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MSP Write Up-Updated

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VAJIRAM AND RAVI

Mains Support Programme (MSP)


Mains Support Programme (MSP) by Vajiram and Ravi is a meticulously crafted value addition cum
assessment Programme for the J Batch students of General Studies Prelims Cum Mains course.
MSP is designed to learn the application of the knowledge you have garnered, add value to it, revise and
retain the content, and ultimately master the art of answer writing to give you the competitive edge needed
to excel in the UPSC Civil Services Examination 2025.
With a strategic blend of target setting, rigorous testing, detailed discussions, and personalized mentoring,
the MSP provides a holistic approach to mastering the Mains syllabus of General Studies. Logically, it’s
the extension of the first phase of regular classes in the program you were enrolled with.

With MSP, you will be able to tick mark:


● Disciplined and target-based study plan with macro and micro planning
● Comprehensive coverage of Syllabus and Revision leaving no topic untouched.
● Periodic Self-assessment to assess the progress and most importantly identify and address gaps in
preparation.
● In-depth Understanding of not only topics but also trends of UPSC with recurrent themes
emphasized in the examination.
● Value Addition and Note Consolidation for efficient revision and increased retention capacity.
● Integration and updation of learning with Current Affairs Support.
● Answer writing Skills and adequate practice to have the confidence to score good marks in the main
exam.

Features of MSP:
● Subject-wise Weekly Target plans: Structured subject plans for each General Studies paper broken
down into weekly targets with topics chapters and themes for systematic preparation.
● Pre-test Target Setting Videos: Discussions and prioritisation of topics based on trend analysis of
UPSC PYQs to set effective study targets and fill in the gaps.
● Comprehensive Test Series: Includes a total of 22 tests systematically planned into —18 half-length
and 4 full-length—with a proportionate time gap for covering and revising the entire General Studies
Mains syllabus.
● Standardised Question papers: curated based on UPSC Previous Year Questions (PYQs), key
concepts, current affairs and probable areas to make you exam ready.
● PYQ Analysis cum Answer Writing Sessions: To help you become adept in analysing PYQs,
discuss important concepts, work on argument generation and translate this knowledge into answer
writing skills.
● Well-researched Explanations: Model answers provided to enhance analytical skills and enrich
content knowledge and Value Addition.
● Detailed Discussion Classes by Faculties: To help you connect back to classes and help revise
and retain content.
● Timely Evaluation: Detailed evaluation of tests with subjective feedback within 7-10 days to help
identify strengths and areas for improvement.
● Mentoring Sessions: Guidance on answer writing, presentation skills, and continuous motivation and
psychological support.
● Flexibility in appearing for tests and Mentoring: Students may prefer to take tests and mentoring
in either offline or online mode. Flexibility of timing and period of test would also be provided to help
adjust your preparation.
● Strategic Sessions by Experts: Special sessions by experts on topics like how to read and apply
Current Affairs, effective note-making, revision techniques, and the mindset required to clear the
examination.

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
SCHEDULE OF MSP
Sr no. Date Test Length Type
1 30-June-2024 GS-2: Polity - 1 HLT Sectional
2 7-July-2024 GS-2: Polity - 2 HLT Sectional
14-Jul-2024 Break
3 21-July-2024 GS-1: Modern India (1757-1915) HLT Sectional
4 28-July-2024 GS-1: Modern India(1915-1947), PI HLT Sectional
5 4-Aug-2024 GS-1: Geography-Physical HLT Sectional
6 11-Aug-2024 GS-1: Geography-Human HLT Sectional
7 18-Aug-2024 GS-3: Environment & Disaster Management HLT Sectional
25-Aug-2024 Break
9 1-Sep-2024 GS-3: Indian Economy - 1 HLT Sectional
10 8-Sep-2024 GS-3: Indian Economy – 2 (Agriculture) HLT Sectional
11 15-Sep-2024 GS-3: Science & Technology HLT Sectional
12 22-Sep-2024 GS-3: Internal Security HLT Sectional
29-Sep-2024 Break
13 6-Oct-2024 GS-1: Society HLT Sectional
14 13-Oct-2024 GS-2: Social Justice and Governance HLT Sectional
15 20-Oct-2024 GS-4: Philosophy & Social Psychology HLT Sectional
16 27-Oct-2024 GS-4: Governance HLT Sectional
3-Nov-2024 DIWALI BREAK
3-Nov-2024 Diwali Break HLT Sectional
15 10-Nov-2024 GS-4: Case studies HLT Sectional
16 17-Nov-2024 GS-1: Art and Culture, World History HLT Sectional
18 24-Nov-2024 GS-2: International Relations HLT Sectional
14-Jul-2024 Break
19 8-Dec-2024 GS-1 FLT Comprehensive
20 15-Dec-2024 GS-2 FLT Comprehensive
21 22-Dec-2024 GS-3 FLT Comprehensive
22 29-Dec-2024 GS-4 FLT Comprehensive

How does the MSP Work?


● Orientation Session: Begin your MSP journey with an orientation session where the program's
philosophy, structure, and expectations are discussed.
● Target Setting Classes: Receive subject-wise weekly targets to guide your preparation. These
classes are designed based on the test schedule to ensure focused and effective study sessions.
● PYQ Analysis cum Answer Writing Session: Participate in sessions where experts analyze trends
from previous year questions (PYQs) and teach effective answer writing techniques.
● Attempting of Tests: Write curated tests that simulate the actual UPSC Mains exam conditions,
covering recurrent themes from PYQs.
● Well-researched Explanations and Model Answers: Access comprehensive explanations and
model answers after each test to deepen your understanding and improve your answer writing skills.
● Detailed Discussion for in-depth understanding: each test will be followed by a discussion class,
only available in the live mode.
● Timely Evaluation: Receive detailed evaluations of your answer copies within 7-10 days, providing
insights into your strengths and areas needing improvement.
● Mentoring Sessions: Schedule mentoring sessions after receiving evaluated answer copies to
receive personalised guidance and support.
● Strategic Sessions: Engage in strategic sessions held every 15 days on important themes such as
current affairs, note-making techniques, and exam strategy.

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
Syllabus of MSP
Sources

Sr no. Date Subject Length Type Syllabus


Primary Secondary
References References

Indian Constitution—historical
Introduction to the
underpinnings, evolution,
Constitution of
features, amendments, NCERTs: Class
India by D. D Basu
significant provisions and 9 and 10 -
Our Constitution,
basic structure. Democratic
Our Parliament by
Functions and responsibilities Politics 1 & 2
Subhash Kashyap
of the Union and the States, NCERT: Class
2nd ARC:
issues and challenges 11 - Indian
6th Report - Local
30- pertaining to the federal Constitution at
GS-2: Governance
1 June- HLT Sectional structure, devolution of powers Work
Polity - 1 13th Report -
2024 and finances up to local levels Polity Yellow
Organisational
and challenges therein. Book 1 & 2
Structure of
Separation of powers between Indian Polity by
Government of
various organs dispute M Laxmikanth
India
redressal mechanisms and Indian Express
institutions. and The Hindu
The Constitution of
Comparison of the Indian The Recitals
India by PM Bakshi
constitutional scheme with that
(Bare Act)
of other countries.
Parliament and State
legislatures—structure,
functioning, conduct of
business, powers & privileges
and issues arising out of
NCERTs: Class
these.
9 and 10 -
Structure, organization and Introduction to the
Democratic
functioning of the Executive Constitution of
Politics 1 & 2
and the Judiciary—Ministries India by D. D Basu
NCERT: Class
and Departments of the 2nd ARC:
11 - Indian
Government; pressure groups 13th Report -
7- Constitution at
GS-2: and formal/informal Organisational
2 July- HLT Sectional Work
Polity - 2 associations and their role in Structure of
2024 Polity Yellow
the Polity. Government of
Book 1 & 2
Salient features of the India
Indian Polity by
Representation of People’s The Constitution Of
M Laxmikanth
Act. India by PM Bakshi
Indian Express
Appointment to various (Bare Act)
and The Hindu
Constitutional posts, powers,
The Recitals
functions and responsibilities
of various Constitutional
Bodies.
Statutory, regulatory and
various quasi-judicial bodies.
14-Jul-2024 Break

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
Modern Indian history of the
significant events, issues and
personalities from about the
middle of the eighteenth
Plassey to Partition
century until 1915. It includes
by Shekhar
the following aspects Modern India
Bandhopadhyaya
1. Political Development and Yellow Book
A History of
Actors in India in the 18th and Modern India:
Modern India:
19th Century Old NCERT
GS-1: Ishita Banerjee-
2. Indian Rennaissance - (Bipin Chandra)
21- Modern Dube
Major social Reform Themes in India
3 July- India A New Look At
movement and associated History: Part III
2024 (1757- Modern Indian
reformers (NCERT)
1915) History: B. L.
3. Impact of Colonialism on A Brief History
Grover and Alka
various aspects of Indian of Modern India
Mehta
Social, economic and political (Spectrum):
India's Struggle for
life Rajiv Ahir
Independence:
4. Revolt of 1857
Bipan Chandra
5. The National Movement -
from Moderates to the
extremist phase and various
leaders associated
Modern Indian history from
1915 until the present
significant events,
personalities, and issues. It Modern India Plassey to Partition
includes the following apsects: Yellow Book by Shekhar
1. The Gandhian Phase of Modern India: Bandhopadhyaya
National Movement. Old NCERT A History of
2. Major ideologies shaping (Bipin Chandra) Modern India:
the National Movement in this Themes in India Ishita Banerjee-
phase. History: Part III Dube
3. Major social issues during (NCERT) A New Look At
GS-1:
this phase of the National A Brief History Modern Indian
28- Modern
Movement of Modern India History: B. L.
4 July- India(191
4. Role of Women during this (Spectrum): Grover and Alka
2024 5-1947),
phase of the National Rajiv Ahir Mehta
PI
Movement. India's Struggle for
5. Revolutionaries and their NCERT: Class Independence:
impact. 12- Politics in Bipan Chandra
6. Post-Independence India since
Developments and Challenges Independence
faced by a nascent nation. Post- India since
Independence Independence by
Post-independence Yellow Book Bipin Chandra
consolidation and
reorganization within the
country.
Salient features of world’s NCERT: Class
physical geography. 11-
Important Geophysical Fundamentals Physical
GS-1:
4- phenomena such as of Physical Geography -
Geograph
5 Aug- HLT Sectional earthquakes, Tsunami, Geography, Savinder Singh
y-
2024 Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., India Physical Down to Earth
Physical
geographical features and Environment Magazine
their location-changes in Concepts of
critical geographical features Geography

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
(including water-bodies and Yellow Book
ice-caps) and in flora and Indian
fauna and the effects of such Geography
changes. Yellow Book
Certificate
Physical and
Human
Geography by
Goh Cheng
Leong
The Recitals
NCERT: Class
12-
Fundamentals
Distribution of key natural
of Human
resources across the world
Geography,
(including South Asia and the
Indian People Geography Of India
11- GS-1: Indian sub-continent); factors
and Economy - Majid Husain
6 Aug- Geograph HLT Sectional responsible for the location of
Concepts of Down to Earth
2024 y-Human primary, secondary, and
Geography Magazine
tertiary sector industries in
Yellow Book
various parts of the world
Indian
(including India).
Geography
Yellow Book
The Recitals
NCERT: Class
12- Biology
(Unit 10:
Ecology)
Environment
Yellow Book
Indian Down to Earth
GS-3: Conservation, environmental
Geography Magazine
Environm pollution and degradation,
18- Yellow Book 2nd ARC:
ent & environmental impact
7 Aug- HLT Sectional (Selective 3rd Report- Crisis
Disaster assessment.
2024 reading) Management
Managem Disaster and disaster
The Indian Yojana: January
ent management.
Express and 2017- Volume 61
The Hindu
NDMA
Guidelines on
Respective
Disasters
The Recitals
25-Aug-2024 Break
Indian Economy and issues NCERT: Class
relating to planning, 11- Indian
Indian Economy -
mobilization, of resources, Economic
Dutt, Sundaram /
growth, development and Development
GS-3: Uma Kapila /
employment. NCERT: Class
1-Sep- Indian Mishra Puri
9 HLT Sectional Inclusive growth and issues 12-
2024 Economy Strategy for New
arising from it. Macroeconomic
-1 India @ 75
Government Budgeting. s
Yojana
Indian Economy
EPW
Effects of liberalization on the Yellow Book
economy, changes in The Indian

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
industrial policy and their Economy -
effects on industrial growth. Sanjiv Verma
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Economic
Roads, Airports, Railways etc. Survey and
Investment models. Budget
(Summary by
Vajiram & Ravi)
Indian Express
and The Hindu
The Recitals
Land reforms in India.

Major crops-cropping patterns


in various parts of the country,
NCERT: Class
- different types of irrigation
11- Indian
and irrigation systems storage,
Economic
transport and marketing of
Development
agricultural produce and
NCERT: Class
issues and related constraints; Indian Economy -
12-
e-technology in the aid of Dutt, Sundaram /
Macroeconomic
farmers. Uma Kapila /
s
GS-3: Mishra Puri
Agriculture
Indian Issues related to direct and Ministry of
Yellow Book
8-Sep- Economy indirect farm subsidies and Agriculture Annual
10 HLT Sectional Indian Economy
2024 -2 minimum support prices; Report
Yellow Book
(Agricultu Public Distribution System- Strategy for New
The Indian
re) objectives, functioning, India @ 75
Economy -
limitations, revamping; issues Yojana
Sanjiv Verma
of buffer stocks and food Kurukshetra
Economic
security; Technology missions; EPW
Survey and
economics of animal-rearing.
Budget
(Summary by
Food processing and related
Vajiram & Ravi)
industries in India- scope’ and
The Recitals
significance, location,
upstream and downstream
requirements, supply chain
management.
Science and Technology-
developments and their
applications and effects in Science and
everyday life. Technology
Achievements of Indians in Yellow Book
GS-3: science & technology; The Recitals
15-
Science & indigenization of technology Indian Express
11 Sep- HLT Sectional Science Reporter
Technolo and developing new (Explained
2024
gy technology. Section), The
Awareness in the fields of IT, Hindu (Science
Space, Computers, robotics, and Technology
Nano-technology, bio- page)
technology and issues relating
to intellectual property rights.
Linkages between Internal Security 2nd ARC:
22- GS-3: development and spread of Yellow Book 7th Report -
12 Sep- Internal HLT Sectional extremism. Challenges to Capacity Building
2024 Security Role of external state and non- Internal Security for Conflict
state actors in creating of India by Resolution
Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
challenges to internal security. Ashok Kumar 8th Report -
Challenges to internal security and Vipul Combating
through communication Anekant Terrorism -
networks, role of media and The Recitals Protecting by
social networking sites in The Indian Righteousness
internal security challenges, express and 5th Report - Public
basics of cyber security; The Hindu Order
money-laundering and its
prevention. IDSA publications
Security challenges and their on Security (North-
management in border areas - east, LWE, Border
linkages of organized crime Security, Financial,
with terrorism. International &
Various Security forces and Organised Crime)
agencies and their mandate. Annual Reports of
MHA
29-Sep-2024 Break
Indian Society
Salient features of Indian
Yellow Book
Society, Diversity of India.
NCERT: Class
Role of women and women’s
12 - Indian
organization, population and
Society
associated issues, poverty and
NCERT: Class
developmental issues,
6-Oct- GS-1: 12 - Social Society in India by
13 HLT Sectional urbanization, their problems
2024 Society Change and Ram Ahuja
and their remedies.
Development in
Effects of globalization on
India
Indian society.
The Indian
Social empowerment,
Express and
communalism, regionalism &
The Hindu
secularism.
The Recitals
SOCIAL JUSTICE
"Welfare schemes for
2nd ARC:
vulnerable sections of the
10th Report -
population by the Centre and
Refurbishing of
States and the performance of
Personnel
these schemes; mechanisms,
Administration &
laws, institutions and Bodies
Governance Scaling New
constituted for the protection
and Social Heights
and betterment of these
Justice Yellow 11th Report -
vulnerable sections.
GS-2: Book Promoting e-
Issues relating to development
Social The Indian governance: The
13- and management of Social
Justice Express and Smart Way
14 Oct- HLT Sectional Sector/Services relating to
and The Hindu Forward
2024 Health, Education, Human
Governan The Recitals 12th Report -
Resources.
ce Strategy for Citizen Centric
Issues relating to poverty and
New India @ Administration
hunger."
75- Governance Yojana
Section Annual Reports of
GOVERNANCE
Ministries such as
Government policies and
Women and Child
interventions for development
Development /
in various sectors and issues
HRD Ministry/
arising out of their design and
Health Ministry etc.
implementation.
Development processes and

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
the development industry —
the role of NGOs, SHGs,
various groups and
associations, donors, charities,
institutional and other
stakeholders.
Important aspects of
governance, transparency and
accountability, e-governance-
applications, models,
successes, limitations, and
potential; citizens charters,
transparency & accountability
and institutional and other
measures.
Role of civil services in a
democracy.
Ethics and Human Interface:
Essence, determinants and
consequences of Ethics in-
human actions; dimensions of
ethics; ethics - in private and
public relationships. Human
Values - lessons from the lives
and teachings of great
leaders, reformers and
administrators; role of family
society and educational
institutions in inculcating
values.
Attitude: content, structure,
Ethics Yellow
function; its influence and
book
GS-4: relation with thought and
The Lexicon for
20- Philosoph behaviour; moral and political Justice Harvard
Ethics, Integrity
15 Oct- y & Social HLT Sectional attitudes; social influence and Lectures by
and Aptitude
2024 Psycholo persuasion. Michael Sandel
The Indian
gy Aptitude and foundational
Express and
values for Civil Service,
The Hindu
integrity, impartiality and non-
partisanship, objectivity,
dedication to public service,
empathy, tolerance and
compassion towards the
weaker-sections.
Emotional intelligence-
concepts, and their utilities
and application in
administration and
governance.
Contributions of moral thinkers
and philosophers from India
and world.
Public/Civil service values and Ethics Yellow 2nd ARC:
27- GS-4: Ethics in Public administration: book 4th Report- Ethics
16 Oct- Governan HLT Sectional Status and problems; ethical The Lexicon for in Governance,
2024 ce concerns and dilemmas in Ethics, Integrity 12th Report -
government and private and Aptitude Citizen Centric

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
institutions; laws, rules, The Indian Administration
regulations and conscience as Express and 10th Report -
sources of ethical guidance; The Hindu Refurbishing of
accountability and ethical Personnel
governance; strengthening of Administration,
ethical and moral values in 1st Report - RTI:
governance; ethical issues in Master Key to
international relations and Good Governance
funding; corporate
governance.
Probity in Governance:
Concept of public service;
Philosophical basis of
governance and probity;
Information sharing and
transparency in government,
Right to Information, Codes of
Ethics, Codes of Conduct,
Citizen’s Charters, Work
culture, Quality of service
delivery, Utilization of public
funds, challenges of
corruption.
Contributions of moral thinkers
and philosophers from India
and world.
3-Nov-2024 Diwali Break
Case Studies
Yellow Book
10- GS-4:
Case studies related to all the The Indian
15 Nov- Case HLT Sectional
GS IV topics Express and
2024 studies
The Hindu
The Recitals
NCERT: Class-
11 - An
Introduction to
Indian culture will cover the Indian Arts -
salient aspects of Art Forms, PART -I
Literature and Architecture NCERT: Class -
from ancient to modern times 12 - An
Introduction to
Indian Arts -
GS-1: Art PART -II CCRT Website or
17- and History of the world will include NCERT: Class- compilation
16 Nov- Culture, HLT Sectional events from 18th century such 11: Themes in
2024 World as industrial revolution, world India History: World History by
History wars, redrawal of national Part I Norman Lowe
boundaries, colonization, NCERT: Class-
decolonization, political 12: Themes in
philosophies like communism, India History:
capitalism, socialism etc.- their Part II
forms and effect on the Art and Culture
society. Yellow Book
The Indian
Express and
The Hindu

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330
The Recitals

The Story of
Civilization (Old
NCERT): Class
IX (Volume A)
and Class X
(Volume B)
The
Contemporary
World History
(Old NCERT):
Class XII
NCERT -
Themes in
World History
World History
Yellow Book
India and its neighborhood-
relations.
Bilateral, regional and global
groupings and agreements
involving India and/or affecting IR Yellow Book
GS-2:
24- India’s interests. The Recitals
Internatio MEA Website
18 Nov- HLT Sectional Effect of policies and politics of The Indian
nal World Focus
2024 developed and developing Express and
Relations
countries on India’s interests, The Hindu
Indian diaspora.
Important International
institutions, agencies and fora
- their structure, mandate.
1-Dec-2024 Break
8-Dec- Compreh
19 GS-1 FLT Full syllabus of GS-1
2024 ensive
15-
Compreh
20 Dec- GS-2 FLT Full syllabus of GS-2
ensive
2024
22-
Compreh
21 Dec- GS-3 FLT Full syllabus of GS-3
ensive
2024
29-
Compreh
22 Dec- GS-4 FLT Full syllabus of GS-4
ensive
2024

Embark on your journey to success with the Mains Support Programme (MSP) – your ultimate partner for
cracking the UPSC Civil Services Examination 2025.
Stay focused, work hard, and let's make your dream of becoming an IAS officer a reality!

Vajiram & Ravi - An Institute for IAS Preparation | Delhi Branch- 9-B, Bada Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 | Chennai Branch - Vajiram & Ravi New No.
62, P Block, 6th Avenue, Anna nagar, Chennai - 600040 | E-mail: online@vajiramandravi.com | Tel: 080-6220-6330

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