The Motor

Motor Selection &

Application
 To Summarize the Motor
The stator takes electrical energy (KVA) from the
surface and converts this to magnetic energy in the
stator laminations.
The magnetic field of the stator induces current
(electrical energy) flow in the rotor.
This electrical energy in the rotor induces a secondary
magnetic field in the rotor laminations.
To Summarize the Motor
The magnetic poles of the rotor
will be attracted to (and
repelled by) the magnetic poles
in the stator.
As the stator magnetic field
moves, the rotor will move to try
to follow it.
 Motor Components
Coupling
There are many components Thrust Bearing
in a motor. Pot Head
The system to convert Shaft
electrical power to Copper Windings
mechanical work is Stator Steel Laminations
complex. Stator Brass Laminations

This is made more complex Rotor Bearing

Rotor
due to the operating
environment.
Motor oil fill plug
 Upper Tandem Motor
The motors can be
connected together to
create more horsepower —
to a limit.
Two motors connected
together are called tandem
units.
Leads for
connection to
other motor or
DMT unit.
Upper Tandem Motor
An Upper Tandem or Center
Tandem motor is also used
when connecting downhole
monitoring equipment.
There are many factors to
determine which motor to
use.
Leads for
This is what is termed connection to
other motor or
“Application”.
DMT unit.
 Motor Rating

In standard applications, the surface voltage is fixed

and the amperage changes as the load on the motor
changes.

In fact we use this information in the form of an amp

chart to see what is happening downhole with the
motor.
 Motor Rating

We can very easily anticipate this relationship by simply looking

at the equation for motor horsepower:

Motor HP = Volts x Amps x 1.732 x Eff x P.F

746
 Motor Rating

In reality this relationship is not linear since power

factor and efficiency are not truly constant and the
more they vary -- the greater will be the change in
amperage.
 Motor Rating

One problem with increasing the current too much will give us
greater copper losses in the motor winding; which is not good
for efficiency.
 Motor Rating

So how can we minimize this?

 Motor Rating

By increasing the voltage with increasing

horsepower, we can keep the rise of amperage
be in control
Motor Rating

This shows an example of

what the flux lines might look
like for one phase winding
based on a moderate loading
of the motor.
Motor Rating
If we place more
load on the same
motor, we get
many more
flux lines
required to Moderate Load
generated the
necessary
horsepower.

Heavy Load
 Motor Rating

Another practical consideration on rating a motor is

the speed.

Other than pulling high current to compensate the HP,

motor is potentially slow down with load. If the motor
speed is too low, we will lose pump performance so
we must set the HP at a point where the speed is
acceptable.
 Speed - Torque of Typical REDA Motor

Normal
area of
operation

Torque

Starting Torque
0
20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Speed (% of No-Load Speed)
 Speed - Torque of Typical REDA Motor

Normal
area of
operation

Torque

Starting Torque
To rque
Pump
0
20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Speed (% of No-Load Speed)
 Speed - Torque of Typical REDA Motor

Normal
area of
operation

Torque

p
Pum
g er
Starting Torque Lar
0
20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Speed (% of No-Load Speed)
 Motor Rating

One of the most important considerations in rating the

motor is temperature. Heat is generated in the
windings which must be dissipated by the fluid flowing
past the outside of the motor.
Typical temperature profile in a Motor
Casi n g

Th Potential
Hot Spot
Tw

Ts
Flow
Tf
Motor
Housing

Stator Winding

Th is the "hot spot" temperature and may or may not be in center of shaft
Tw is the winding temperature
Ts is the motor skin
Tf is the bulk fluid temperature
 Motor Rating

Another limiting factor will be temperature differential.

As the motor heats up, the components expand and
they expand at different rates since not all the
materials are the same.

Even if the motor were all one material, expansion

would vary since the internal temperature changes
within the motor itself.
 Motor Rating

The motor is designed with certain tolerances to allow

this thermal expansion. If too much expansion occurs
(such as with overheating), tolerances might be
exceeded and we could have bearing failures or other
damage.
 Motor Rating

Many of the Reda motors have "optimized" windings.

This simply means that the motor has been tested over
a range of voltages to determine where it is the most
efficient and the voltage is set at that point.
Motor Types, 60 & 50HZ Combinations

Motor Selection &

Application
Motor Types, 60 & 50Hz Power supply
A 60 Hz motor can run on 60 Hz or 50Hz power.

Inductive resistance of stator winding is lower

at 50 Hz and we have to decrease voltage if the
motor runs at 50 Hz. The ratio of 60Hz and 50 Hz
voltage will be the same : 60/50
It also means that the same motor will deliver
less horsepower at 50 Hz than at 60Hz.
 Frequency
For example, a 456 series 60Hz motor 120 HP - 2480V - 30.5 amp
would have a 50 Hz rating of 100 HP - 2066V - 30.5 amp

The amperage does not change.

2480 Volts x 5/6 = 2066 Volts

120 HP x 5/6 = 100 HP
BUT
Current remains constant
Motor Types, 60 & 50HZ Combinations
Say we have a 50 Hz pump application which
requires 157 horsepower
but we only have a 60 Hz motor catalogue page
available.
We want to use a 540 intermediate motor but don't
know which one. What do we do?
Motor Types, 60 & 50HZ Combinations
We can easily determine an
equivalent 60 Hz horsepower as 60
157 Hp x = 188.4 Hp
follows: 50

Now we can go look for a motor

larger than 188.4 HP. It looks like
we will need a 200 HP. Let's take
the 2194 volt, 55.5 amp motor.
What will be the 50 Hz rating?
Motor Types, 60 & 50HZ Combinations
The 50 Hz rating will be:

50
200 Hp x = 167 Hp
60

50
2194 volts x = 1828 volts
60

55.5 amps = 55.5 amps

Motor Types, 60 & 50HZ Combinations
This will apply no matter what frequency the motor is
operating on.

It does not only apply to 50 Hz and 60 Hz.

What if we have this same motor operating on a

generator set and the generator is actually running at
65 Hz.

What would be the rating of the motor?

Motor Types, 60 & 50HZ Combinations
The 65 Hz rating will be:

65
200 Hp x = 217 Hp
60

65
2194 volts x = 2377 volts
60

55.5 amps = 55.5 amps

Motor Types, 60 & 50HZ Combinations
At 65 Hz, the motor is capable of more horsepower. If
our pump load is still only 157 Hp (it would not be, but
that is not the point), we would be underloading the
motor.

We know this is not a problem and that motors will

even be more reliable under lower loads (lower
internal heating).
Application of Reda Motors

Motor Selection &

Application
 Application of Reda Motors
REDA manufactures motors in five different series --
375, 456, 540, 562 and 738 for different casing sizes.
 Reda 60 Hz Motor Range

Single Tandem Tandem Tandem

Ser . Diam . Type HP Range HP Range Max. HP Max Sections
375 3.75" SK, SX 7-26 30-127 127 5
456 4.56" SK, SX 12-150 175-300 300 2
PK, PX 10-120 140-240 240 2
MK, MX 10-120 140-240 240 2
540 5.13" SK, SX 25-250 300-750 750 3
PK, PX 20-200 240-600 600 3
MK, MX 20-200 240-600 600 3
562 5.62" Dominator 30-450 300-1170
300-750 1170
1200 3
738 7.38" 738E 200-333 400-1000
400-750 1000
1170 3

Contact Reda Engineering for information in applications of 562

motors over 750 HP.
 50 Hz Motor Range
Reda 50 Hz Motor Range
Single Tandem Tandem
Ser . Diam . Type HP Range HP Range Max. HP
375 3.75" SK, SX 6-21 25-106 106 5
456 4.56" SK, SX 10-125 146-250 250 2
PK, PX 8-100 117-200 200 2
MK, MX 8-100 117-200 200 2
540 5.13" SK, SX 21-208 250-625 625 3
PK, PX 17-167 200-500 500 3
MK, MX 17-167 200-500 500 3
562 5.62" Dominator 25-375 250-625 1000 3
738 7.38" 738E 167-278 333-648 975 3

Contact Reda Engineering for information in applications of 562

motors over 625 HP.
 Application of Reda Motors
With all these choices, which motor should we use for
a given application?
 Steps in Selection
Consider :
I. Motor Series
II. Motor Type
III. Motor configuration, Voltage and Amperage
IV. Actual motor performance & Operating
Temperature and compare against maximum
temperature of the well
V. Re-select motor if necessary
 Motor Series
In general, just as in pumps, the bigger the better.

Larger diameter motors are less expensive to purchase.

as they can also go to higher horsepower without the
need for tandem connections which will enhance
reliability — simple systems are better.
 Motor Series
The only exception in this is the 738 motor.

The 738 motor is often more expensive than the 540

due to the lower usage and higher cost of inventory,
handling and storing.
 Motor Type — Rating
The motor type is designed with two letters:
The first letter is a code which provides information
regarding to the motor rating:

S = Standard (250°F BHT - fixed horsepower),

M = Intermediate (300°F BHT - conservative fixed HP)
H = Hotline (450°F Motor Winding Temperature - fixed HP)
P = High Performance (250°F BHT - conservative fixed HP)
R = Optimum (400 °F Internal Temperature - variable HP)
 Motor Type — Insulation
The second letter is a code which provides
information about the insulation type:

K = Conventional winding and varnish

X = New patented winding material, without varnish
 Old Nomenclature
The designations corresponding to the old
designations for motor types are:

OLD NEW
90-0 SK
91 PK
90-0 Int. MK
NA RK Dominator
NA HX HOTLINE
 Application of Reda Motors
All motor HP ratings are based on water which has a
specific gravity of 1.00

Lower flow rates; or higher oil cut (density change)

can lower the effective HP rating.
 Bearings
A special note about thrust bearings here:

The standard REDA bearing is "bi-directional" -- that is

the motor can be run in either direction with no loss in
bearing capacity.

The Hi-Ex Glacier thrust bearing is uni-directional and

can only be operated in one direction. Reverse
operation may lead to bearing failure.
Configuration, Voltage & Amperage
After choosing the Motor Series and Type, know if it
will be necessary for a single or tandem motor to
match the HP requirement of the pump.
Now we should look at Volts and Amps.
 Application of Reda Motors
For any given Hp there will be several voltages and amperages available.
Reda
5 4 0 S e rie s M o to rs - M K T y p e

60H Z 50H Z R a t in g s C a rb o n S te e l R e d a llo y

L W t M K M K
H P V o lt A m ps Type (F t) (L b s ) P a rt N u m b e r P a rt N u m b

100 83 1305 1088 5 1 .5 S 1 5 .7 1007 1 0 8 9 8 4 6 1 0 9 0 9 4 3

U T 1 5 .8 1 0 9 0 2 1 6 1 0 9 1 3 1 3
2313 1928 27 S 1 5 .7 1007 1 0 8 9 8 5 3 1 0 9 0 9 5 0
U T 1 5 .8 1 0 9 0 2 2 4 1 0 9 1 3 2 1
120 100 1105 921 6 9 .5 S 1 8 .5 1194 1 0 8 9 8 6 1 1 0 9 0 9 6 8
U T 1 8 .5 1 0 9 0 2 3 2 1 0 9 1 3 3 9
C T 1 8 .8 1 0 9 0 3 7 2 1 0 9 1 4 7 9
2270 1892 3 2 .5 S 1 8 .5 1194 1 0 8 9 8 7 9 1 0 9 0 9 7 6
U T 1 8 .5 1 0 9 0 2 4 0 1 0 9 1 3 4 7
140 117 1022 852 85 S 2 1 .2 1380 1 0 8 9 8 8 7 1 0 9 0 9 8 4
U T 2 1 .2 1 0 9 0 2 5 7 1 0 9 1 3 5 4
C T 2 1 .5 1 0 9 0 3 8 0 1 0 9 1 4 8 7
1299 1083 6 9 .5 S 2 1 .2 1380 1 0 8 9 8 9 5 1 0 9 0 9 9 2
U T 2 1 .2 1 0 9 0 2 6 5 1 0 9 1 3 6 2
C T 2 1 .5 1 0 9 0 3 9 8 1 0 9 1 4 9 5
2101 1751 4 0 .5 S 2 1 .2 1380 1 0 8 9 9 0 3 1 0 9 1 0 0 8
U T 2 1 .2 1 0 9 0 2 7 3 1 0 9 1 3 7 0
 Application of Reda Motors
III. MOTOR CONFIGURATION, VOLTAGE & AMPERAGE

When putting more than one motor together in tandem

combinations, recommended to keep the sections the
same HP and voltage with similar amperage.
For example a 300 HP, 540 motor should be made of
two 150 HP motors rather than something like a 200 HP
and a 100 HP.

It is possible to mismatch motors if the wire size is the same in

each winding but this should be avoided and never done
without consulting engineering.
 Application of Reda Motors
III. MOTOR CONFIGURATION, VOLTAGE & AMPERAGE

So what happens when we put two motors together?

 Application of Reda Motors
III. MOTOR CONFIGURATION, VOLTAGE & AMPERAGE
With two motors we double the HP (add the two HP’s
together). We also double the voltage but the
amperage remains the same.

With three motors we triple the HP and voltage but the

amperage still does not change.
For example, a 140 HP, 1299V, 69.5A UT
motor coupled to a 140 HP, 1299V, 69.5 CT motor
would give us a 280 HP, 2598V, 69.5A motor.
 Application of Reda Motors
III. MOTOR CONFIGURATION, VOLTAGE & AMPERAGE

Always take care when adding motors together so that

the total voltage does not exceed the system limits --
i.e. do not try to put 3500 volts on a 3 kV cable.
Surface controllers, transformers, wellhead
feedthrough mandrels (Penetrator, BIW Connector),
etc. will all have voltage limits we need to be
concerned with.