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 Piling Work Question for Interview

1. What is meant by Pile Foundation?

➢ Pile foundation, a kind of deep foundation, is actually a slender column or long

cylinder made of materials such as concrete or steel, which are used to support the
structure and transfer the load at desired depth by either end bearing or skin
friction.
➢ Pile foundation is needed in areas where the structures constructed are large &
heavy and the soil underlying is weak.

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

2. Explain Pile Layout Plan?

➢ Pile Layout ( Location Plan )

➢ Pile Diameter / Size
➢ Load Carrying Capacity of Pile
➢ Steel Details
➢ Cutoff Level

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

3. What is the Sequence / Methodology of Piling Work?

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

4. Why breaking of concrete is done above Cutoff level for Pile Head?

➢ At the time of pile concreting, first, we charge the hopper with concrete. The lock system above
the tremie pipe is opened to let the concrete into the pile bore. The concrete is gradually filled in
the pile bore, using this concrete batching & charging method.
➢ The bottom end of the tremie pipe is always kept immersed in the poured concrete. In this
process, the top part of the concrete gets contaminated with mud splash, bentonite slurry, &
other organic impurities.
➢ When we complete the casting work, the sludge concrete occupies the top part of the pile. This
sludge concrete is weak in its compressive strength & they are not capable to carry the designed
strength.

That’s why pile head is chipped off upto cutoff level.

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

5. Which soil is suitable for pile foundation?.

➢ The types of soil that most often require piling are those with high clay or
silt content since these are fine-grained soils
➢ Soil Investigation or geotechnical investigation is a procedure that
determines the stratigraphy (study of rocks) and relevant physical
properties of the soil underlying the site.

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

6. Why is pile foundation used?

➢ Pile foundations are principally used to transfer the loads from superstructures, through weak, compressible
strata or water onto stronger, more compact, less compressible and stiffer soil or rock at depth, increasing the
effective size of a foundation and resisting horizontal loads

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

7. What are the various techniques used for Cast-in-Situ bored piles?

1. Using permanent casing.

2. Using temporary casing.
3. Sing bentonite and chisel bailer boring.
4. Using bentonite with direct mud circulation or reverse mud circulation or
5. The pile may be bored by Rotary method using Rotary piling rigs

Temporary Casing Permanent Casing Bentonite Circulation

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

8. How piles are concreted in water?

➢ In pile foundation generally the concrete is required to be

placed under water. In such situations tremie method of
concreting is generally adopted.
➢ It is essential that the concrete to be placed in pile by
tremie method has a slump of at least 150 mm. Essential
requirement of tremie method of concreting is that tremie
pipe should always be well below the water/concrete
interface during concreting. However for large diameter
piles, tremie pipe even upto 250 mm diameters are being
used.

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

9. What is the average depth of Pile?

➢ The average length of piles is generally around 10 meter or Depending on

the load of Structure
➢ High Rise Building and Soil Conditions it can be up to 30 meter Deep

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

10. What is temporary Casing, Why we need to use?

➢ Most contractors make use of temporary casing of 16 mm thickness driven

into the bores upto noncollapsible strata in order to stabilize the bores and
prevent collapses. If these casing are driven upto non-collapsible strata
and boring is continued at a rapid rate very often, dry bores are possible
to achieve.

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

11. What are the Record required to be maintained for Piling Work?

1. Boring Data as per 10 min interval ➢ Bore Log

2. Rock samples ➢ Checklist for Pile Reinforcement
3. Depth of Soil
➢ Checklist of Pile
4. Depth of Rock
➢ Pour Cards
5. Cage Length
6. Concrete Top

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

12. What are the precautions taken for Stability of Drill Shaft?

For stabilizing the sides of the bore, following methods can be adopted:
1. For shallow depth upto 8.0 m, temporary casing can be used for the full
length of the soil strata.
2. In highly weak or collapsible strata permanent liner can be provided so
that the pile shaft is not damaged by side collapse during extraction of
liner when the concrete is green.
3. Bentonite suspension of around 6% by weight can effectively support the
bore. A positive head of about 1.5 m of bentonite suspension should
generally be maintained above the ground water table. Bentonite
suspension method is most suitable in sandy deposits.

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

13. What are methods to determine the load carrying capacity of a pile?

1. Dynamic formulae
2. Static formula
3. Pile load test
4. Penetration tests

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

14. What are the factors consider while selecting the type of pile?

➢ The Load
➢ Time available for completion of the job
➢ Availability of equipment
➢ The ground water conditions
➢ The characteristics of the soil strata involved

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

15. How is the selection of pile carried out?

- The selection of the type, length and capacity is usually made from estimation
based on the
- soil condition and
- magnitude of the load

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

16. List out the type of pile based on material used?

➢ Timber pile
➢ Concrete pile
➢ Steel pile
➢ Composite pile

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

17. Some Common Construction Problems in Piling

1. Reinforcement Cage Pile tip L

In the first instant no reinforcement is needed at pile tip to take care of bending
moment. Such ‘L’ bending prevents the tremie from reaching the borehole bottom. If
tremie does not reach borehole bottom, tremie concreting by displacement method
cannot be achieved. Thus, provision of ‘L’ bend prevents good concreting and hence is
to be eliminated.
2. Lowering a long Cage ( Muck Accumulated at Pile Tip or Toe )
3. Improper Method Of Chipping Of Pile concrete Above The Cut Off Level
4. In situ pile concreting is done at least 300mm preferably 600mm above cut off.
5. Inadequate tip zone cleaning
During execution due care needs to be taken to ensure that loose muck at the tip of the
pile is completely cleaned. Otherwise end-bearing resistance will be lost till considerable
settlement of pile occurs.
6. Necking And Bulging In Soft Clays ( Use Permanent or Temporary Liner )

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

18. What is the Slump should be for Pile Concrete?

➢ Concrete in pile is self-leveling concrete with very high slump (150

to 180 mm)
➢ Bulging of piles leads to excessive consumption of concrete. Hence
it is absolutely essential to keep check on theoretical and actual
consumption of concrete in each pile at the time of concreting.

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

19. What is the Test Conducted on Piles?

1. Integrity Testing of Piles

➢ A pile integrity test (also known as low-strain dynamic test, sonic echo test, and low-strain
integrity test) is one of the methods for assessing the condition of piles or shafts.
➢ It is cost-effective and not very time-consuming.
2. High Strain Dynamic Testing (HSDT) of Piles
Pile foundations are designated for load tests more frequently in comparison to other foundation
units for two main reasons:
❑ The inability to visually inspect the pile after installation and
❑ The limited understanding of the material surrounding the pile. It is evident that the design and
construction of pile foundations involve numerous factors and potential problems, most of which
originate from the occurrence of defects in the load bearing pile body itself or its surrounding
soil material to which the load is transferred.
➢ 1.5 Times Design Load
➢ Pressure = Load/Area
➢ Gross Permissible Settlement not more than 12 mm

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 Piling Work Question for Interview

20. What is Post Piling Measures?

➢ After completing of all piles, survey is carried out to check the deviations of piles from their
actual locations. Eccentricity in terms of x and y direction is plotted and submitted to RCC
consultant for designing of pile cap.
➢ Permissible allowable eccentricity upto 75mm or D/10 whichever is more

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