –1; a1 = –1; an = (–2) an – 1
nth Terms
Find the 11th term of the geometric sequence
–122, 115.9, –110.105, … .
First, find the common ratio.
a2 ÷ a1 = 115.9 ÷ (–122) or –0.95 a3 ÷ a2 = –110.105 ÷ 115.9 or –0.95
Use the formula for the nth term of a geometric sequence.
an = a1 r n – 1 nth term of a geometric sequence
a11 = –122(–0.95)11 – 1 n = 11, a1 = –122, and
r = –0.95
a11 ≈ -73.05 Simplify.
The 11th term of the sequence is about –73.05.
Answer: about –73.05

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