Professional Practice 1 – Lecture 1: R.A.

8981
Republic Act No. 8981
1. Known as the “PRC Modernization Act of 2000”
2. An act modernizing the Professional Regulation Commission
3. Approved on 05 December 2000
4. Repealed P.D. 223 (“Creating the Professional Regulation Commission and
Prescribing its Powers and Functions”)
Section 3: Professional Regulation Commission
1. A three-man commission to be known as the Professional Regulation
Commission (“Commission”) which shall be attached to the office of the
President for general direction and coordination.
Section 4: Composition
1. Headed by one (1) full-time Chairperson and two (2) full-time
Commissioners
2. Seven-year term
Section 7: Powers, Functions, and Responsibilities of the Commission
1. To administer and conduct the licensure examinations of the various regulatory
boards
2. To admit the successful examinees to the practice of the profession or
occupation
3. To supervise foreign nationals who are authorized by existing laws to practice
their professions either as holders of a certificate of registration and a
professional identification card or a temporary special permit in the Philippines
4. To monitor the performance of schools in licensure examinations and publish the
results thereof in a newspaper of national circulation
Section 9: Powers, Functions, and Responsibilities of the Various Regulatory
Boards
1. To regulate the practice of the professions in accordance with the provisions of
their respective professional regulatory laws
2. To monitor the conditions affecting the practice of the profession or occupation
under their respective jurisdictions
3. After due process, to suspend, revoke or reissue, reinstate certificate of
registration or licenses for causes provided by law
4. To prepare, adopt and issue the syllabi or tables of specifications of the subjects
for examinations in consultation with the academe
Section 11: Person to Teach Subjects for Licensure Examination on all
Professions
 1. All subjects for licensure examinations shall be taught by persons who are
holders of valid certificates of registration and valid professional licenses of the
profession and who comply with the other requirements of the CHED.
Section 15: Penalties for Manipulation and Other Corrupt Practices in the
Conduct of Professional Examinations
Scenario Penalty
Any person who manipulates or rigs • Imprisonment: Six (6) years and one (1)
licensure examination results, secretly day to twelve (12) years, or;
informs, or makes known licensure • Fine: P50,000.00 to P100,000.00
examination questions prior to the • Both imprisonment and fine
conduct of the examination or tampers
with the grades in professional licensure
examinations shall be punished with a/n:
If the offender is an officer or employee, Penalties for the accomplices:
he/she shall be removed from the office • Imprisonment: Four (4) years and one
and suffer the penalty of perpetual (1) day to six (6) years, or:
absolute disqualification from public office • Fine: P20,000.00 to P49,000.00
to addition to the penalties prescribed • Both imprisonment and fine
Penalties for accessories:
• Imprisonment: Two (2) years and one
(1) day to four (4) years, or:
• Fine: P5,000 – P19,000
• Both imprisonment and fine
Professional Practice 1 – Lecture 2: R.A. 9266
Republic Act No. 9266
1. Known as the “Architecture Act of 2004”
2. This provides a more responsive and comprehensive regulation for the
registration, licensing, and practice of architecture
3. Approved on 15 March 2004
4. Repealed R.A. 545 (“An Act to Regulate the Practice of Architecture in the
Philippines”)
Article 1, Section 3: Definition of Terms:
1. "Architecture" is the art, science, or profession of planning, designing and
constructing buildings
2. "Architect" means a person professionally and academically qualified,
registered and licensed under this Act with a Certificate of Registration and
Professional Identification Card issued by the Professional Regulatory Board of
Architecture and the Professional Regulation Commission
a. "Architect-of-record" –responsible for the total design of the project for the
client; assumes the civil liability for the plans, specifications, and contract
documents he/she has signed and sealed
b. "Architect-in-charge of construction" –responsible and liable for the
construction supervision of the project
c. "Consulting Architect" –qualified and with exceptional or recognized
expertise or specialization in any branch of architecture
d. "Scope of the Practice of Architecture" –professional services in
connection with site, physical and planning and the design, construction,
enlargement, conservation, renovation, remodeling, restoration or alteration of
a building or group of buildings.
e. "Architectural Firm" means a sole proprietorship, a partnership or a
corporation registered with the proper government agencies
f. "Service Agreement" means a duly notarized written contract or equivalent
public instrument stipulating the scope of services and guaranteeing
compensation of such services to be rendered by an architect registered and
licensed under this Act
g. "Continuing Professional Development" refers to a sustaining and
progressive learning process that maintains, enhances, or increases the
knowledge and continuing ability of architects
Article III, Section 4: Subjects for Examination
 1. History and Theory of Architecture; Principles of Planning and Architectural
Practice.
2. Structural Design, Building Materials, and Architectural Specifications, and
Methods of Construction and Utilities.
3. Urban Design and Architectural Interiors; and
4. Architectural Design and Site Planning.
Article III, Section 15: Rating in Licensure Examination
1. Passing rate: General average of seventy percent (70%), with no grade lower
than fifty percent (50%) in any given subject
Article IV, Section 27: Reciprocity Requirements
1. A non-citizen of the Philippines can take the licensure examination provided that
the country of which he/she is a citizen either admits citizens of the Philippines to
the practice of the same profession without restriction or allows them to practice
it after passing an examination on terms of strict and absolute equality with
citizens.
Article IV, Section 28: Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
1. All practicing architects shall undergo continuing professional development
Article IV, Section 29: Prohibition in the Practice of Architecture and Penal Clause
1. Practicing architecture without being registered/licensed and who are not holders
of temporary or special permits
2. Person presenting or attempting to use as his/her own the Certificate of
Registration/Professional Identification Card or seal of another or temporary or
special permit
3. False or forged evidence of any kind in obtaining a Certificate of
Registration/Professional Identification Card or temporary or special permit
4. Falsely impersonating any registrant of like or different name
5. Attempting to use a revoked or suspended Certificate of
Registration/Professional Identification Card or cancelled special/temporary
permit
6. Claiming, advertising, or tending to convey the impression that you are an
architect when you are not an architect
7. Allowing the use, adoption, implementation of plans, designs or specification
made by any person, firm, partnership, or company not duly licensed to engage
in the practice of architecture
Violation Penalty
Violating any provisions of R.A. 9266 •Fine: P100,000.00 –P5 Million, or;
•Imprisonment: 6 months –6 years
Any person or entity, whether public or •Fine: Not less than P200,000.00, or;
private, Filipino or foreigner, who/which •Imprisonment: Not exceeding six (6)
 shall entice, compel, coerce, require or years
otherwise force an architect registered •Both fine and imprisonment
and licensed under this Act to
undertake/perform any service under the
general practice of architecture as
defined under this Act, without first
executing a written contract/service
agreement, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor

Article IV, Section 33: Ownership of Plans, Specifications and other Contract
Documents
1. Drawings and specifications and other contract documents duly signed,
stamped, or sealed, as instruments of service, are the intellectual property and
documents of the architect, whether the object for which they are made is
executed or not. It shall be unlawful for any person to duplicate or to make copies
of said documents for use in the repetition of and for other projects or buildings,
whether executed partly or in whole, without the written consent of architect or
author of said documents. All architects shall incorporate this provision in all
contract documents and other instruments of service.
Article IV, Section 37: Limitation to the Registration of a Firm, Company,
Partnership, Corporation or Association
1. A firm, company, partnership, corporation, or association may be registered or
licensed as such for the practice of architecture under the following conditions:
a. Only Filipino citizens properly registered and licensed as architects may form
or obtain registration as a firm, company, partnership, corporation, or
association
b. Shall be consisted of at least 75% of registered and licensed architects
c. Individual members of such firm, partnership association or corporation shall
be responsible for their individual and collective acts as an entity and as
provided by law
d. Shall be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
the Board of Architecture
Article IV, Section 38: Coverage of Temporary/Special Permits
1. Foreign nationals shall secure a special/temporary permit from the Board of
Architecture subject to approval of the Professional Regulation Commission in
order to engage in Philippine-based projects.
Article V, Section 40: Integration of the Architecture Profession
 1. The Architecture profession shall be integrated into one (1) national organization
as the integrated and accredited professional organization of architects
2. An architect duly registered with the Board shall automatically become member
of the integrated and accredited professional organization of architects

Professional Practice 1 – Lecture 3: P.D. 1096

Presidential Decree 1096
1. Known as the “National Building Code of the Philippine”
2. The policy of the State to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare,
consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and control;
to provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of minimum standards
and requirements to regulate and control their location, site, design, quality of
materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance.
3. Promulgated on 19 February 1977
4. Superseded R.A. 6541, entitled “An Act to Ordain and Institute a National
Building Code of the Philippines”
Chapter 1: General Provisions
Section 103. Scope and Application
1. The provisions of this Code shall apply to the design, location, siting,
construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance,
moving, demolition of, and addition to public and private buildings and structures,
except traditional indigenous family dwellings as defined herein.
2. Buildings and/or structures constructed before the approval of this Code shall not
be affected thereby except when alterations, additions, conversions or repairs
are to be made therein in which case, this Code shall apply only to portions to be
altered, added, converted or repaired.

Chapter 2: Administration and Enforcement

Section 205. Building Officials
1. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Building Official shall be responsible for
carrying out the provisions of this Code in the field as well as the enforcement of
orders and decisions made pursuant thereto.
2. Due to the exigencies of the service, the Secretary may designate incumbent
Public Works District Engineers, City Engineers and Municipal Engineers to act
as Building Officials in their respective areas of jurisdiction.
Section 206. Qualifications of Building Officials
 1. No person shall be appointed as a Building Official unless he possesses the
following qualifications:
a. A Filipino citizen and of good moral character.
b. A duly registered architect or civil engineer.
c. A member of good standing of a duly accredited organization of his
profession for not less than two years.
d. Has at least five years of diversified and professional experience in building
design and construction
Section 207. Duties of a Building Official
1. In his respective territorial jurisdiction, the Building Official shall be primarily
responsible for the enforcement of the provisions of this Code as well as of
the implementing rules and regulations issued therefor. He is the official charged
with the duties of issuing building permits.
2. In the performance of his duties, a Building Official may enter any building or
its premises at all reasonable times to inspect and determine compliance
with the requirements of this Code, and the terms and conditions provided for
in the building permit as issued.
3. When any building work is found to be contrary to the provisions of this Code,
the Building Official may order the work stopped and prescribe the terms
and/or conditions when the work will be allowed to resume. Likewise, the
Building Official is authorized to order the discontinuance of the occupancy or
use of any building or structure, or portion thereof found to be occupied or used
contrary to the provisions of this Code.
Section 209. Exemption
1. Public buildings and traditional indigenous family dwellings shall be exempt from
payment of building permit fees.
2. The term “traditional indigenous family dwelling” means a dwelling intended
for the use and occupancy by the family of the owner only and constructed of
native materials such as bamboo, nipa, logs, or lumber, the total cost of which
does not exceed fifteen thousand pesos.

Chapter 3: Permits and Inspection

Section 301. Building Permits
1. No person, firm or corporation, including any agency or instrumentality of the
government shall erect, construct, alter, repair, move, convert or demolish any
building or structure or cause the same to be done without first obtaining a
building permit therefor from the Building Official assigned in the place where the
subject building is located, or the building work is to be done.
Section 302. Application for Permits
 1. In order to obtain a building permit, the applicant shall file an application therefor
in writing and on the prescribed form from the Office of the Building Official.
Every application shall provide at least the following information:
a. A description of the work to be covered by the permit applied for;
b. Certified true copy of the TCT covering the lot on which the proposed work is
to be done. If the applicant is not the registered owner, in addition to the TCT,
a copy of the contract of lease shall be submitted;
c. The use or occupancy for which the proposal work is intended;
d. Estimated cost of the proposed work.
2. To be submitted together with such application are at least five sets of
corresponding plans and specifications prepared, signed and sealed by a
duly registered mechanical engineer in case of mechanical plans, and by a
registered electrical engineer in case of electrical plans, except in those cases
exempted or not required by the Building Official under this Code.
Section 304. Issuance of Building Permit
1. When satisfied that the work described in an application for building permit and
the plans and specifications submitted therewith, conform to the requirements of
this Code and other pertinent rules and regulations, the Building Official shall,
within fifteen days from payment of the required fees by the applicant, issue
the building permit applied for.
Section 305. Validity of Building Permit
1. A building permit issued under the provisions of this Code shall expire and
become null and void if the building or work authorized therein is not
commenced within a period of one year from the date of such permit, or if
the building or work so authorized is suspended or abandoned at any time after
it has been commenced, for a period of 120 days.
Section 306. Non-Issuance, Suspension or Revocation of Building Permits
1. The Building Official may order or cause the non-issuance, suspension or
revocation of building permits on any or all of the following reasons or grounds:
a. Errors found in the plans and specifications;
b. Incorrect or inaccurate data or information supplied;
c. Non-compliance with the provisions of this Code or of any rule or regulation.
2. Notice of non-issuance, suspension or revocation of building permits shall always
be made in writing, stating the reason or grounds therefor.
Section 308. Inspection and Supervision of Work
1. The owner of the Building who is issued or granted a building permit under this
Code shall engage the services of a duly licensed architect or civil engineer to
undertake the full time inspection and supervision of the construction work.
2. Such architect or civil engineer may or may not be the same architect or civil
engineer who is responsible for the design of the building.
Section 309. Certificate of Occupancy
1. No building or structure shall be used or occupied and no change in the existing
use or occupancy classification of a building or structure or portion thereof shall
be made until the Building Official has issued a Certificate of Occupancy therefor
as provided in this Code.
2. A Certificate of Occupancy shall be issued by the Building Official within thirty
(30) days if after final inspection and submittal of a Certificate of
Completion referred to in the preceding Section, it is found that the building or
structure complies with the provisions of this Code.

Chapter 4: Types of Construction

Section 401. Types of Construction
Type Description
Type I shall be of wood construction. The structural elements may
be any of the materials permitted by this Code.
Type II shall be of wood construction with protective fire-resistant
materials and one-hour fire-resistive throughout: Except, that
permanent non-bearing partitions may use fire-retardant
treated wood within the framing assembly
Type III shall be of masonry and wood construction. Structural
elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code:
Provided, that the building shall be one-hour fire-resistive
throughout. Exterior walls shall be of incombustible fire-
resistive construction.
Type IV shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction.
Walls, ceilings, and permanent partitions shall be of
incombustible fire-resistive construction: Except, that
permanent non-bearing partitions of one-hour fire-resistive
construction may use fire-retardant treated wood within the
framing assembly.
Type V shall be fire-resistive. The structural elements shall be of
steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction. Walls, ceilings,
and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire-resistive
construction.

Chapter 5: Requirement for Fire Zones

Section 501. Fire Zones Defined
 1. Fire zones are areas within which only certain types of buildings are permitted to
be constructed based on their use or occupancy, type of construction, and
resistance to fire.
Section 502. Buildings located in more than One Fire Zone
1. A building or structure which is located partly in one fire zone and partly in
another shall be considered to be in the more highly restrictive fire zone, when
more than one-third of its total floor area is located in such zone.
Section 503. Moved Building
1. Any building or structure moved within or into any fire zone shall be made to
comply with all the requirements for buildings in that fire zone.
Section 504. Temporary Building
1. Temporary buildings such as reviewing stands and other miscellaneous
structures conforming to the requirements of this Code, and sheds, canopies and
fences used for the protection of the public around and in conjunction with
construction work, may be erected in the fire zones by special permit from the
Building Official for a limited period of time, and such buildings or structures shall
be- completely removed upon the expiration of the time limit stated in such
permits.

Chapter 6: Fire-Resistive Requirements in Construction

Section 601. Fire-Resistive Rating Defined
1. Fire-resistive rating means the degree to which a material can withstand fire as
determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods
Section 602. Fire-Resistive Time Period Rating
1. Fire-resistive time period rating is the length of time a material can withstand
being burned which may be one-hour, two-hours, three-hours, four-hours, etc.
Section 603. Fire-Resistive Standards
1. All materials of construction, and assemblies or combinations thereof shall be
classified according to their fire-retardant or flame-spread ratings as determined
by general accepted testing methods and/or by the Secretary.
Section 604. Fire-Resistive Regulations
1. The Secretary shall prescribe standards and promulgate rules and regulations on
the testing of construction materials for flame-spread characteristics, tests on fire
damages, fire tests of building construction and materials, door assemblies and
tinclad fire doors and window assemblies, the installation of fire doors and
 windows and smoke and fire detectors for fire protective signaling system,
application and use of controlled interior finish, fire-resistive protection for
structural members, fire-resistive walls and partitions, fire-resistive floor or roof
ceiling, fire-resistive assemblies for protection of openings and fire-retardant roof
coverings.
Chapter 7: Classification and General Requirements of All Buildings by Use or
Occupancy
Section 701. Occupancy Classified
Group Classification Group Classification
Group A Residential Dwellings Group F Industrial
Group B Residentials, Hotels and Group G Storage and Hazardous
Apartments
Group C Education and Group H Assembly Other Than
Recreation Group I
Group D Institutional Group I Assembly Occupant Load
1000 or More
Group E Business and Mercantile Group J Accessory

Section 705. Allowable Floor Areas

General
1. No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a
public space, yard or street on at least one of its sides.
2. For the purpose of this Section, the center line of an adjoining street or alley shall
be considered an adjacent property line.
3. Eaves over required windows shall not be less than 750 millimeters from the
side and rear property lines.
Section 708. Minimum Requirements of Group A Dwellings
Area Minimum Requirements
Dwelling Location and Lot The dwelling shall occupy not more than ninety percent
Occupancy of a corner lot and eighty percent of an inside lot, and
subject to the provisions on Easements of Light and
View of the Civil Code of Philippines, shall be at least 2
meters from the property line.
Light and Ventilation Every dwelling shall be so constructed and arranged as
to provide adequate light and ventilation as provided
under Section 805 to Section 811, of this Code.
Sanitation Every dwelling shall be provided with at least one
sanitary toilet and adequate washing and drainage
facilities.
Foundation Footings shall be of sufficient size and strength to
support the load of the dwelling and shall be at least 250
millimeters thick and 600 millimeters below the surface
of the ground.
Post The dimensions of wooden posts shall be those found in
Table 708-A: Dimensions of Wooden Posts (Annex B-1).
Each post shall be anchored to such footing by straps
and bolts of adequate size.
Floor The live load of the first floor shall be at least 200
kilograms per square meter and for the second floor, at
least 150 kilograms per square meter.
Roof The wind load for roofs shall be at least 120 kilograms
per square meter for vertical projection.
Stairs Stairs shall be at least 750 millimeters in clear width,
with a rise of 200 millimeters and a minimum run of 200
millimeters.
Entrance and Exit There shall be at least one entrance and another one for
exit.

Chapter 8: Light and Ventilation

Section 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation
1. Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of
Light and View, and to the provisions of this part of the Code, every building shall
be designed, constructed, and equipped to provide adequate light and
ventilation.
2. All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been
duly approved.
Section 802. Measurement of Site Occupancy
1. The measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy shall be taken at the
ground level and shall be exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells.
2. Courts, yards, and light wells shall be measured clear of all projections from the
walls enclosing such wells or yards with the exception of roof leaders, wall
copings, sills, or steel fire escapes not exceeding 1.20 meters in width.
Section 803. Percentage of Site Occupancy
1. Maximum site occupancy shall be governed by use, type of construction, and
height of the building and the use, area, nature and location of the site; and
subject to the provisions of the local zoning requirements and in accordance with
the following types of open spaces:
a. Public open spaces - streets, alleys, easements of sea/lakeshores, rivers,
creeks, esteros, railroad tracks, parks/plazas, playgrounds, and the like.
 b. Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL) - courts, yards, gardens, light wells,
uncovered driveways, access roads and parking spaces consisting of two (2)
types:
1) Paved or tiled (hardscaped areas); sub-classification of open space
shall fall under Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Areas (ISA) within
the Total Lot Area (TLA); and
2) Unpaved areas within the lot that are with exposed soil and planted
(softscaped), i.e., the Unpaved Surface Areas (USA); this sub-
classification is the true open space.
Section 804. Size and Dimensions of Court
1. Minimum sizes of courts and yards and their least dimensions shall be governed
by the use, type of construction, and height of the building as provided
hereunder, provided that the minimum horizontal dimension of said courts and
yards shall be not less than 2.00 meters. All inner courts shall be connected to a
street or yard, either by a passageway with a minimum width of 1.20 meters or by
a door through a room or rooms.
2. The required open space shall be located totally or distributed anywhere within
the lot in such a manner as to provide maximum light and ventilation into the
building. (Figures VIII.12. through VIII.15.)
3. YARD - the required open space left between the outermost face of the
building/structure and the property lines, e.g., front, rear, right and left side yards.
The width of the yard is the setback. Yards prescribed for Commercial, Industrial,
Institutional and Recreational Buildings are shown in Table VIII.3. hereafter.

Minimum Setbacks for Residential Buildings/ Structures

Type of Residential Use/ Occupance
Yard R-2 R-3
R-1 R-4 R-5****
Basic Max Basic Max
Front 4.50 3.00 8.00 * 3.00 8.00 * 4.50 6.00
Side 2.00 2.00 ** 2.00 ** *** 2.00 2.00 3.00
(optional (optional)
)
Rear 2.00 2.00 2.00 *** 2.00 2.00 3.00
Notes:
a. The setback requirements in Table VIII.2. above are for newly-developed
subdivisions.
b. * - Total setback only at grade (or natural ground) level, i.e., 3.00 meters +
5.00 meters = 8.00 meters (to accommodate part of the minimum parking
requirement outside the designated area for the front yard). The second and
 upper floors and mezzanine level shall thereafter comply with the minimum
3.00 meters setback unless otherwise provided under the Code.
c. ** - Setback required for only one (1) side. Setbacks on two sides shall be
optional.
d. *** - Abutments on two sides and rear property lines may be allowed with
conditions as enumerated under Section 804, Subsection 10 of this Rule.
e. **** - Mixed-Use Buildings/Structures in R-5 lots shall be considered a
commercial use or occupancy if a substantial percentage, i.e., 55% of the
Gross Floor Area (GFA) is commercial.
f. In cases where yards/setbacks are impossible to attain or where frontage and
depth of lots are similar to that of Open Market or Medium Cost Housing
Projects, abutments on the sides and rear property lines may be allowed and
1.50 meters front yard is left open as transition area.

Setbacks for Commercial, Industrial, Institutional, and Recreational Buildings:

RROW in meters Front (meters Side (meters) Rear (meters)
30 & above 8 5 5
25 – 29 6 3 3
20 – 24 5 3 3
10 – 19 5 2 2
Below 10 5 2 2
 Mixed-Use Buildings/Structures in R-5 lots may be considered a commercial
development if a substantial percentage of the GFA is commercial.
Section 805. Ceiling Heights
1. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights
not less than 2.40 meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; Provided that for
buildings of more than one- storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey
shall be 2.70 meters and that for the second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding
storeys shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than
2.10 meters above the finished floor.
2. Above stated rooms with a natural ventilation shall have ceiling heights not
less than 2.70 meters.
3. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80 meters
above and below it.
Section 807. Size and Dimensions of Rooms
Room Minimum Size Least Horizontal Dimension
For Human
6.00 sq.m. 2.00 m.
Habitations
Kitchens 3.00 sq.m. 1.50 m.
Bath and toilet 1.20 sq.m. 0.90 m.
Section 808. Window Openings
1. Every room intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system as
herein specified in this Code, shall be provided with a window or windows with a
total free area of openings and equal to at least ten percent of the floor area of
room, and such window shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or alley,
or open water courses.
Section 809. Vent Shafts
1. Ventilation or vent shafts shall have a horizontal cross-sectional area of not
less than 0.10 square meter for every meter of height of shaft but in no case shall
the area be less than 1.00 square meter. No vent shaft shall have its least
dimension less than 600 millimeters.
2. Skylights – Unless open to the outer air at the top for its full area, vent shaft
shall be covered by a skylight having a net free area or fixed louver openings
equal to the maximum required shaft area.
3. Air ducts shall open to a street or court by a horizontal duct or intake at a point
below the lowest window opening. Such duct or intake shall have a minimum
unobstructed cross-sectional area of not less than 0.30 square meter with a
minimum dimension of 300 millimeters. The openings to the duct or intake shall
be not less than 300 millimeters above the bottom of the shaft and the street
surface or level of court, at the respective ends of the duct or intake.
Section 810. Ventilation Skylight
1. Skylights shall have a glass area not less than that required for the windows that
are replaced. They shall be equipped with movable sashes or louvers with an
aggregate net free area not less than that required for openable parts in the
window that are replaced or provided with approved artificial ventilation of
equivalent effectiveness.
Section 811. Artificial Ventilation
1. Whenever artificial ventilation is required, the equipment shall be designed and
constructed to meet the following minimum requirements in air changes:
a. For rooms entirely above grade and used for office, clerical, or
administrative purposes, or as stores, sales rooms, restaurants,
markets, factories, workshops, or machinery rooms, not less than three
changes of air per hour shall be provided.
b. For rooms entirely above grade and used as bakeries, hotel or
restaurant kitchens, laundries other than accessory to dwellings, and
boiler rooms – not less than ten changes of air per hour shall be provided.
c. For auditorium and other rooms used for assembly purposes, with seats
or other accommodations – not less than 0.30 cubic meter of air per minute
shall be supplied for each person.
 d. For wards and dormitories of institutional buildings – not less than 0.45
cubic meter of air per minute shall be supplied for each person
accommodated.

Chapter 9: Sanitation
Section 902. Water Supply System
1. Whenever available, the potable water requirements for a building used for
human habitation shall be supplied from existing municipal or city waterworks
system.
Section 903. Wastewater Disposal System
1. Sanitary sewage from buildings and neutralized or pre-treated industrial
wastewater shall be discharged directly into the nearest street sanitary sewer
main of existing municipal or city sanitary sewerage system in accordance with
the criteria set by the Code on Sanitation and the National Pollution Control
Commission
Section 904. Storm Drainage System
1. Rainwater drainage shall not discharge to the sanitary sewer system.
2. Adequate provisions shall be made to drain low areas in buildings and their
premises.
Section 905. Pest and Vermin Control
1. All buildings with hollow and/or wood construction shall be provided with rat
proofing.
2. Garbage bins and receptacles shall be provided with ready means for cleaning
and with positive protection against entry of pest and vermins.
3. Dining rooms for public use without artificial ventilation shall be properly
screened.
Section 906. Noise Pollution Control
1. Industrial establishments shall be provided with positive noise abatement
devices to tone down the noise level of equipment and machineries to acceptable
limits set down by the Department of Labor and the National Pollution Control
Commission.

Chapter 10: Building Projection Over Public Streets

Section 1002. Projection into Alleys or Streets
 1. Footings located at least 2.40 meters below grade along national roads or
public highway may project not more than 300 millimeters beyond the property
line.
2. Foundations may be permitted to encroach into public sidewalk areas to a
width not exceeding 500 millimeters; provided, that the top of the said
foundations is not less than 600 millimeters below the established grade; and
provided further, that said projection does not obstruct any existing utility such as
power, communication, gas, water, or sewer lines, unless the owner concerned
shall pay the corresponding entities for the rerouting of the parts of the affected
utilities.
Section 1003. Projection of Balconies and Appendages Overs Streets
1. The clearance between the established grade of the street and/or sidewalk and
the lowest under surface of any part of the balcony shall not be less than 3.00
meters.
Section 1004. Arcades
1. Whenever required by existing building and zoning regulations, arcades shall be
constructed on sidewalks of streets. The width of the arcade and its height shall
be uniform throughout the street provided, that in no case, shall an arcade be
less than 3.00 meters above the established sidewalk grade.
Section 1005. Canopies (Marquees)
1. A canopy or marquee is a permanent roofed structure above a door attached to
and supported by the building and projecting over a wall or sidewalk. This
includes any object or decoration attached thereto.
2. Projection and Clearance. The horizontal clearance between the outermost edge
of the marquee and the curb line shall be not less than 300 millimeters. The
vertical clearance between the pavement or ground line and the undersurface of
any part the marquee shall not be less than 3.00 meters.
Section 1006. Movable Awnings or Hoods
1. An awning is a movable shelter supported entirely from an exterior wall of a
building and of a type which can be retracted, folded, or collapsed against the
face of a supporting building.
2. Clearance. The horizontal clearance between the awning and the curb line shall
not be less than 300 millimeters. The vertical clearance between the undermost
surface of the awning and the pavement or ground line shall be not less than
2.40 meters. Collapsible awnings shall be so designated that they shall not block
a required exit when collapsed or folded.
Section 1007. Doors, Windows, and the like
 1. Doors, windows, and the like less than 2.40 meters above the pavement or
groundline shall not, when fully opened or upon opening, project beyond the
property line except fire exit doors.
Section 1008. Corner Buildings with Chaflans
1. Every corner building or solid fence on a public street or alley less than 3.60
meters in width shall be truncated at the corner. The face of the triangle so
formed shall be at right angles to the bisector of the angle of the intersection of
the street lines; provided, that in no case, the Secretary shall determine the size
and form of the chaflan.
2. If the building is arcaded, no chaflan is required notwithstanding the width of the
public street or alley, less than 12.00 meters.
Chapter 12: General Design and Construction Requirements
Section 1201. General Requirements
1. Buildings proposed for construction shall comply with all the regulations and
specifications herein set forth governing quality, characteristics and properties of
materials, methods of design and construction, type of occupancy and
classification.
2. All other matters relative to the structural design of all buildings and other
structures not provided for in this Chapter shall conform with the provisions of the
National Structural Code of Buildings, as adopted and promulgated by the Board
of Civil Engineering pursuant to Republic Act Number 544, as amended,
otherwise known as the “Civil Engineering Law”.
Section 1207. Stairs, Exit, and Occupant Loads
1. Exits
a. Number of Exits. Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at lease
one exit. In all occupancies, floors above the first storey having an occupant
load of more than 10 shall not have less than two exits.
b. Width. The total width of exits in meters shall not be less than the total
occupant load served divided by 165.
c. Arrangement of Exits. If only two exits are required they shall be placed a
distance apart to not less than one-fifth of the perimeter of the area served
measured in a straight line between exits.
d. Distance of Exits. No point in a building without a sprinkler system shall be
more than 45.00 meters from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit
passageway, or an enclosed stairway, measured along the line of travel. In a
building equipped with a complete automatic fire extinguishing system the
distance from exits may be increased to 60.00 meters.
2. Doors (The provisions herein shall apply to every exit door serving an area
having an occupant load of more than 10, or serving hazardous rooms or areas)
 a. Swing. Exit door shall swing in the direction of exit travel when serving any
hazardous areas or when serving an occupant load of 50 or more. Double
acting doors shall not be used as exits serving a tributary occupant load of
more than 100; nor shall they be used as a part of fire assembly, nor
equipped with panic hardware.
b. Width and Height. Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as to permit
the installation of a door not less than 900 millimeters in width and not less
than 2.00 meters in height. When installed in exit doorways, exit doors shall
be capable of opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so mounted that the
clear width of the exitway is not less than 700 millimeters.
c. Door Leaf Width. No leaf of an exit door shall exceed 1.20 meters in width.
3. Corridors (The provisions herein shall apply to every corridor and exterior exit
balcony serving as a required exit for an occupant load of more than ten.)
a. Width. Every corridor or exit balcony shall not be less than 1.10 meters in
width.
b. Projections. The required width of corridors and exterior exit balconies shall
be unobstructed. Except, that trim handrails, and doors when fully opened
shall not reduce the required width by more than 200 millimeters. Doors in
any position shall not reduce the required width of the corridor by more than
one-half.
c. Dead Ends. Corridors and exterior exit balconies with dead ends are
permitted when the dead end does not exceed 6.00 meters in length.
4. Stairways (Except stairs or ladders used only to access, equipment, every
stairway serving any building or portion thereof shall conform to the following
requirements: )
a. Width. Stairways serving an occupant load of more than 50 shall not be
less than 1.10 meters. Stairways serving an occupant load of 50 or less
may be 900 millimeters wide. Private stairways serving an occupant load
of less than 10 may be 750 millimeters. Trim and handrails shall not reduce
the required width by more than 100 millimeters.
b. Rise and Run. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 200
millimeters and the run shall not be less than 250 millimeters.
c. Winding Stairways. In Group A Occupancy and in private stairways in Group
B Occupancies, winders may be used if the required width of run is provided
at a point not more than 300 millimeters from the side of the stairway where
the treads are narrower but in no case shall any width of run be less than 150
millimeters at any point.
d. Circular Stairways. Circular stairs may be used as an exit provided the
minimum width of run is not less than 250 millimeters. All treads in any one
flight between landings shall have identical dimensions within a 5 millimeter
tolerance.
e. Landings. Every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of
travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such dimension need not exceed
1.20 meters when the stairs has a straight run. Landings when provided shall
 not be reduced in width by more than 100 millimeters by a door when fully
open.
f. Distance Between Landings. There shall be not more than 3.60 meters
vertical distance between landings.
g. Headroom. Every required stairway shall have a headroom clearance of not
less than 2.00 meters. Such clearance shall be established by measuring
vertically from a plane parallel and tangent to the stairway tread nosing to the
soffit above all points.

Chapter 13: Electrical and Mechanical Regulation

Section 1301: Electrical Regulations
1. All electrical systems, equipment and installation mentioned in this Code shall
conform to the provisions of the Philippine Electrical Code, as adopted by the
Board of Electrical Engineering pursuant to Republic Act No. 184 otherwise
known as the Electrical Engineering Law.
Section 1302. Mechanical Regulations
1. All mechanical systems, equipment and installations mentioned in this Code shall
conform to the provisions of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering code, as
adopted by the Board of Mechanical Engineering pursuant to Commonwealth Act
No. 294 as amended, otherwise known as the Mechanical Engineering Law

Chapter 14: Photographic and X-Ray Films

Section 1401: Storage and Handling
1. Storage rooms of unexposed photographic and x-ray films shall be provided with
automatic fire extinguishing systems in the following cases:
a. When unexposed films in generally accepted safety shipping containers
exceed the aggregate of 14.00 cubic meters.
b. Where shelving used for storage of individual packages not in said shipping
containers exceeds 1.40 cubic meters in capacity; and
c. Storage is not in generally accepted safety shipping containers in any section
not exceeding 14.00 cubic meters.

Chapter 15: Pre-fabricated Construction

Section 1501. Prefabricated Assembly
1. Prefabricated assembly is a structural unit, the integral parts of which have
been built up or assembled prior to incorporation in the building.
2. The Secretary shall prescribe special tests to determine the structural adequacy,
durability, soundness, weather and fire resistance of prefabricated assemblies.
3. Every device or system to connect prefabricated assemblies shall be capable of
developing the strength of the different members as an integral structure. Except,
in the case of members forming part of a structural frame as specified in this
Code.
4. Placement of prefabricated assemblies shall be inspected to determine
compliance with this Code.

Chapter 16: Plastics

Section 1604. Skylights
1. General –Approved plastics may be used in skylights installed on roofs of Types
I, II or III constructions and all buildings in these categories shall be equipped
with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system in Groups A, B, C, E, F, J,
H-3 and H-4 Occupancies: Except,that:
a. Approved plastics may be used in any type of construction or occupancy as a
fire venting system when approved by the Building Official.
b. Plastics may be used in approved skylights in Type II one-hour fire-resistive
construction which are located 300 millimeters or more above the lower
flange of the ceiling. The walls of the skylight well shall be no less fire-
resistive than the adjacent ceiling.
c. Where a fire-resistive ceiling is not required in one-storey buildings, approved
plastics may be used in skylights.
2. Installation Requirements
a. Except in Group A Occupancies, no skylight shall be installed within 3.00
meters of a property line.
b. The edges of dome-type skylights shall be properly flashed.
c. Plastic skylights shall be separated from each other by at least 2.50 meters
laterally and 3.00 meters along the slope of the roof.
3. Allowable Areas - The area of individual plastic skylights shall not exceed 10.00
square meters. The total aggregate area of plastics used in skylights, monitors,
and sawtooth glazing shall not exceed twenty percent of the floor area of the
room or occupancy sheltered

Chapter 17: Sheet Metal Paint Spray Booths

Section 1701. Sheet Metal Paint Spray Booths
1. General – paint spray booths shall be constructed of steel of not less than No.18
U.S. gauge in thickness and shall be designed in accordance with this Code.
2. Area – The area of a spray paint booth shall not exceed 150 square meters nor
ten percent of the basic area permitted for the major use of the building
according to its Occupancy Group.
Section 1702. Fire Protection
1. Every spray booth having an open front elevation larger than 1.00 square meter
and which is not equipped with doors, shall have a fire curtain or metal deflector
not less than 100 millimeters deep installed at the upper outer edge of the booth
opening.

Chapter 18: Glass and Glazing

Section 1801. General Requirements
1. This Chapter shall apply to exterior glass and glazing in all Occupancies except
Groups A, B, and J Occupancies not over three storeys in height, and to interior
and exterior glass and glazing in all occupancies subject to human impact as
specified in this Code
Section 1804. Louvered Windows
1. Regular plate, sheet, or patterned glass in jalousies and louvered windows shall
not be thinner than 5.6 millimeters minimal and not longer than 1.20 meters.
Exposed glass edges shall be smooth.
2. Frameless glass doors, glass in doors, fixed glass panels, and similar glazed
openings which may be subject to accidental human impact shall conform with
the requirements set forth by the Secretary on impact loads of glass: Except in
the following cases:
a. Bathtub and shower enclosures shall be constructed from approved shatter-
resistant materials, such as: wire-reinforced glass not less than 5.6
millimeters thick; fully tempered glass not less than 4.8 millimeters thick; or
laminated safety glass not less than 6.4 millimeters thick.
b. Glass lights located not less than 450 millimeters above the adjacent finished
floor or walking surface.
c. Glass lights when the least dimension is not greater than 450 millimeters.
d. Glass lights 1.50 square meters or less in area.

Chapter 20: Signs

Section 2001. General Requirements
 1. No sign or signboard shall be erected in such a manner as to confuse or obstruct
the view or interpretation of any official traffic sign, signal, or device.
2. No sign or signboard shall be constructed as to unduly obstruct the natural view
of the landscape, distract or obstruct the view of the public as to constitute a
traffic hazard, or otherwise defile, debase or offend aesthetic and cultural values
and traditions.
Section 2005. Projections and Clearances
1. Obstruction of Openings. No sign shall obstruct any opening to such an extent
that light or ventilation is reduced to a point below that required by this Code.
Signs erected within 1.50meters of an exterior wall in which there are openings
within the area of the sign shall be constructed of incombustible material or
approved plastics
2. Projection over Alleys. No sign or sign structure shall project into any public
alley below a height of 3.00 meters above established sidewalk grade, nor
project more than 300 millimeters where the sign structure is located 3.00 meters
to 4.5 meters above established sidewalk grade. The sign or sign structure must
not project more than 1.00 meter into the public alley where the sign or sign
structure is located more than 4.50 meters above established sidewalk grade.
Professional Practice 1 – Lecture 4:
Definition of Terms and Documents
Term Definition
ACT OF GOD OR shall mean any event beyond the reasonable control of the
FORCE MAJEURE Owner or the Contractor, as the case may be, and which is
unavoidable notwithstanding the reasonable care of the
party affected and shall include, without limitation.
ADVERTISEMENT refers to the notice published by the Owner or the
or INVITATION invitation issued to prospective bidders, giving
TO BID information as to the nature of the proposed project,
conditions for the issuance of Contract documents, date of
bidding, and information that would give the Contractor a
general idea of the magnitude and extent of the project.
AGREEMENT Is the term used to describe the agreement signed by the
Owner and the Contractor excluding the Contract
Documents which are attached thereto.
BID is the tender, or proposal, or quotation, or offer of a bidder to
perform the work described in the Contract which in form and
substance complies with the Instruction to Bidders.
BID BOND refers to any acceptable form of bond accompanying the
Bid submitted by the bidder as a guarantee that the bidder will
enter into the Contract with the Owner for the construction of
the Work, if the Contract is awarded to him.
BID DOCUMENT collectively refer to all documents provided or made
available to prospective bidders which include the Invitation
to Bid and a copy of the Contract which the winning bidders
would be required to sign with the Owner.
BID BULLETIN Is a document containing additional information on Bid
 Documents issued to bidders before date of bidding.
BREAKDOWN OF is a listing of the different parts of the work indicating each part
WORK AND and its corresponding value.
CORRESPONDING
VALUE
CHANGE ORDER is a written order to the Contractor issued by the Owner
after the execution of the Contract, authorizing a change or
variation in the work or an adjustment in the Contract Price or
Contract time.
CONTRACT is the term used to describe the Agreement and the
Contract Documents.
CONTRACT are the documents attached to the Agreement identified
DOCUMENT therein as Contract Documents, including all additions,
deletions and modifications incorporated therein.
CONTRACT PRICE is the amount in money or other consideration to be paid by the
Owner to the Contractor for the execution of the Work in
accordance with the Contract.
CONTRACTOR is the person or firm duly registered and licensed by the
Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board whose
proposal has been accepted and to whom was awarded the
Contract to execute the Work.
COST means all expenditures properly incurred or to be incurred,
whether on or off the site, including overhead and other
charges properly allocable thereto but does not include any
allowance for profit.
DRAWINGS are graphical presentations of the Work. They include all
supplementary details and shop drawings.
FINAL PAYMENT refers to the payment of the final progress billing and all
approved claims including but not limited to variations in the
work, Contract Price adjustments and/or escalation,
acceleration of work, and others. It does not include the
retention money.
GUARANTEE is the approved form of security furnished by the
BOND Contractor and his Surety as a guarantee of the quality
of the materials provided, the equipment installed, and the
workmanship performed by the Contractor.
INSTRUCTION TO refers to the list of instructions regarding the manner bids
BIDDER are to be prepared and the conditions for the award of
the Contract.
LAWS refers to all laws, ordinances and other governmental
rules and regulations applicable to the project and to its
execution.
OWNER is the person or entity or authorized representative thereof
 who signed the Contract as Owner.
OWNER’S refers to the person or entity commissioned by the Owner or
REPRESENTATIVE authorized in writing by the Owner to act on his behalf.
PAYMENT BOND is the approved form of security furnished by the
Contractor and his Surety as a guarantee of good faith on
the part of the Contractor to faithfully comply with the
Contract in respect of its obligations arising therefrom to
its workers, subcontractors, and suppliers.
PERFORMANCE is the approved form of security furnished by the
BOND Contractor and his Surety as a guarantee of good faith on
the part of the Contractor to execute the Work in accordance
with the Contract.
SCHEDULE OF is an outline specification enumerating the type or trade
MATERIALS AND names of materials required to be used by the Contractor for
FINISHES the Work.
SPECIFICATIONS are the written or printed description of the work to be
done describing qualities of the material to be used, the
equipment to be installed and the mode of construction.
SPECIAL are instructions which are issued prior to bidding to
PROVISIONS OR supplement and/or modify the Drawings, Specifications and/or
CONDITIONS General Conditions of the Contract.
SUB- is a contractor duly registered and licensed by the
CONTRACTOR Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board having a direct
contract with the Contractor and who acts for or in behalf of the
Contractor in executing any 4part of the Contract. One who
merely furnishes materials without labor is a supplier and not a
Sub-Contractor.
SUPPLEMENTARY refers to additional information which may be issued as an
SPECIFICATIONS addition to or amendment of the provisions of the
Specifications.
SURETY is the person, firm or corporation which issues the bond
required of the Contractor.
TIME LIMIT OR is the period of time allowed by the Contract for the
COMPLETION completion of the project or any stipulated portions thereof.
TIME
WRITTEN NOTICE means information, advice or notification pertinent to the
project delivered in person or sent by registered mail to an
individual, firm or corporation at the latter's last known business
address.
WORK refers to all the Contractor-provided labor or materials or
both, as well as equipment transportation or other facilities
necessary to commence and complete the construction and
to fulfill all his obligations which are called for in the
 Contract

Professional Practice 1 – Lecture 5: R.A. 11201

About the law
1. Known as the “Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development
Act”
2. Guidelines and procedure governing the operation of Department of Human
Settlements and Urban Development and the Human Settlements Adjudication
Commission
3. The under privilege should have an access to safe, secure, habitable,
sustainable and affordable home.
4. The state in cooperation with private sector shall undertake a continuing program
of housing and urban development at an affordable cost, decent housing and
basic services to under privileged and homeless citizens in urban centers and
resettlement areas. It should promote employment opportunities.
5. State shall ensure that poor dwellers in urban and rural areas shall not be evicted
nor their dwellings demolished, except in accordance with the law.
6. The State encourage on site development and promote creation of new
settlements and development of sustainable urban renewal programs while
guaranteeing the preservation of agricultural lands necessary for food security.
Definition of Terms
Terms Definition
Condominium Refers to the entire parcel of real property divided or to be
Project divided primarily for residential purposes into condominium
units, including all structures thereon, which complies with the
 requirements and standards provided under the Presidential
Decree No. 957.
Economic Residential subdivision projects and condominium projects
Housing Project which are sold or below the prevailing ceiling for the economic
housing and compliant with the standards provided under the
BP 220.
Homeowners - Non stock, non profit corporation registered with the
Association Department or Home Guarantee Corporation or the SEC,
(HOA) - Organized by the owners or the purchasers of the lot in a
subdivision/village or other residential real property located
within the jurisdiction of the association
Housing - A multi dimensional concept relating to the process of residing
and the objects of dwelling whose main attributes are location
relative to access to livelihood, tenure arrangements, cost and
physical structure, as well as their environment
- A physical structure as well as social structure, functioning at
different spatial scales from homes, neighborhoods,
communities, municipalities, cities, provinces, and regions
- A sector of the economy an important category of land use in
both rural and urban areas.
Human - The physical components of shelter and infrastructure
Settlements - The services to which the physical elements provide support
such as community services which include education, health,
culture, welfare, recreation and nutrition
Idle Lands Refers to the non agricultural lands in the urban and urbanizable
areas on which no improvements have been made by the
owner, as certified by the city, municipal or provincial assessor
In-city- Refers to the relocation site within the jurisdiction of the local
resettlement government unit where the informal settler families are living
Informal Settler - Refers to the household living in a lot whether private or public,
Families without the consent of the property owner
- Those without legal claim over the property they are occupying
- Those living in danger areas such as esteros, railroad tracks,
garbage dumps, riverbanks, shorelines, and waterways
Local Shelter - Refers to a document which provide information on the
Plan analysis of the present local housing situation
- It also contains the main shelter strategies and corresponding
implementation which provides the details of action to realize
the housing objectives
Near-City Refers to a relocation site within the jurisdiction of a LGU
Resettlement adjacent to the LGU having jurisdiction over the present
settlements of the informal settler families
Off-City Refers to the development of a site outside and not adjacent to
Relocation the LGU where the affected informal settle families have their
 settlements
Prototype Refers to the early sample model of a housing project or design
Projects or the pilot implementation of a housing and urban development
concept, program or process for the purpose of testing its
viability or sustainable replication
Public-Private Refers to the contractual agreement between the Government
Partnership and a private firm targeted towards financing, designing,
implementing and operating infrastructure facilities and services
that were traditional provided by public sector
Public Housing Refers to program and projects owned and/ or manage by the
government for the purpose of providing housing to underserved
families
Real Estate Refers to subdivisions, condominiums, townhouses, memorial
Development parks, columbaria and other similar projects which by law are
Projects subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the Department
Resettlement Refers to sites identified by the appropriate national agency or
Areas by the LGU within its jurisdiction, which shall be used for the
relocation of the underprivilege and homeless citizens and other
qualified households
Socialized Refers to the housing programs and projects covering houses
Housing and lots or home lots only, or residential condominium units
undertaken by the government or the private sector for the
underprivileged and homeless citizens which
Subdivision Refers to the subdivision housing projects and condominium
Projects projects undertaken by the Government or the private sector
which are sold at or below the prevailing price ceiling for
socialized housing compliant with the standards provided under
the BP and its IRR

Rule II - Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development

Section 4. Creation and Mandates of the Department
1. Act as primary national government entity responsible for the management of
housing, human settlement, and urban development
2. Be the sole and main planning and policy making, regulatory, program
coordination, and performance monitoring entity for all housing, human
settlement and urban development concerns primarily focusing on the access to
and the affordability of basic human needs
3. For this purpose, in accordance with Section 25 of the Act, the following functions
of HLURB are hereby transferred to the Department:
a. The land use planning and monitoring function, including the imposition of
penalties for noncompliance to ensure that LGUs will follow the planning
guidelines and implement their CLUPs and Zos
 b. The regulatory function, including the formulation, promulgation, and
enforcement of rules, standards and guidelines over subdivisions,
condominiums and similar real estate developments, and imposition of fines
and other administrative sanctions for violations, pursuant to PD 957 as
amended, BP 220 and other related laws
4. Develop national strategy to immediately address the provision of adequate and
affordable housing to all Filipinos
Section 10. Powers and Functions of the Departments in Relation to Public
Housing and Urban Development
1. Manage and oversee emergency post disaster/post conflict shelter recovery or
climate change adaptation and mitigation disaster risk reduction provision and
interventions
2. Develop and manage government lands which have been identified as suitable
for housing and urban development
3. Manage and oversee the development of proclaimed socialized and economic
housing sites
4. Implement plans for the establishment of government centers in the country, in
coordination with and assistance of relevant government agencies and
instrumentalities
5. The implementation of the foregoing functions shall be without prejudice to the
existing mandates and programs in actual housing production, delivery, and
finance of the attached corporations, as follows:
a. Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF Pag ibig) - Shall provide mutual
provident saving system for private and government employees and other
earning groups, supported by matching mandatory contributions of their
respective employers, with housing as the primary investment
b. National Housing Authority (NHA) - Function as the production and
financing arm in housing and shall exercise all other functions based on its
existing charters and its other mandates as provided under existing laws.
c. National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC) - A government
Corporation mandated to increase the availability of affordable housing
finance support to Filipino homebuyers on their acquisition of housing units
through the development and operation of a secondary market for home
mortgages and other housing related receivables
d. The Social Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC) - Lead government
agency tasked to develop and implement social housing programs for low
income groups in the formal and informal sectors, specially the underprivilege
and homeless in order to uphold their right to adequate through flexible,
affordable, innovative and responsive shelter financing and development/
production solutions that are community driven.
Sub Rule II – The Bureaus
 1. Each is headed by a Director with regional offices that have supporting functions
The Departments shall operate and maintain Bureaus under it are as follows but
not limited to:
a. Environmental, Land Use and Urban Planning Development Bureau
b. Housing and Real Estate Development Regulation Bureau
c. Home Owners Association and Community Development Bureaus
Rule IV – Human Settlements Adjudication Commission
1. HLURB is reconstituted under the Act as Human settlements Adjudication
Commissions. Continues the adjudication function of HLURB It shall be guided
by the Constitutional provision that affords all person the right to speedy
disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial or administrative
bodies. Involves housing and real estate development transactions, land use,
HOAs shall be ensured, and all parties to these controversies shall be accorded
equal access to legal process
Rule V – National Human Settlement Board
1. Acts as single policy making body provide overall policy directions and program
development to the attached agencies
Rule VI – Transitory Provisions
1. HUDCC Chairperson shall take the implementation All existing policies of
HUDCC and HLURB shall remain in full force unless subsequently revoked,
modified or amended by the Department of or the Commission
Professional Practice 1 – Lecture 6: R.A. 386
Republic Act 386
1. Known as the “Civil Code of the Philippines”
2. An act to ordain and institute the Civil Code of the Philippines
3. Approved on 18 June 1949
Title II, Chapter 4: Ruinous Buildings and Trees in Danger of Falling
1. Article 482
a. If a building, wall, column, or any other construction is in danger of falling, the
owner shall be obliged to demolish it or to execute the necessary work in
order to prevent it from falling.
b. If the proprietor does not comply with this obligation, the administrative
authorities may order the demolition of the structure at the expense of the
owner, or take measures to insure public safety.
Title VII, Chapter 2, Section 2: Easements Relating to Waters
1. Article 638
a. The banks of rivers and streams, even in case they are of private ownership,
are subject throughout their entire length and within a zone of three meters
along their margins, to the easement of public use in the general interest of
navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage.
Title VII, Chapter 2, Section 3: Easements of Right of Way
1. Article 649
a. The owner, or any person who by virtue of a real right may cultivate or use
any immovable, which is surrounded by other immovables pertaining to other
persons and without adequate outlet to a public highway, is entitled to
 demand a right of way through the neighboring estates, after payment of the
proper indemnity.
Title VII, Chapter 2, Section 4: Easement of Party Wall
1. Article 662
a. The cost of repairs and construction of party walls and the maintenance of
fences, live hedges, ditches, and drains owned in common, shall be borne by
all the owners of the lands or tenements having the party wall in their favor, in
proportion to the right of each.
b. Nevertheless, any owner may exempt himself from contributing to this charge
by renouncing his part ownership, except when the party wall supports a
building belonging to him.
Title VII, Chapter 2, Section 5: Easement of Light and View
1. Article 667
a. No part owner may, without the consent of the others, open through the party
wall any window or aperture of any kind
2. Article 670
a. No windows, apertures, balconies, or other similar projections which afford a
direct view upon or towards an adjoining land or tenement can be made,
without leaving a distance of two meters between the wall in which they are
made and such contiguous property
Title VII, Chapter 2, Section 6: Drainage
1. Article 674
a. The owner of a building shall be obliged to construct its roof or covering in
such manner that the rain water shall fall on his own land or on a street or
public place, and not on the land of his neighbor, even though the adjacent
land may belong to two or more persons, one of whom is the owner of the
roof. Even if it should fall on his own land, the owner shall be obliged to
collect the water in such a way as not to cause damage to the adjacent land
or tenement.
Title VIII, Chapter 4, Section 3: Contract for a Piece of Work
1. Article 1723
a. The engineer or architect who drew up the plans and specifications for a
building is liable for damages if within fifteen years from the completion of the
structure, the same should collapse by reason of a defect in those plans and
specifications, or due to the defects in the ground. The contractor is likewise
responsible for the damages if the edifice falls, within the same period, on
account of defects in the construction or the use of materials of inferior quality
furnished by him, or due to any violation of the terms of the contract. If the
engineer or architect supervises the construction, he shall be solidarily liable
with the contractor
Professional Practice 1 – Lecture 7: R.A. 8293
Republic Act 8293
1. Known as the “Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines”
2. This prescribes the intellectual property code and establishes the intellectual
property office
3. Approved on 06 June 1997
Part I, Section 4. Definitions
1. The term "intellectual property rights" consists of:
a. Copyright and Related Rights e. Patents
b. Trademarks and Service Marks f. Layout-Designs of Integrated
Circuits
c. Geographic Indications g. Protection of Undisclosed
Information
d. Industrial Designs
Part IV, Chapter II, Section 172. Literary and Artistic Works
1. Books, pamphlets, articles and other writings;
2. Periodicals and newspapers;
3. Lectures, sermons, addresses, dissertations prepared for oral delivery, whether
or not reduced in writing or other material form;
4. Letters;
5. Dramatic or dramatico-musical compositions; choreographic works or
entertainment in dumb shows;
6. Musical compositions, with or without words; etc.
Part IV (Law on Copyright), Chapter VIII: Limitations on Copyright
Section 184. Limitations on Copyright
1. The use made of a work by or under the direction or control of the Government,
by the National Library or by educational, scientific or professional institutions
where such use is in the public interest and is compatible with fair use
2. The public performance or the communication to the public of a work, in a place
where no admission fee is charged
3. Public display of the original or a copy of the work not made by means of a film,
slide, television image or otherwise on screen or by means of any other device
or process
4. Any use made of a work for the purpose of any judicial proceedings or for the
giving of professional advice by a legal practitioner
Section 185. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Work
1. The fair use of a copyrighted work for criticism, comment, news reporting,
teaching including multiple copies for classroom use, scholarship, research, and
similar purposes is not an infringement of copyright.
Section 186. Work of Architecture
1. Copyright in a work of architecture shall include the right to control the erection of
any building which reproduces the whole or a substantial part of the work either
in its original form or in any form recognizably derived from the original
2. Provided, That the copyright in any such work shall not include the right to control
the reconstruction or rehabilitation in the same style as the original of a building
to which that copyright relates.
Section 187. Reproduction of Published Work
1. The private reproduction of a published work in a single copy, where the
reproduction is made by a natural person exclusively for research and private
study, shall be permitted, without the authorization of the owner of copyright in
the work.
2. The permission granted to reproduce work shall not extend to:
a. A work of architecture in the form of building or other construction;
b. An entire book, or a substantial part thereof, or of a musical work in graphic
form by reprographic means;
c. A compilation of data and other materials;
d. A computer program except as provided in Section 189; and
e. Any work in cases where reproduction would unreasonably conflict with a
normal exploitation of the work or would otherwise unreasonably prejudice the
legitimate interests of the author.
Professional Practice 1 – Lecture 8: The Philippine Green Building
Code of 2015
Philippine Green Building Code
1. A Referral Code of the National Building Code (P.D. 1096)
2. Referred to as the “GB Code”
3. The GB Code seeks to improve the efficiency of building performance through a
framework of acceptable set of standards that will enhance sound environmental
and resource management that will counter the harmful gases responsible for
the adverse effects of climate change, throughout the building’s life-‐cycle
including efficient use of resources, site selection, planning, design, construction,
use, occupancy, operation and maintenance, without significant increase in cost.
This GB Code is a set of regulations setting minimum standards for compliance
and not intended to rate buildings.
4. Launched on 25 June 2015
Chapter 1, Section 4. Principles
1. The technical professionals, developers, contractors, property managers and
building owners involved in the planning, design, construction and management
of buildings have the opportunity and responsibility to help government address
the adverse effects of climate change by ensuring that buildings are planned,
designed, constructed, operated and maintained to the required efficiency level.
Chapter 1, Section 6. Green Building Concept
1. Green building is the practice of adopting measures that promote resource
management efficiency and site sustainability while minimizing the negative
impact of buildings on human health and the environment. This practice
complements the conventional building design concerns of economy, durability,
serviceability and comfort.
Chapter 2, Section 9. Performance Standards
1. The GB Code shall be subject to the following performance standards:
a. Energy Efficiency
b. Water Efficiency
c. Material Sustainability
d. Solid Waste Management
e. Site Sustainability
f. Indoor Environmental Quality
Chapter 2, Section 10. Energy Efficiency
1. Energy efficiency requires the adoption of efficient practices, designs, methods
and technologies that reduce energy consumption resulting in cost savings.
2. Building Envelope
a. The requirement of Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) needs to be balanced with
the amount of daylight coming through the glazed area.
b. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is used to determine the amount of
solar heat admitted through the glass divided by the total solar radiation
incident on the glass.
c. Visible light Transmittance (VLT) is used to determine the amount of light
transmitted through the glass.
3. Natural Ventilation
a. Operable windows or balcony door shall be provided in regularly occupied
spaces. The size of the opening shall be equal to at least ten percent (10%)
of the floor area of regularly occupied spaces.
4. Building Envelope Color
a. Light-colored building envelope, especially the roof areas which are the most
vulnerable, can reduce heat transfer from the outside to the inside of the
building by having surfaces with high Solar Reflectance Index (SRI).

5. Roof Insulation
a. Insulation can help reduce heat gain in a building thus improving thermal
comfort, acoustic quality and reducing the load on the air conditioning system.
b. Buildings shall be provided with roof insulation so that the average thermal
resistance value (R-Value) of the roof is at least R-8
Chapter 2, Section 11. Water Efficiency
1. Water efficiency requires the adoption of efficient practices, designs, methods
and technologies that reduce water consumption resulting in cost savings.
2. Water Management:
a. Rain Water Harvesting – Collected water shall be used for non-potable
purposes such as toilet flushing, irrigation, and cooling towers.
b. Water Recycling – Recycled water from Sewage Treatment Plants (STP)
shall be reused for non-potable purposes.
Chapter 2, Section 13. Solid Waste Management
1. Efficient waste management requires the adoption of efficient waste
management practices and use of eco‐friendly materials.
2. Material Recovery Facility (MRF)
a. MRF shall be provided for the collection and segregation of solid waste
materials.
b. MRF shall be fully enclosed and easily accessible from within the building and
from the outside for easy collection of waste
c. Solid waste containers shall be provided for at least four (4) types of wastes:
1) compostable (biodegradable)
2) non-recyclable (to be disposed off in the landfill)
3) recyclable
4) special waste
c. For hospitals, isolated bins for hazardous wastes shall be provided to avoid
contamination
Chapter 2, Section 14. Site Sustainability
1. Site sustainability requires the adoption of planning, design, construction and
operation practices that minimize the adverse impact of buildings on ecosystems
and water resources.
2. The inclusion of green areas or landscaped areas for indigenous or adaptable
species of grass, shrubs and trees will help in providing more permeable surface
for the building development’s open space and thus allow the re‐charging of
natural ground water reservoir, control storm water surface run‐off, cool the
building surroundings, and provide indoor to outdoor connectivity for the building
occupants.
3. A minimum of fifty percent (50%) of the required Unpaved Surface Area (USA),
as required in Rule VII and VIII of the NBC, shall be vegetated with indigenous
and adaptable species.