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Epidemiology 1

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8 views2 pages

Epidemiology 1

Uploaded by

marco.aziz01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dr\Hassnaa Hiessen

Lect. 1 Epidemiology ‫علم الوبائيات‬


Is the study of disease in populations and factors that determine its occurrence

❖ Objective of epidemiology; ‫هدف علم الوبائيات‬


1.Determination of the origin of disease whose cause is known
2. Investigation and control of disease if the cause is unknown.
3. Having information on ecology and natural history of a disease.
4. Planning of disease control programmes
5. Economic effect of a disease and the cost of alternative control programmes.
❖ Tools of epidemiology: Investigation by data collection ‫التحري عن طريق جمع المعلومات‬

Types of epidemiological investigation


A-Descriptive of epidemiology; ‫علم الوبائيات الوصفي‬
▪ Called natural history of the disease
▪ the first part of any investigation & include observation & recording
Observation & recording Asking question
▪The collecting data used for qualitative ▪What is the phenomenon?
evaluation of the disease ▪Which are the animal involved?
▪When, Where, How & Why did it occur?
▪ For this observation, several data are obtained & lead to Epidemiological hypothesis about
the disease & possible determinant
Epidemiological hypothesis; ‫الفرضيه الوبائية‬
an explanation of the disease event by facts that are known.
B-Analytical epidemiological ; ‫علم الوبائيات التحليلي‬
▪ Analysis of observation using suitable diagnostic & statistical tests.
The prime (main) objective of analytical epidemiology is to
1. identify risk factors for the disease ‫الخطر عوامل تحديد‬
2. estimate their effects on the disease
3. suggest possible control strategies ‫اقتراح اسنراتيجات للسيطرة‬
C. Experimental epidemiology D. Theoretical epidemiology(Modelling)
‫علم الوبائيات التجريبي‬ ‫علم الوبائيات النظري او التخيلي‬
1. Designing specific population experiments 1. consist of the representation of disease
to test epidemiological hypothesis using mathematical "models" that can
2. The experiments are includes vaccine trials, simulate natural patterns of disease
drug trials & various clinical trials. occurrence ‫تحاكي الواقع‬
3. Can performed in a laboratory or in the
field on a limited population.
4- Should always precede the use of intervention
of whole population.
5- in many cases, proceeded directly from
descriptive to experimental stage without much
quantitative analysis

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Dr\Hassnaa Hiessen

❖ Sometime investigation can be specific (specific epidemiology);


1) Serological epidemiology:
Investigation of disease by measurement of specific AB & use as evidence for infection
2) Clinical epidemiology
Concerned with:
1. The frequency and cause of disease.
2. The factors that affect prognosis
3. The validity of the diagnostic tests.
4. The effective of therapeutic and preventive techniques.
3) Computational epidemiology: using computer science
4) Molecular epidemiology: using molecular technique such as PCR
5) Environmental epidemiology: concerned with relationship between disease &
environmental factors such as pollution
6) Micro-epidemiology: study of disease in a small group of individuals.
7) Macro-epidemiology: study of national patterns of disease, economic and political factors
that affect them.

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